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Bu çalışmanın amacı, 20. yüzyılın başından itibaren kendini iyiden iyiye gösteren beş sentlik sinema salonlarının işçi sınıfı tarafından nasıl ve hangi biçimlerde eğlence aracı olarak kullanıldığını araştırmaktır. Özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde bu yıllarda birçok alanda yaşanan değişim ve dönüşüm sinema sektöründe de geçerli olmaya başlamış ve beş sentlik sinema salonları Amerikan rüyasını gerçekleştirmek düşüncesiyle ülkeye akın akın gelen göçmen işçilerin uğrak yeri haline gelmiştir. O bakımdan mevcut literatürden hareketle, bu sinema salonlarının işçi sınıfı için hangi anlamlar ifade ettiğini araştırmak ve buna ilişkin bilimsel çalışmalar yapmak oldukça önemlidir. Bu durum çalışma yaşamı ile sinema arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyması bakımından da bahsedilmeye değerdir. Çalışmada beş sentlik sinema salonları ile işçi sınıfı arasındaki bağı tespit etmek amacıyla literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, geneli itibariyle iki ana bölümden meydana gelmektedir. Birinci bölümde beş sentlik sinemanın tanımı ve tarihi geçmişinden hareketle, bu salonların endüstriye dönüşme süreci üzerinde durulacaktır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümü bir taraftan beş sentlik sinema salonları hakkında detaylı bilgiler vermekte diğer taraftan bahse konu sinema salonlarının dönemin mavi yakalı çalışanları açısından ne anlama geldiğini açıklamaktadır.

The ultimate purpose of this study is to scrutinize industrialization via movies in a thematic ways. Actually, industrialization, which occurs at the end of the 18th and the outbreak of the 19th century, is the process of mechanization of production and the rationalization of policy as a whole. It is economically the onset of mechanization, commercialization or fabrication of goods in a massive way and the utilization of logic on a political basis. Without logic or ration, it is quite impossible that there will be no transformation like this. At the same time, it is the direct outbreak of capital accumulation. There are a great many factors for its emergence to be debated; however, there is a green reality that this is not a linear process. In the stark contrast, it is eclectical as well as progressive. History also whispers us that this innovative stage ranging from Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0 converts into a development culture, which has been dominated by the West since Renaissance and Reform. Comprehending the reasons for the formation of this innovative culture is of great significance for all of us. In this study, our main objective is to read these spheres of improvement on the basis of four movies for four stages. Industry 1.0, associated with steam power is represented by Oliver Twist (2005); Industry 2.0 is related to Modern Times (1936), as for Industry 3.0, it is based upon A Beautiful Mind (2001) while Industry 4.0 is overviewed with Replicas (2018).

Aim:The aim of our study was to compare clinical severity scores and classic spirometry with impulse oscillometry (IOS) results and thoracic high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scores in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) in order to determine the utility of the latter approach in patient follow-up.Materials and Methods:CF patients over 6 years of age were included. Shwachman-Kulczycki score, underclassical spirometry and IOS were performed when not in acute exacerbation. Thoracic HRCT images obtained within the previous 6 months were evaluated using the Bhalla scoring system.Results:The mean age of the children studied (n=30) was 12.1±4.2 years and 40% were female. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeroginosa) was isolated from sputum cultures of 40% of the patients. Patients with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) below 80% exhibited significantly higher (resistance) R5, R10 values and significantly lower (reactance) X5 values on IOS (p=0.03, 0.027, 0.006, respectively). Patients with P. aeruginosa had significantly lower FEV1, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory flow (25-75) values in classic spirometry when compared with patients without P. aeruginosa (p=0.002, p=0.002, and p=0.005, respectively). P. aeruginosa-positive patients showed significantly higher R5 and lower X5 values (p=0.047, 0.046, respectively). Bhalla scoring, bronchiectasis weight, peribronchial thickening, mucous plaques, saccularization, bronchial division, mosaic pattern parameters in groups with P. aeroginosa growth and/or FEV1

Background: Our study aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics of patients who applied for legal curettage and the incidence of depression in patients after the procedure. Methods: Our study was carried out in Ortaca/Turkey in 2021–2022. It is a prospective cross-sectional study. Our study was conducted on 35 patients. In our study, the patients’ income level, education level, place of residence, family structure, religious belief, and the reason for the legal eviction request were investigated. It was investigated whether the patients were affected in their work, private, social, and sexual life after the procedure. Post-procedure Beck depression inventory (BDI) was applied to the patients and their spouses. The incidence of post-procedure depression was investigated. SPSS Version 28.0.1 program was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age was 33.74 ± 6.85 years. Reasons for termination of pregnancy: 5 patients for not married, 5 patients because the child’s father is unknown, 1 patient due to an extra-marital affair, 4 patients because they have fear of raising and caring for children, 4 patients due to family planning error, 3 patients because they have more than two children, 4 patients because they think they are too old to be mothers, 5 patients due to financial difficulties, 1 patient did not want to be a parent in any way, and 3 patients because they thought it was too early to have children. The mean BDI score of the mothers before the procedure was 10.1143 ± 0.637 and 19.457 ± 1.722 after the procedure. A statistically significant difference was found in the post-procedure BDI scores compared to the pre-procedure (p = 0.00). The fathers’ pre-procedural BDI score was 6.28 ± 1.12, the post-procedure BDI score was 7.25 ± 1.14, and there was no statistically significant difference in pre-and post-procedure BDI scores (p = 0.956). The mean BDI score of the mothers was 19.45 ± 1.72, and the mean BDI score of the fathers was 7.25 ± 1.14. BDI scores of the mothers were statistically significantly higher than those of the fathers (p = 0.00). Moderate depression in 37.1% of mothers and severe depression in 20% were detected. In fathers, 5.7% moderate depression and 2.9% severe depression were found. The frequency of moderate and severe depression in mothers was statistically significant compared to fathers (p = 0.00). The work-life of 57.1%, the social life of 45.7%, the private life of 71.4%, and the sexual life of 82.9% of women who had a legal abortion were affected. Conclusions: The incidence of depression after legal medical termination of pregnancy is not to be underestimated. Precautions for depression should be taken and followed in these patients.

Adnexal torsion in pregnancy is a rare gynecologic emergency that causes severe abdominal pain. The current paper reports a case of a woman with 18 weeks pregnancy who was referred to our tertiary clinic with sudden lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound scan showed a very large multicystic adnexal torsion mass on the right side displacing the gravid uterus to the anterior left. An oblique paramedian incision was made for right salpingo-oophorectomy. To our knowledge the incision presented in this case has not been described in the literature previously. We suggest an alternative incision to be used during pregnancy especially for emergencies due to an adnexal mass.

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to compare the sleep quality of healthy children with the actigraphic evaluation and quality of life of monosymptomatic enuresis children of similar age groups. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine and has been submitted to the Department of Pediatric Nephrology. Patients included in the study were suffering from urinary incontinence for two years and only from monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna. The study group consisted of healthy children with monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna who volunteered to participate and those who did not have any systemic disease of similar age and sex. The demographic data, quality of life and activity of all the cases that were taken into the study were tried to be evaluated with sleep quality. Results: Forty children with 40 monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna diagnoses matching the study criteria were included. The control group consisted of 20 healthy children. There were no difference in demographic characteristics between the groups (p>0.05). The Kid-KINDL total score was 59.6±12.9 in children with monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna and 74.8±6.3 in healthy children (p=0.001). The effective sleep duration was statistically lower in children with monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna, and the effective duration of wakefulness, number of naps and fragmentation index were found to be higher in children with monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna (p=0.001). Conclusion: This is the first study in the literature to compare actigraphic analysis and quality of life of healthy children with enuretic children. We think that children with monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna have a significant deterioration in their quality of life compared to healthy children in sleep quality and this leads to an effect on the quality of life.

Calculations of the cosmic rate of core collapses, and the associated neutrino flux, commonly assume that a fixed fraction of massive stars collapse to black holes. We argue that recent results suggest that this fraction instead increases with redshift. With relatively more stars vanishing as “unnovae” in the distant universe, the detectability of the cosmic MeV neutrino background is improved due to their hotter neutrino spectrum, and expectations for supernova surveys are reduced. We conclude that neutrino detectors, after the flux from normal SNe is isolated via either improved modeling or the next Galactic SN, can probe the conditions and history of black hole formation.

İşletmelerde yapılması gerekli olan ücret optimizasyonu, gerek işgörenlerin işyerlerindeki eşitlik algılarını, motivasyonlarını ve performanslarını arttırmada gerekse de işgören devir hızını azaltmadaki rolüyle, insan kaynaklarını sürdürülebilir hale getirmede önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Böylelikle işletmeler, sadece verimliliklerini değil, deneyimli kendi personeli yardımıyla da etkinliklerini arttırarak rekabet avantajı elde edebilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada ücret optimizasyonunun gerekliliği, sürdürebilir insan kaynakları oluşumu açısından incelenmiştir.

Çalışma ilişkileri günümüz insanının mutluluğu, refahı ve toplumsal barışı için en temel belirleyicilerdendir. Tarihsel süreç içerisinde çalışmanın dinamik yönüne bakıldığında iki temel olgunun ortaya çıktığı görülecektir. Bunlardan birincisi emeğin kas gücüyle ve buharla çalışan sanayi tesisleriyle yani fabrikayla özdeşleştiği sanayi devrimi, ikincisi ise çalışma zamanının endüstri öncesi dönemde var olan eski ‘doğal’ seyrine döndüğü ve emeğin bilgiyle birlikte düşünüldüğü bilgi devrimidir. Sanayi devrimiyle rutin ve ritmik bir hal alan çalışma zamanı, sanayi devriminden sonraki süreçte tarım döneminde olduğu gibi dar kalıplarından kurtularak belirli bir mekân ve süreçten tamamen sıyrılmıştır. Daha açık ifadesiyle çalışma zamanı endüstri sonrası dönemde dar kalıplarından sıyrılarak, zaman ve mekân boyutunu aşarak doğal haline geri dönmüştür. Makalenin temel konusu çalışma zamanının geçirdiği bu dönüşümün temel çıkış noktalarını sebep ve sonuçlarıyla ele almak ve bu durumsal çerçevenin temel dinamiğini ortaya koymaktır.

OBJECTIVE: Etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is variable. Hypercoagulability is one of the treatable conditions causing RPL. Platelet (PLT) count, mean PLT volume (MPV), PLT distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrit (PCT) are platelet indices and may be markers for increased platelet aggregability. In the present study, we aimed to determine and compare PLT count, MPV, PDW and PCT between patients with RPL and healthy controls. STUDY DESIGN: A total number of 39 patients with RPL and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in the research. PLT count, MPV, PDW and PCT values were compared between the patients and the controls. RESULTS: There were no statisti¬cally significant differences in number of PLTs, MPV, PCT and PDW values between women with RPL and healthy women (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Thrombocyte indices have still an unsatisfactory value in RPL and it seems that they are not appropriate for routine clinical practice regarding RPL.

Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MGS) is a lethal autosomal recessive disorder. MGS is thought to be caused by ciliary dysfunction. The worldwide incidence of MGS varies from 1 in 13 250 to 1 in 140.000 live births. MGS is characterized by three main symptoms: central nervous system (CNS) malformations, tetramelic postaxial polydactyly and cystic renal dysplasia with associated fibrocystic changes of the liver, pancreas and epididymis. Here a case of MG syndrome, diagnosed in early weeks of gestation was reported.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify the antepartum risk factors for peripartum hysterectomy in women with placenta previa. STUDY DESIGN: The medical records of 57 women, who underwent cesarean because of placenta previa during the period January 2006-January 2013, were reviewed retrospectively. Antepartum characteristics of women who did and did not undergo peripartum hysterectomy were compared. RESULTS: Among the 57 cases with placenta previa, peripartum hysterectomy was required in 6 (10.5%) women. A statistically increased risk emerged for a history of repeated cesarean delivery (p=0.045), placental adhesive disorders (p

TRAP (Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion) sequence is a rare syndrome seen in monochorionic twin pregnancies. It occurs in 1% of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It is characterized with a recipient fetus exhibiting lethal anomalies including acardia and a pump fetus supplying blood by vascular anastomosis in the placenta. Pump twin is structurally normal but heart failure may develop with cardiomegaly, pericardial and pleural effusion, ascites and polyhydramnios also seen during pregnancy. This anomaly has high mortality for pump twin and is always lethal for recipient. Here, a TRAP sequence case diagnosed at 14 weeks of gestation in antenatal period and followed up spontaneously until labor, with the demand of the family is presented.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between amniotic fluid volume and mainly volume of maternal body fluid compartments and secondly maternal obesity in near term pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: A case control study was conducted involving 211 women with near term singleton pregnancies who attended Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine between 2007 and 2009. Patients in Group 1(n=119), included near term pregnancies with normal amniotic fluid index (AFI) and Group 2 included near term pregnancies complicated with idiopathic oligohydramnios (n=92). Oligohydramnios was diagnosed when AFI was measured 0.05). Besides, there was no significant correlation with these parameters and AFI (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data favor that maternal BMI, volume of maternal body fluid compartments and plasma osmolality do not have any effect on amniotic fluid volume in near term pregnancies.

Diğer Orta ve Yakındoğu Türk ve İslam devletlerinde olduğu gibi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda da, devletin temel görevinin, egemenliği altında bulunan topraklarda güvenliği ve adaleti sağlamaktan ibaret olduğu bilinmektedir. Buna mukabil, bugün, genelde devlet tarafından yürütülen din, kültür, eğitim, sağlık ve diğer sosyal hizmetler toplumdaki varlıklı kimselerin kurmuş oldukları vakıflarca sağlanmış ve böylece dengeli bir toplum tesis edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu nedenle, eski Türk toplum hayatına ilişkin yapılan her araştırmada vakıf müessesesiyle karşılaşılmaktadır. İşte burada, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü öğretim üyelerinden Dr. Ömer Demirel'in, Osmanlı devri Türk toplumunun şehir hayatında vakıfların rolünü irdeleyen ve bu konuda bize yeni bilgiler sunan bir çalışması üzerinde durulacaktır.

Chemotherapy-induced menopause is a well-known condition in breast cancer patients. This menopausal state is usually reversible in younger women and those who had been treated by anthracyclines. Here, we report a 36-year old woman who had a history of previous medullary breast cancer and had received adjuvant CEF regimen after which she developed a contra-lateral medullary breast cancer just following a twin conception. She was in menopausal state after the 3rd cycle of the CEF chemotherapy. Thus, she had given up using contraception. At the 4th year she admitted with abdomen distention. A twin pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Ten months later from the birth, a contra-lateral breast cancer was diagnosed. A MRM operation was performed and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were administered. She is under follow-up and free of malignancy at the 20th months of the diagnosis. As a conclusion, breast cancer patients and clinicians should be alert on reversible menstrual cycle changes and it is particularly important to assess the endocrine activity after treatment cessation, regularly.

Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the success of different treatment modalities for the management of ectopic pregnancy (EP). Methods. One hundred and ninety-seven patients with EP, were included in the study. Patients were treated with either intramuscular methotrexate (Mtx) or surgical treatment. Results. Mtx was applied in 97 (49.2%) patients. In 67 patients (69.1%), a single dose of Mtx and in 30 patients (30.9%) a multiple dose of Mtx was applied. Forty-seven (70.14%) patients were successfully treated with a single-dose Mtx. In the multiple-dose group, the success rate was 70% (21/30 patients). The difference between the success rates was not statistically significant. When the initial serum βhCG value was 3000 mIU/mL. On the other hand, if the EP mass diameter was

Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is a benign cutaneous hamartoma characterized by intensely erythematous, pruritic, and inflammatory papules that occur as linear bands along the lines of Blaschko. There is a considerable clinical and histological resemblance between ILVEN and linear psoriasis, lichen striatus, linear lichen planus, and invasion of epidermal nevus by psoriasis. The pathogenesis of ILVEN is unknown. It is regarded as a genetic dyskeratotic disease reflecting genetic mosaicism. Here, a case of vulvar and perianal condyloma superimposed ILVEN is presented.

Aim:Specific allergen immunotherapy (SIT) is the only disease-modifying therapy for allergic diseases. We aimed to examine the effect of subcutaneous specific allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) applications on the prognosis of asthma and allergic rhinitis in pediatric cases in real-life settings.Methods:The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis aged between 5 and 18 years old were enrolled between 2010 and 2015. The groups who received SCIT and who did not receive were compared in terms of disease severity parameters in follow-up recorded in their files.Results:A total of 298 cases, among which 140 received subcutaneous specific allergen immunotherapy. The frequency of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and co-morbidity was similar between the two groups. In the first year of the follow-up, asthma symptoms severity was not significant between the two groups; however, both asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms were significantly lower in the SCIT patients at the end of the third year of follow-up. While the follow-up rate for three years or more was 62% in the group that received subcutaneous specific allergen immunotherapy, it was 38% in the group that did not receive.Conclusion:These results showed that SIT is an effective treatment modality in real-life settings with low side effects in pediatric patients with uncontrolled asthma and allergic rhinitis despite medical treatment.

Carbon nanotube-reinforced polyurethane elastomer composites were prepared by melt-mixing. Nitric acid oxidation and silanization were applied to carbon nanotube surfaces to achieve better interfacial interactions with polyurethane elastomer. Tensile and hardness tests, differential scanning calorimetry, melt flow index test, dielectric measurements, and morphological studies of composites were reported. The best results were obtained for surface-modified carbon nanotubes containing composites with lower loading levels. Addition of carbon nanotubes leads to almost two-fold increase in strain and modulus compared to pristine polyurethane elastomer. Tensile strength of composites was also improved by inclusion of carbon nanotubes. However, strength values drop down with increasing carbon nanotube content. Shore hardness increased with the inclusion of modified carbon nanotube to polyurethane elastomer while pristine carbon nanotube caused remarkable decrease in hardness of polyurethane elastomer. Relatively higher melting points and slightly lower glass transition temperatures were observed for carbon nanotube-loaded composites compared to polyurethane elastomer because of plasticizing effect of carbon nanotube. Incorparation of carbon nanotube to polyurethane elastomer matrix caused reduction in melt flow index values due to formation of agglomarates, and n the contrary, surface modifications of carbon nanotube exhibited increase in melt flow index thanks to enhanced interfacial interactions between carbon nanotube and polyurethane elastomer. Significant increase in dielectric constant of composites was observed. Better dispersion of surface modified carbon nanotubes into polyurethane elastomer was also concluded from SEM micrographs of composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Rigid bronchoscopy (RB) is the traditional treatment in foreign body (FB) aspiration in childhood but is a traumatic and invasive procedure. However, flexible optic bronchoscopy (FoB) is a noninvasive and nontraumatic respiratory intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate FoB as a first-line treatment modality in pediatric cases presenting with a preliminary diagnosis of FB aspiration.METHODS: Subjects who underwent FoB under general anesthesia with the preliminary diagnosis of FB aspiration were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Two cases were inherited from pediatric surgery because they were not removed with FoB. The demographic, clinical, and radiological findings at the presentation were recorded. Results of success rate and complications were recorded.RESULTS: Among the FB aspiration cases age range of 7 months to 16 years. FoB demonstrated a FB in the airways of 31 (62.2%) subjects. The duration of the symptoms in the subjects was 9.1 ± 8.8 days. Three of the cases were taken over from pediatric surgery because they were not removed with RB. Most commonly encountered FB's were organic materials (n = 20, 64%). FoB was successful in removing the FB from the proximal and also distal airways in 93% of the subjects. No significant complications and side effects were observed except post-FoB cough.CONCLUSION: This result has shown that FoB for the treatment of FB aspiration is successful in removing FB aspiration from both the proximal and distal airway that the RB cannot remove. Furthermore, FoB did not have any significant airway complication. FoB may be used as the first-line treatment modality for FB aspiration instead of RB in childhood the fact that noninvasive and nontraumatic respiratory intervention.

While breathing, many microorganisms, harmful environmental particles, allergens, and environmental pollutants enter the human airways. The human respiratory tract is lined with epithelial cells that act as a functional barrier to these harmful factors and provide homeostasis between external and internal environment. Intercellular epithelial junctional proteins play a role in the formation of the barrier. E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule and one of the most important molecules involved in intercellular epithelial barier formation. E-cadherin is not only physical barrier element but also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and the immune response to environmental noxious agents through various transcription factors. In this study, we aimed to review the role of E-cadherin in the formation of airway epithelial barier, its status as a result of exposure to various environmental triggers, and respiratory diseases associated with its dysfunction. Moreover, the situations in which its abnormal activation can be noxious would be discussed.

The chemically modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PVTri) composites were prepared via in situ emulsion polymerization. The morphological and structural properties of the surface-modified MWCNT and the synthesized MWCNT/PVTri composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrical properties of the composite material were analyzed by conductivity measurements. The thermal analysis and the Tgvalue of the polymer were determined by differential scanning calorimetry technique. The obtained novel MWCNT/PVTri composites exhibited excellent solubility and possessed a slightly higher glass transition temperature than that of the pure polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) polyvinylimidazole (PVI) composites have been prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization. Dispersion of raw SWCNTs in the PVI matrix was improved by surface modification of the SWCNTs using nitric acid treatment and air oxidation. The carbonyl-terminated SWCNTs were covalently bonded to PVI by in situ polymerization and the SWCNT/PVI composite was thus obtained. The morphological and structural characterizations of the surface-functionalized SWCNTs and SWCNT/PVI composites were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, conductivity measurements, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Thermograms of the materials were determined by the differential scanning calorimetry technique. The characterization results indicate that PVI was covalently bonded to SWCNTs and a new material was then obtained. The functionalized SWCNTs showed homogenous dispersion in the composites, whereas purified SWCNT resulted in poor dispersion and nanotube agglomeration. SWCNT/PVI composites exhibited chemical stability enhancement in many common solvents. I-V curves of the samples exhibit an ohmic character. Conductivity values for pure SWCNTs, pure PVI and SWCNT/PVI composite were measured to be 3.47, 2.11 × 10−9, and 2.3 × 10−3 S/m, respectively. Because of resonance, a large dielectric constant is obtained for SWCNT/PVI composite, which is not observed for ordinary materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Allergy is associated with considerable morbidity.Objective The aim of this multicenter study was to provide insight into allergy knowledge and perceptions among the population.Methods During the World Allergy Day, several allergy clinics conducted public meetings to encourage the awareness of and education in allergy. At the beginning, participants filled out a questionnaire to assess their knowledge about what is allergy and to determine by whom those symptoms are cared.Results A total of 256 participants (187 women/69 men, mean age, 31.2 ± 12.5 years) completed the survey. Of the 202 participants with symptoms, 58.9% had physician-diagnosed allergic disease. Among the 19 symptoms evaluated, 56.5% of the symptoms were recognized as related with allergy, and this increased in compliance with education level (r = +0.427; P < 0.001) but not with diagnosed allergy (P = 0.34). Sneezing was the most common symptom thought to be related with allergy-related symptom (77.5%), whereas loss of smell was the least one (37.9%). Participants were more likely to be cared by an allergologist (72.9%) followed by other specialties, when experiencing allergy.Conclusions Increasing the awareness for allergic symptoms is the key not only for the diagnosis but also for the optimal treatment. Therefore, education is an important component of prevention and control of allergic diseases. Keywords: allergy, asthma, awareness, diagnosis, symptom, treatment

Bu çalışmada, oturum başlatma protokolü (SIP) tabanlı çağrı sunucusuyla sağlanan telefon servislerinin IPTV sistemiyle bütünleşmesini sağlayacak yeni bir mimari yapı önerilmiş ve bu amaca yönelik yeni bir protokol (Bağımsız Bildirim Protokolü) tasarlanarak geliştirilen mimari yapının avantajları incelenmiştir. Önerilen mimari yapı ve bunu destekleyen protokoller, bildirim mimarisinde arabirim katmanına (middleware) olan gereksinimi ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Böylece, bildirim mimari yapısı bir katman azaltılmakta, arabirim katmanına olan bağımlılık sona ermekte, her türlü arabirim katmanı ile bildirim mimarisi kurulabilmektedir. Geliştirilen mimari yapı ve protokolün testleri sonucunda, bildirim bant genişliğinin, mevcut bildirim mimari yapılarındakinin %10’una kadar düştüğü ve önerilen mimari yapının başarılı bir şekilde çalıştığı görülmüştür.

Bu çalışmada, oturum başlatma protokolü (SIP) tabanlı çağrı sunucusuyla sağlanan telefon servislerinin IPTV sistemiyle bütünleşmesini sağlayacak yeni bir mimari yapı önerilmiş ve bu amaca yönelik yeni bir protokol (Bağımsız Bildirim Protokolü) tasarlanarak geliştirilen mimari yapının avantajları incelenmiştir. Önerilen mimari yapı ve bunu destekleyen protokoller, bildirim mimarisinde arabirim katmanına (middleware) olan gereksinimi ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Böylece, bildirim mimari yapısı bir katman azaltılmakta, arabirim katmanına olan bağımlılık sona ermekte, her türlü arabirim katmanı ile bildirim mimarisi kurulabilmektedir. Geliştirilen mimari yapı ve protokolün testleri sonucunda, bildirim bant genişliğinin, mevcut bildirim mimari yapılarındakinin %10’una kadar düştüğü ve önerilen mimari yapının başarılı bir şekilde çalıştığı görülmüştür.