1. Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO.
- Author
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Brooks AF, Vajente G, Yamamoto H, Abbott R, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Ananyeva A, Appert S, Arai K, Areeda JS, Asali Y, Aston SM, Austin C, Baer AM, Ball M, Ballmer SW, Banagiri S, Barker D, Barsotti L, Bartlett J, Berger BK, Betzwieser J, Bhattacharjee D, Billingsley G, Biscans S, Blair CD, Blair RM, Bode N, Booker P, Bork R, Bramley A, Brown DD, Buikema A, Cahillane C, Cannon KC, Cao HT, Chen X, Ciobanu AA, Clara F, Compton C, Cooper SJ, Corley KR, Countryman ST, Covas PB, Coyne DC, Datrier LE, Davis D, Difronzo CD, Dooley KL, Driggers JC, Dupej P, Dwyer SE, Effler A, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Feicht J, Fernandez-Galiana A, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Giaime JA, Giardina DD, Godwin P, Goetz E, Gras S, Gray C, Gray R, Green AC, Gupta A, Gustafson EK, Gustafson D, Hall E, Hanks J, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Hasskew RK, Heintze MC, Helmling-Cornell AF, Holland NA, Izmui K, Jia W, Jones JD, Kandhasamy S, Karki S, Kasprzack M, Kawabe K, Kijbunchoo N, King PJ, Kissel JS, Kumar R, Landry M, Lane BB, Lantz B, Laxen M, Lecoeuche YK, Leviton J, Jian L, Lormand M, Lundgren AP, Macas R, Macinnis M, Macleod DM, Mansell GL, Marka S, Marka Z, Martynov DV, Mason K, Massinger TJ, Matichard F, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McCuller L, McIver J, McRae T, Mendell G, Merfeld K, Merilh EL, Meylahn F, Mistry T, Mittleman R, Moreno G, Mow-Lowry CM, Mozzon S, Mullavey A, Nelson TJ, Nguyen P, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, Oram RJ, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Overmier H, Palamos JR, Parker W, Payne E, Pele A, Penhorwood R, Perez CJ, Pirello M, Radkins H, Ramirez KE, Richardson JW, Riles K, Robertson NA, Rollins JG, Romel CL, Romie JH, Ross MP, Ryan K, Sadecki T, Sanchez EJ, Sanchez LE, Tiruppatturrajamanikkam SR, Savage RL, Schaetzl D, Schnabel R, Schofield RM, Schwartz E, Sellers D, Shaffer T, Sigg D, Slagmolen BJ, Smith JR, Soni S, Sorazu B, Spencer AP, Strain KA, Sun L, Szczepanczyk MJ, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Toland K, Torrie CI, Traylor G, Tse M, Urban AL, Valdes G, Vander-Hyde DC, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Venugopalan G, Viets AD, Vo T, Vorvick C, Wade M, Ward RL, Warner J, Weaver B, Weiss R, Whittle C, Willke B, Wipf CC, Xiao L, Yu H, Yu H, Zhang L, Zucker ME, and Zweizig J
- Abstract
Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.
- Published
- 2021
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