Search

Bottom‐gate and bottom‐contact n‐type and p‐type organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are simultaneously obtained by combining the ambipolar semiconductor film of diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based conjugated polymer (P4FTVT‐C32) with indium tin oxide (ITO) source/drain (S/D) electrodes. P4FTVT‐C32 thin film exhibits n‐type unipolar property with the low work functional (WF) ITO S/D electrodes modified by polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) and it exhibits p‐type unipolar property with the high WF ITO S/D electrodes modified by HCl:InCl3. Hence, complementary inverters with transition voltages near VDD/2 and the maximum gain of 138 converting "1" state input into "0" state output are achieved by two different modifications via screen printing on ITO electrodes and then, only one‐time bar coating of P4FTVT‐C32. To further improve the performance and the uniformity of the OFET devices, the modification of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) is also introduced. This work provides an easy‐handling method for the fabrication of low‐cost, high performance organic electronic devices and integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercialization of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) is partly hindered by the high cost and stubborn work function (WF) of common Au source/drain (S/D) electrodes. In this work, indium tin oxide (ITO) S/D electrodes modified with three different nitrogenous interlayers including 1,4‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) piperazine (HEP), polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE), and branched polyethylenimine (PEI) are adopted to fabricate n‐type OTFTs. The WF of bare ITO is 4.7 eV, whereas ITO modified with nitrogenous interlayers exhibits WFs ranging from 4.1 to 3.6 eV. By the first‐principle calculation and element analysis, the protonated amines are critical for the reduction of ITO surface WF. Besides, the interlayers with higher nitrogen contents are more likely to improve the wettability of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) modified ITO substrates, and help to gain the continuous and oriented poly[2,5‐bis(4‐tetradecyloctadecyl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione‐alt‐5,5′‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐(E)‐1,2‐bis(3,4‐difluorothien‐2‐yl)‐ethene] (P4FTVT‐C32) semiconductor thin films. Therefore, P4FTVT‐C32 based OTFTs with maximum electron field‐effect mobility of 1.95 cm2 V−1 s−1 are achieved by PEI treatments. These results indicate that the ITO S/D electrodes modified by nitrogenous interlayers can greatly slash costs and promote commercialization of OTFTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, exciting advances have been achieved in pursuing organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with high mobility. Whereas, the economical infeasibility of Au source/drain (S/D) electrodes that are widely used in OTFTs hinders the further development of OTFTs in industry. In this study, the modified indium tin oxide (ITO) as S/D electrodes is adopted. The ITO is modified by HCl aqueous solutions, its surface work function is improved from 4.8 to 5.5 eV. By first‐principle calculations and experiments, the charge analysis shows that the Cl atom traps 0.475 electrons, which indicates that In–Cl dipoles are responsible for the increase of the surface work function, besides the HCl modification leads to In+‐Cl− bonds instead of In3+‐Cl− bonds on the ITO surface compared with the reported InCl3 modification. More encouragingly, In+‐Cl− surface is found to have higher Cl density, higher work function and higher conductivity. TIPS‐pentacene, with suitable HOMO level of 5.2 eV, is adopted as organic semiconductor, and the bar‐coating process is optimized to realize oriented films. OTFTs with maximum field‐effect mobility of 0.77 cm2 V−1 s−1 are achieved. The ITO electrodes modified by HCl can be promising in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intracranial dissecting aneurysms (IDAs) are rare but pose significant challenges to treatment. The pipeline embolization device (PED) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment option with excellent outcomes. Herein, we report our experience with patients treated with the PED for unruptured IDAs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our hospital database and identified patients who were treated with PEDs for unruptured IDAs between March 2016 and September 2020. Data including demographics, clinical presentation, aneurysm characteristics, procedural details, intra- or peri-procedural complications, and follow-up details were collected. Results: Eighty patients (61 men, 76.25%) were treated with PED for unruptured IDAs. The most common symptoms were headache (34, 42.5%), dizziness (29, 36.25%), and nausea or vomiting (15, 18.75%). Of these patients, 73 had one aneurysm, and seven harbored two aneurysms. All of them achieved successful PED deployment. Six patients experienced intra- or peri-procedural complications including perforator artery occlusion, thromboembolic, hemorrhagic events, and falling of the stent into the aneurysm sac. Follow-up with digital subtractive angiography was available for 29 patients with a median of 6 months, and 28 (96.56%) patients had aneurysm occlusion. Late thrombosis occurred in four patients, and two of them had unfavorable outcomes. Clinical follow-up showed that a favorable clinical outcome was achieved in 76 (95%) patients, and the mortality rate was 3.75%. Conclusion: Treating unruptured IDAs is safe and effective with long-term favorable clinical and angiographic outcomes. However, the complications of this treatment should be noted. Careful selection of appropriate patients and individualized antiplatelet therapy might be needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2D atomic structure and fascinating properties of graphene provide new opportunities for the surface-functionalization of the traditional structural materials to meet the demands for intelligent and informational applications. Conformal coating of graphene in any arbitrary-shape, even 3D irregular shapes, is critical to the surface-functionalized structural materials in their actual form for practical applications. Herein, as demonstrated by ceramics, this study successfully obtains graphene conformal-coated ceramics via rationally designed a compatible strategy with the fabrication of traditional ceramics. The graphene films show intimate adherence on the arbitrary-shaped ceramics and exhibit uniform distribution even on the concave and convex surfaces. With a practical scalability, the present work stimulates various applications of heating devices, electroluminescent devices, and touchpads in real-life scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GLO:KBT0/01nov15:aelm201500223-fig-0005.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): a) SEM image of the h-BN SASCA electronic device configuration. b) The current-voltage curve of the h-BN SASCA showing excellent electrical insulation properties. gl In summary, we have successfully synthesized orderly aligned and uniformly distributed h-BN SASCA for the first time. Keywords: chemical vapor deposition; circular domains; hexagonal boron nitride; self-aligned arrays; single-crystal arrays EN chemical vapor deposition circular domains hexagonal boron nitride self-aligned arrays single-crystal arrays 1 6 6 10/06/21 20151101 NES 151101 B A h-BN self-aligned single-crystal array (SASCA) b that exhibits orderly alignment and uniformly distribution is controllably synthesized on a liquid Cu surface for the first time. The magnified SEM image of the typical snowflakes h-BN domain is shown in Figure c. In addition, the size of the h-BN SASCA domains can also be applied for statistical treatment from the h-BN SASCA with snowflakes in Figure b. It can be found that the average size of h-BN domains was 7 m as statistically shown in Figure d. This provides a facilitated method to estimate the h-BN domain size in the SASCA. The boundaries were marked by white dotted lines. c) Enlarged image of the single h-BN domain in (b). d) Typical diagram of the size distribution of h-BN single-crystals. gl For fabricating higher integrated electronic devices, the insulating nature of h-BN SASCA is extremely critical. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: unruptured intracranial dissecting aneurysms; pipeline endovascular device; outcomes; complications; treatment EN unruptured intracranial dissecting aneurysms pipeline endovascular device outcomes complications treatment 1 1 1 01/10/22 20220105 NES 220105 In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 3, as published. Outcomes, complications, treatment, unruptured intracranial dissecting aneurysms, pipeline endovascular device. [Extracted from the article]

Traditional long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) materials, which are based on inorganic systems containing rare elements and with preparation temperatures of at least 1000 °C, exhibit afterglow times of more than 10 h and can be tuned for different applications. However, the development of this field is hindered due to the large thermal energy consumption and the need for nonrenewable resources. Thus, the development of a "green" design and preparation of LPL materials is of some importance. A doped‐crystalline material based on two metal‐free organic small molecules is easily prepared through ultrasonic crystallization at room temperature. It has a high‐quality, single‐crystalline structure, and visible LPL performance with a duration of more than 6 s upon low‐energy photoexcitation. A green, flexible, and convenient screen‐printing technology for controllable pattern anticounterfeiting is then developed from this purely organic material, which improves the prospects for commercial utilization in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In view of the current problem of severely abandoning wind and photovoltaic in the wind‐photovoltaic‐hydro‐thermal‐energy storage, a multi‐energy complementary coordinated dispatch method for the integrated system of wind‐photovoltaic‐hydro‐thermal‐energy storage is proposed. First of all, the power output of wind and photovoltaic is simulated using the improved Markov chain. Secondly, the load demand, the minimum economic output of thermal power units, and the force output of hydropower units are determined. The feasible operation region of renewable energy power generation is also calculated. Then, the power generation of wind and photovoltaic is prioritized within the feasible operation region of renewable energy power generation. On this basis, the dispatch strategy of hydropower is formulated according to plan for water. Finally, aiming at the minimum cost of thermal power units and life attenuation comprehensively of energy storage within dispatch period, the dispatch strategy for thermal power units and energy storage is proposed. The particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the optimal objective function. The instance shows the correctness and validity of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical vapor deposition, circular domains, hexagonal boron nitride, self-aligned arrays, single-crystal arrays Keywords: chemical vapor deposition; circular domains; hexagonal boron nitride; self-aligned arrays; single-crystal arrays EN chemical vapor deposition circular domains hexagonal boron nitride self-aligned arrays single-crystal arrays 1 1 1 10/06/21 20151101 NES 151101 A hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) self-aligned single-crystal array (SASCA) is reported by Lei Fu and co-workers in article number 1500223. Single-Crystal Arrays: Self-Aligned Single-Crystalline Hexagonal Boron Nitride Arrays: Toward Higher Integrated Electronic Devices (Adv. [Extracted from the article]

Background: With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), medicine has entered the era of intelligent medicine, and various aspects, such as medical education and talent cultivation, are also being redefined. The cultivation of clinical thinking abilities poses a formidable challenge even for seasoned clinical educators, as offline training modalities often fall short in bridging the divide between current practice and the desired ideal. Consequently, there arises an imperative need for the expeditious development of a web-based database, tailored to empower physicians in their quest to learn and hone their clinical reasoning skills., Objective: This study aimed to introduce an app named "XueYiKu," which includes consultations, physical examinations, auxiliary examinations, and diagnosis, incorporating AI and actual complete hospital medical records to build an online-learning platform using human-computer interaction., Methods: The "XueYiKu" app was designed as a contactless, self-service, trial-and-error system application based on actual complete hospital medical records and natural language processing technology to comprehensively assess the "clinical competence" of residents at different stages. Case extraction was performed at a hospital's case data center, and the best-matching cases were differentiated through natural language processing, word segmentation, synonym conversion, and sorting. More than 400 teaching cases covering 65 kinds of diseases were released for students to learn, and the subjects covered internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and obstetrics, and pediatrics. The difficulty of learning cases was divided into four levels in ascending order. Moreover, the learning and teaching effects were evaluated using 6 dimensions covering systematicness, agility, logic, knowledge expansion, multidimensional evaluation indicators, and preciseness., Results: From the app's first launch on the Android platform in May 2019 to the last version updated in May 2023, the total number of teacher and student users was 6209 and 1180, respectively. The top 3 subjects most frequently learned were respirology (n=606, 24.1%), general surgery (n=506, 20.1%), and urinary surgery (n=390, 15.5%). For diseases, pneumonia was the most frequently learned, followed by cholecystolithiasis (n=216, 14.1%), benign prostate hyperplasia (n=196, 12.8%), and bladder tumor (n=193, 12.6%). Among 479 students, roughly a third (n=168, 35.1%) scored in the 60 to 80 range, and half of them scored over 80 points (n=238, 49.7%). The app enabled medical students' learning to become more active and self-motivated, with a variety of formats, and provided real-time feedback through assessments on the platform. The learning effect was satisfactory overall and provided important precedence for establishing scientific models and methods for assessing clinical thinking skills in the future., Conclusions: The integration of AI and medical education will undoubtedly assist in the restructuring of education processes; promote the evolution of the education ecosystem; and provide new convenient ways for independent learning, interactive communication, and educational resource sharing., (© Heng Wang, Danni Zheng, Mengying Wang, Hong Ji, Jiangli Han, Yan Wang, Ning Shen, Jie Qiao. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org).)

Afferent baroreflex failure (ABF) is a rare disease. It refers to the clinical syndrome caused by the impairment of the afferent limb of the baroreflex or its central connections at the level of the medulla. The recognized causes include trauma, surgery in related areas (radical neck tumor surgery, carotid endarterectomy), neck radiotherapy, brain stem stroke, tumor growth paraganglioma and hereditary diseases, among which the most common cause is extensive neck surgery or radiotherapy for neck cancer. The main manifestations are fluctuating hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, paroxysmal tachycardia and bradycardia. This case is a young man, whose main feature is blood pressure fluctuation, accom-panied by neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH). After examination, the common causes of hypertension and nOH were ruled out. Combined with the previous neck radiotherapy and neck lymph node dissection, it was considered that the blood pressure regulation was abnormal due to the damage of carotid sinus baroreceptor after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and neck lymph node dissection, which was called ABF. At the same time, the patient was complicated with chronic hyponatremia. Combined with clinical and laboratory examination, the final consideration was caused by syndrome of in- appropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Baroreceptors controlled the secretion of heart rate, blood pressure and antidiuretic hormone through the mandatory "inhibition" signal. We speculate that the carotid sinus baroreceptor was damaged after neck radiotherapy and surgery, which leads to abnormal blood pressure regulation and nOH, while the function of inhibiting ADH secretion was weakened, resulting in higher ADH than normal level and mild hyponatremia. The goal of treating ABF patients was to reduce the frequency and amplitude of sudden changes in blood pressure and heart rate, and to alleviate the onset of symptomatic hypotension. At present, drug treatment is still controversial, and non-drug treatment may alleviate some patients' symptoms, but long-term effective treatment still needs further study. The incidence of ABF is not high, but it may lead to serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and the mechanism involved is extremely complicated, and there are few related studies. The reports of relevant medical records warn that patients undergoing neck radiotherapy or surgery should minimize the da-mage to the baroreceptor in the carotid sinus in order to reduce the adverse prognosis caused by complications.

Objective: To evaluate whether index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling in acute anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI)., Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. The patients with first anterior STEMI who received PPCI from January 2014 to August 2017 in Peking University Third Hospital was enrolled. After PPCI, IMR was measured immediately by using pressure/temperature guidewire. The success rate of IMR measurement was 100%. Also we collected some related clinical data from the medical records and laboratory results. Infarct size [assessed as creatine kinase (CK) peak], echocardiography at baseline and 1 year follow-up were assessed. LV adverse remodeling (LVAR) was defined as ≥20% increase in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV)., Results: A total of forty-three patients were enrolled, with an average age of (58.7±12.4) years.The patients were divided into two groups as IMR ≤25 and IMR>25 by normal values recommended by previous literature. Compared with IMR ≤25 group, IMR>25 group had a higher percentage of initial thrombolysis in myocardial infraction (TIMI) grade 0 (95.7% vs. 65.0%, P =0.029), higher serum CK peak value [4 090 (383, 15 833) vs. 1 580 (396, 5 583), P =0.004]. The IMR>25 group suffered higher rates of ventricular aneurysm (30.4% vs. 5.0%, P =0.021). There was no difference in LVEDV [(111.0±18.8) mL vs. (115.0±23.6) mL, P =0.503] between the two groups 1 day after MI, but after 1 year, LVEDV in IMR>25 group was significantly higher than in IMR≤25 group [(141.5±33.7) mL vs. (115.9±27.9) mL, P =0.018]. The incidence of LVAR was more significant in IMR>25 group (47.4% vs. 11.8%, P =0.024). Binary Logistics regression showed that IMR [ B =0.079, exp( B ) (95% CI )=1.082 (1.018－1.149), P =0.011] and serum triglyceride level [ B =1.610, exp( B ) (95% CI )=5.005 (1.380－18.152), P =0.014] were the predictors of LVAR 1 year after MI. IMR had a good predictive value for LVAR 1 year after MI [area under the curve (AUC)=0.749, P =0.019], IMR>29 was a good cutoff value with sensitivity 81.8% and specificity 68.0%., Conclusion: Our study elaborates that immediate measurement of IMR after PPCI in patients with STEMI can reflect the microvascular function.And IMR could be used as a quantitative biomarker to predict LVAR after STEMI.

Objective: Flow diverters (FDs) have been used in unruptured intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (IVADAs) with seemingly more favorable outcomes compared with stent-assisted coiling (SAC). However, the benefits of FDs over SAC in unruptured IVADAs need further evaluation., Methods: This was a propensity score-matched, retrospective cohort study. Consecutive patients with unruptured IVADAs treated with FDs or SAC at the authors' hospital between January 2016 and December 2020 were reviewed. Propensity score matching at 1:1 was based on age, significant stenosis adjacent to aneurysmal dilatation, maximum diameter, and posterior inferior cerebellar artery involvement. Periprocedural cerebrovascular complications and angiographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the two matched groups., Results: A total of 124 unruptured IVADAs in 123 patients (median age 53 [interquartile range 47-59] years; 101 men) were included. The FD and SAC groups included 65 and 59 IVADAs, respectively. Propensity score matching resulted in 47 matched pairs. The rates of immediate complete occlusion were significantly lower in the matched FD group than in the matched SAC group (6.4% vs 68.1%, p < 0.001). The rates of periprocedural cerebrovascular complications were comparable between the two matched groups (6.4% vs 6.4%, p > 0.99). At last follow-up, the rates of complete occlusion (89.4% vs 80.9%, p = 0.39) and favorable clinical outcomes (100.0% vs 97.9%, p > 0.99) were comparable, whereas the rate of recanalization was significantly lower in the matched FD group than in the matched SAC group (0.0% vs 12.8%, p = 0.03). Although the difference between the rates of in-stent stenosis was not statistically significant (17.0% vs 6.4%, p = 0.18), the difference in the effect measures was considerable., Conclusions: In unruptured IVADAs and compared with SAC, FDs provide comparable rates of periprocedural cerebrovascular complications, favorable clinical outcomes, and follow-up complete occlusion, lower rates of immediate complete occlusion and follow-up recanalization, and likely higher rates of in-stent stenosis.

Introduction: Smoking is a common risk factor for stroke in the young population. Intracranial artery dissection (ICAD) is a major cause of stroke in this population. However, the association between smoking and ICAD in young patients is not well characterized. We aimed to evaluate the association between smoking and ICAD in young individuals using propensity score-matched analysis., Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients aged <50 years with ICAD who were admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. Patients with other non-atherosclerotic/non-aneurysmal cerebrovascular diseases were selected as controls. Propensity score matching was based on age and sex. Smoking and other vascular risk factors were compared between the two groups., Results: The ICAD and control group included 120 and 197 patients, respectively. Propensity score matching resulted in 70 matched pairs. Smoking was the only significant factor association with ICAD in the matched cohort (p=0.031)., Conclusions: In this propensity score-matched analysis, smoking showed a positive association with ICAD in young patients with common cerebrovascular diseases that were neither atherosclerotic nor aneurysmal. Further studies are required to investigate the predictive role of smoking for ICAD in the young population., Competing Interests: The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none was reported., (© 2023 Han J. et al.)

Objective: Morphological risk factors for the rupture of intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (IVADAs) have not been well characterized. In this study, we aim to identify morphological characteristics associated with IVADA rupture., Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 249 consecutive patients with single IVADAs (31 ruptured and 218 unruptured) admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. Various morphological parameters were measured using three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography images. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify morphological characteristics associated with IVADA rupture., Results: Univariate regression analysis revealed that the coexistence of significant proximal and distal stenosis and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) involvement were associated with IVADA rupture, while the origin from the dominant vertebral artery was inversely associated with the rupture. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the coexistence of significant proximal and distal stenosis (OR 22.00, 95% CI 5.60 to 86.70, p<0.001) and PICA involvement (OR 4.55, 95% CI 1.36 to 15.20, p=0.014) were independently associated with IVADA rupture., Conclusion: The coexistence of significant proximal and distal stenosis and PICA involvement were independently associated with IVADA rupture. These morphological characteristics may facilitate the assessment of rupture risk in patients with IVADAs., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: The authors undertook an evaluation of periprocedural cerebrovascular complications and 30-day outcomes of endovascular treatment for intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (IVADAs) and assessed the relevant risk factors., Methods: The authors included a series of 195 patients who had undergone endovascular treatment for 198 IVADAs. Clinical data, morphological characteristics, treatment details, and periprocedural cerebrovascular complications including intraprocedural rupture, intraprocedural thrombosis, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), transient ischemic attack (TIA), and ischemic stroke (IS) were recorded. After evaluation of the 30-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, the authors applied univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify the risk factors for complications and 30-day unfavorable clinical outcomes., Results: There were no intraprocedural ruptures, but the authors recorded intraprocedural thrombosis (n = 5), ICH (n = 3), TIA (n = 1), and IS (n = 13), comprising an 11.1% (22/198) complication rate. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that hyperlipidemia (odds ratio [OR] 3.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-8.41, p = 0.020), IS history (OR 5.55, 95% CI 1.46-21.01, p = 0.012), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (OR 4.48, 95% CI 1.52-13.20, p = 0.007) were risk factors for overall complications, whereas aneurysmal height (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.98, p = 0.032) was a protective factor. SAH (OR 6.44, 95% CI 1.54-26.89, p = 0.011) and preprocedural mRS score > 2 (OR 5.07, 95% CI 1.01-25.59, p = 0.049) were independent risk factors for perforator occlusion stroke. Periprocedural cerebrovascular complications (OR 32.09, 95% CI 3.00-343.94, p = 0.004) and preprocedural mRS score > 2 (OR 319.92, 95% CI 30.28-3379.98, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for 30-day unfavorable clinical outcomes., Conclusions: Hyperlipidemia, IS history, and SAH were independent predictors for overall periprocedural cerebrovascular complications of endovascular treatment for IVADAs, but aneurysmal height was an independent protective factor. SAH and preprocedural mRS score > 2 were independent risk factors for perforator occlusion stroke. Preprocedural mRS score > 2 and periprocedural complications were independent risk factors for 30-day unfavorable clinical outcomes.

Anodization is a promising technique to form high- k dielectrics for low-power organic field-effect transistor (OFET) applications. However, the surface quality of the dielectric, which is mainly inherited from the metal electrode, can be improved further than other fabrication techniques, such as sol-gel. In this study, we applied the template stripping method to fabricate a low-power single-crystalline OFET based on the anodized AlO x dielectric. We found that the template stripping method largely improves the surface roughness of the deposited Al and allows for the formation of a high-quality AlO x high- k dielectric by anodization. The ultraflat AlO x /SAM dielectric combined with a single-crystal 2,6-diphenylanthracene (DPA) semiconductor produced a nearly defect-free interface with a steep subthreshold swing (SS) of 66 mV/decade. The current device is a promising candidate for future ultralow-power applications. Other than metal deposition, template stripping could provide a general approach to improve thin-film quality for many other types of materials and processes.

Objective: To investigate the effect of glucocorticosteroids on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and chest X ray changes after discontinuation of glucocorticosteroids treatment., Methods: To retrospectively study the clinical characteristics of 5 cases with SARS and chest X ray changes after discontinuation of glucocorticosteroids., Results: 5 cases were medical workers and had exposure to SARS patients. The incubation periods were 2 to 7 days. They had high fever from the onset of the disease. There were lung infiltrates 1 to 6 days after fever and then methylprednisolone was given to them. Two or three days after glucocorticosteroids treatment, clinical symptoms in these patients were disappeared. The clinical symptoms in case 1, cases 2, case 4 and case 5 weren't deteriorated after discontinuation of methylprednisolone while the presentation in chest X ray was progressed 3-6 days later. No more methylprednisolone was given to the patients and the infiltrates in chest X ray was gradually absorbed in 5-11 days. The temperature in case 3 was elevated again and the shadow in chest X ray was progressed after discontinuation of methylprednisolone due to the low dosage of glucocorticosteroids. When the dosage of methylprednisolone was increased, the temperature tended to be normal and the lung infiltrates began to absorb gradually., Conclusion: For the patients with non-severe SARS, if the symptoms were disappeared after discontinuation of glucocorticosteroids, the lung shadow may be progressed. we can closely observe the condition of the disease and no more glucocortisteroids needed to be given to the patients. The lung shadow could be absorbed gradually.