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9. Corrigendum: Internet Blogs, Polar Bears, and Climate-Change Denial by Proxy.

Author

Harvey, Jeffrey A, van den Berg, Daphne, Ellers, Jacintha, Kampen, Remko, Crowther, Thomas W, Roessingh, Peter, Verheggen, Bart, Nuijten, Rascha JM, Post, Eric, Lewandowsky, Stephan, Stirling, Ian, Balgopal, Meena, Amstrup, Steven C, and Mann, Michael E

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix133.].

Published
2018

10. Internet Blogs, Polar Bears, and Climate-Change Denial by Proxy

Author

Harvey, Jeffrey A, van den Berg, Daphne, Ellers, Jacintha, Kampen, Remko, Crowther, Thomas W, Roessingh, Peter, Verheggen, Bart, Nuijten, Rascha JM, Post, Eric, Lewandowsky, Stephan, Stirling, Ian, Balgopal, Meena, Amstrup, Steven C, and Mann, Michael E

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Climate Action, advocacy, communication, contrarian, global warming, skeptic, social media, Ecology, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Increasing surface temperatures, Arctic sea-ice loss, and other evidence of anthropogenic global warming (AGW) are acknowledged by every major scientific organization in the world. However, there is a wide gap between this broad scientific consensus and public opinion. Internet blogs have strongly contributed to this consensus gap by fomenting misunderstandings of AGW causes and consequences. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have become a "poster species" for AGW, making them a target of those denying AGW evidence. Here, focusing on Arctic sea ice and polar bears, we show that blogs that deny or downplay AGW disregard the overwhelming scientific evidence of Arctic sea-ice loss and polar bear vulnerability. By denying the impacts of AGW on polar bears, bloggers aim to cast doubt on other established ecological consequences of AGW, aggravating the consensus gap. To counter misinformation and reduce this gap, scientists should directly engage the public in the media and blogosphere.

Published
2018

24. International scientists formulate a roadmap for insect conservation and recovery

Author

Harvey, Jeffrey A., Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H., Bezemer, T. Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A. V., Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E., Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L., Furlong, Michael J., Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan-Christian, Haddad, Nick M., Hallmann, Caspar A., Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E., Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C., Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T. Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M., Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R., Lewis, Sara M., Lister, Bradford C., Losey, John E., Lowe, Elizabeth C., Macadam, Craig R., Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D., Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C., Painting, Christina J., Pham, Thai-Hong, Potts, Simon G., Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L., Samways, Michael J., Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A., Schultz, Cheryl B., Soares, António O., Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M., Umbers, Kate D. L., Vet, Louise E. M., Visser, Marcel E., Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L., WallisDeVries, Michiel F., Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E., Wilkins, Vicky L., Williams, Paul H., Wyckhuys, Kris A. G., Zhu, Zeng-Rong, and de Kroon, Hans

Published
2020
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39. Sibling cannibalism in the false widow spider is dependent on spiderling density and the reliable availability of fresh prey.

Author

Harvey, Jeffrey A., Steegh, Robin, Dong, Yuting, and Gols, Rieta

Subjects
*CANNIBALISM, *PREY availability, *FRUIT flies, *EGG cases (Zoology), *SIBLINGS, *BLACK widow spider, *ANIMAL clutches
Abstract

Adult female spiders lay batches of eggs in silken egg sacs, and after hatching, the spiderlings live for transient periods in their mother's web before dispersing. Sibling cannibalism is frequently observed among spiderlings of many species under conditions of food deprivation. Here, we conducted assays in small Petri dishes with different densities of newly hatched (second instar) spiderlings of the false widow spider, Steatoda grossa, using a split‐clutch design. Prey (freshly killed fruit flies) availability was manipulated both numerically and temporally. Offspring from 10 different females were separated as siblings into densities of two, four, or eight spiderlings per Petri dish and these were provided with either 0 flies (starvation control), two flies, four flies, or eight flies that were replenished weekly or every 3 weeks. A further control was conducted with solitary spiderlings in Petri dishes deprived of flies. The number of surviving spiderlings per Petri dish was counted every 3 days until only one remained (or until death of the solitary spiderling). Our results show that the rate of cannibalism was lower with increasing spiderling density and when fresh flies were replenished more frequently, whereas the number of flies that were provided did not affect cannibalism. In S. grossa, juvenile cannibalism occurs primarily under conditions of extreme food limitation, although in synanthropic habitats where the spider is abundant, it may be an adaptive strategy owing to the potential scarcity of prey. Under certain conditions, cannibalism in spiderlings is adaptive by eliminating competitors and providing nutrient‐rich food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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47. Contrasting effects of nitrogen fertiliser application on the performance of closely related grasshoppers through changes in plant nutrient concentrations.

Author

Zhu, Yu, Ma, Quanhui, Zhong, Zhiwei, Jiang, Ming, Bakker, Elisabeth S., Harvey, Jeffrey A., Veen, G. F., Chen, Cong, and Wang, Deli

Subjects
GLOBAL environmental change, CONTRAST effect, PLANT nutrients, GRASSHOPPERS, INSECT conservation, FERTILIZERS
Abstract

Global environmental changes mediated by anthropogenic processes can affect the nutrient status of plants, with important consequences for the performance and dynamics of insect herbivores that feed on them.While it is well documented that insects from different feeding guilds (e.g., sap‐feeders and leaf‐chewers) can respond differently to altered food resources due to their distinct physiological and ecological characteristics, little is known about how ecologically similar insect species from the same feeding guild respond to changes in food nutrient status.Using nitrogen (N) fertiliser, the authors examined the effects of N inputs on two sympatric grasshopper species, Euchorthippus cheui and E. unicolor, that share the same host food plant, Leymus chinensis grass. The authors examined the effects of fertilisation on the individual feeding behaviour, performance and abundance of the two grasshopper species.The nutrient (protein) content of L. chinensis leaves was enhanced by fertilisation during the entire season. However, E. cheui and E. unicolor exhibited differing growth rates, development and body size responses to fertilisation.E. cheui preferred L. chinensis leaves from high‐N fertilised treatments, while E. unicolor preferred leaves from low‐N fertilised treatments. Moreover, fertilisation increased the abundance of E. cheui but had no significant effect on the abundance of E. unicolor in the field.The findings imply that effective management and conservation strategies for insects should target the needs of individual species rather than species groups or communities as a whole because nutritional and environmental requirements are often species‐specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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