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Hend Mamdoh,1 Khaled M Hassanein,2 Lobna Farag Eltoony,3 Walaa A Khalifa,3 Entsar Hamed,2 Taher Obaid Alshammari,4 Doaa M Abd El-Kareem,5 Mohamed A El-Mokhtar2 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut, Egypt; 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Mohammed Medical City, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptCorrespondence: Mohamed A El-Mokhtar, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, Email elmokhtarma@aun.edu.egBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, foot ulcers and amputations due to diabetes are very common in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) infections, isolate the causative agent, and analyze the biofilm formation and distribution of biofilm-related genes among isolated Staphylococci.Material and Methods: The study included 100 diabetic patients suffering from DFUs attending Assiut University Hospital. Swabs were collected and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed. Biofilm formation was tested phenotypically among staphylococcal isolates and the frequency of different biofilm genes was analyzed by PCR. Clinical presentations of diabetic foot ulcers were correlated with bacterial genetic characteristics. Spa types were determined using DNA Gear-a software.Results: Microbiological analysis showed that 94/100 of the DFUs were positive for bacterial growth. The majority of infections were polymicrobial (54%, n=54/100). Staphylococci were the most commonly detected organisms, of which S. aureus represented 37.5% (n=24/64), S. haemolyticus 23.4% (n=15/64), S. epidermidis 34.3% (n=22/64) and other CNS 4.7% (n=3/64). Interestingly, co-infection with more than one species of Staphylococci was observed in 17.1% (n=11/64) of samples. A high level of antibiotic resistance was observed, where 78.1% (n=50/64) of Staphylococci spp were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Phenotypic detection showed that all isolated Staphylococci were biofilm-formers with different grades. Analysis of biofilm-forming genes among Staphylococci showed that the most predominant genes were icaD, spa, and bap. Isolates with a higher number of biofilm-related genes were associated with strong biofilm formation. Sequencing of the spa gene in S. aureus showed that our isolates represent a collection of 17 different spa types.Conclusion: The majority of DFUs in our hospital are polymicrobial. Staphylococci other than S.aureus are major contributors to infected DFUs. MDR and biofilm formation are marked among isolates, which is paralleled by the presence of different categories of virulence-related genes. All severely infected wounds were associated with either strong or intermediate biofilm formers. The severity of DFU is directly related to the number of biofilm genes.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, biofilm formation, Staphylococci, diabetic foot ulcers, ica genes

The yellow polyphenolic pigment known as curcumin, originating from the rhizome of the turmeric plant Curcuma longa L., has been utilized for ages in ancient medicine, as well as in cooking and food coloring. Recently, the biological activities of turmeric and curcumin have been thoroughly investigated. The studies mainly focused on their antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective impacts. This review seeks to provide an in-depth, detailed discussion of curcumin usage within the food processing industries and its effect on health support and disease prevention. Curcumin’s bioavailability, bio-efficacy, and bio-safety characteristics, as well as its side effects and quality standards, are also discussed. Finally, curcumin’s multifaceted uses, food appeal enhancement, agro-industrial techniques counteracting its instability and low bioavailability, nanotechnology and focused drug delivery systems to increase its bioavailability, and prospective clinical use tactics are all discussed.

Sameh Roshdy,1 Osama Hussein,1 Ashraf Khater,1 Mohammad Zuhdy,1 Hend A El-Hadaad,2 Omar Farouk,1 Ahmad Senbel,1 Adel Fathi,1 Emadeldeen Hamed,1 Adel Denewer1 1Department of Surgical Oncology, Mansoura Oncology Center, 2Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Background: Although therapeutic mammoplasty (TM) was introduced for treatment of localized ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast carcinoma (stages I and II) in females with large breast size, the suitability of medial pedicle TM for treatment of breast tumors at different locations has not been established. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and esthetic outcome of medial pedicle TM for breast tumors at different locations. Methods: The study was conducted from February 2012 to July 2014. Consecutive patients with early breast carcinoma with medium- and large-sized breasts, with or without ptosis, who were offered medial pedicle TM were included in the study. Patients who were not candidates for breast-conserving surgery or those with tumors located along the medial pedicle were excluded. All patients received immediate postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Results: Thirty patients with a mean age of 48.5 years received medial pedicle TM in the breast harboring the tumor or, additionally, the other breast (N=14). The tumors were in the upper (60.0%), lower (26.7%), and lateral (13.3%) quadrants. Minor complications occurred in five cases (5/30, 16.7%) in the ipsilateral and in two (2/14, 14.3%) contralateral breasts. No wound dehiscence or areolar necrosis was recorded. A total of 22 (73.3%) patients were scored as excellent cosmesis. After a median follow-up of 20 months, no locoregional recurrence or distant metastases were observed. Conclusion: TM using a medial pedicle is a safe and appealing technique among women with tumors at different locations. Keywords: therapeutic mammoplasty, medial pedicle, breast cancer, mastectomy

BACKGROUND: Most studies of Campylobacter infection triggering Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) are conducted in western nations were Campylobacter infection and immunity is relatively rare. In this study, we explored Campylobacter infections, Campylobacter serotypes, autoantibodies to gangliosides, and GBS in Egypt, a country where Campylobacter exposure is common. METHODS: GBS cases (n = 133) were compared to age- and hospital-matched patient controls (n = 374). A nerve conduction study was performed on cases and a clinical history, serum sample, and stool specimen obtained for all subjects. RESULTS: Most (63.3%) cases were demyelinating type; median age four years. Cases were more likely than controls to have diarrhea (29.5% vs. 22.5%, Adjusted Odds Ratio (ORa) = 1.69, P = 0.03), to have higher geometric mean IgM anti-Campylobacter antibody titers (8.18 vs. 7.25 P

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Citrus aurantium L. hydrosol extracted by steam distillation from its flowers is a highly consumed herbal product in the Iranian traditional market, widely used as a food flavor and therapeutic food and drinks. This study investigated ten commercial hydrosol samples of C. aurantium flowers produced by conventional extraction methods and industrial processes, as well as a laboratory-prepared control sample. A liquid-liquid extraction method and sonication were used to extract essential oils from commercial hydrosols. Samples were then subjected to GC/MS analysis. ATR-IR spectroscopy was another efficient tool used to analyze hydrosol samples. All HPTLC chromatograms exhibited a close resemblance between samples and controls. The cluster analysis was used to compare the results of GC/MS and IR screening. In the HCA dendrograms derived from the GC/MS data, most of the oil sample profiles were found to be very similar to those of the control. Linalool was the most abundant compound in eight samples and the control. α-Terpineol in all hydrosol samples and geraniol in five samples and control were other marker compounds. Ethyl disulfide, dillapiol, and hotrienol were detected in two samples that have not been reported in previous studies and might have resulted from the addition of other herbal hydrosols. Microbial content and pH values were within permissible limits in all samples, making them safe for oral consumption.

Khosro Abad iron ore deposit is located 130 km of Kermanshah, 30 km northeast of Sonqor city close to Khosro Abad village, in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. Based on the field observation, exposed units in the area include; basaltic-andesite volcanic rocks and limestone of the Sonqor Volcanic-Sedimentary Complex. The quartz-monzonite body intruded the sequence and caused a contact metamorphism of up to greenschist facies, and development of hydrothermal alteration halos. Discharged iron bearing hydrothermal fluid destabilized due to physicochemical changes and deposited the iron ore in the contact of limestone, basaltic-andesite and quartz-monzonite intrusion. Control of iron ore mineralization by the contact of quartz-monzonite and volcano-sedimentary sequence and presence of skarn mineralogy is evidence of skarn mineralization in Khosrow Abad. Geophysical survey was carried out using magnetometry technique (1305 stations), covering an area of 3.6 Km2 for defining the high potential areas of iron mineralization and depth estimation. In this research, total magnetic, reduction to pole, analytical signal, and upward continuation maps were prepared, and based on the obtained results four anomaly blocks of; An(A)-An(A´)-An(B)-An(C) were identified. An(C) anomaly is shallower than the others and extend approximately down to 50 meters, while other anomalies are much deeper. The maximum magnetic anomaly in total field intensity and RTP maps is 46426.1 and 49474.6 nanotesla, respectively, along a northeast-southwest trend, aligned with the contact of meta-andesite-basalt and crystallized limestone units. Introduction The magnetometric exploration technique is one of the low-cost, widely used, and indirect methods for mineral exploration and tracking of oxidizing intrusive bodies containing Fe-Ti oxides, such as magnetite, titanomagnetite, and titanohematite, as well as some iron sulfides such as pyrrhotite (Donohue et al., 2012). The Khosrow Abad iron ore deposit is located in west Iran’s iron metallogenic zone of the Sonqor series. It is located northwest of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone; northeast of the Sonqor town (Kermanshah province) (Ghorbani, 2007) in Sonqor-Baneh volcanic belt (Azizi and Moinevaziri, 2009). In the northeast of Sonqor, hypabyssal acidic intrusive bodies penetrated the Upper Jurassic rock units, including basaltic meta-andesite volcanic rocks and limy slates (calc-shale), causing skarn development and iron ore mineralization. Mineralization is mainly hosted in the meta basaltic andesite unit's skarn zone, differentiating it from other common carbonate-hosted skarn deposits (e.g., Ebrahimi Fard et al., 2022a; Ebrahimi Fard et al., 2022b). The main purpose of current research is to examine the magnetometric geophysical explorations' accuracy in detecting possible ore zones as well as the depth of oxidized (magnetic) intrusive bodies and current emplacement depth and possible associated mineralization. The main challenges were locating the magnetite ore zone covered by recent alluvium and ore zone has limited exposure, and skarn ore facies without classic carbonates as a host rock. Calc-silicate minerals in association with oxide and sulfide minerals formed the skarn zones in the Khosrow Abad deposit. Magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, garnet, clinopyroxene, sodic plagioclase (albite), actinolite, epidote, chlorite, calcite, quartz, and iron hydroxides such as hematite, goethite, and limonite are the main constitute of the skarn zones. The main fracture system in the Khosrow Abad is a large strike-slip fault with an approximately north-south (NNW-SSE) trend and more than 80 degrees dip towards the east. Iron ore mineralization is mainly located in the eastern edge of this fault which formed a shear zone in the metamorphosed volcanic unit. Material and methods Based on the geological map, field observations, geological structures, mineralization limited exposure, and geophysical exploration were carried out perpendicular to apparent structures (probable veins and faults trend) along the northwest-southeast direction. The exploration pattern of the survey was, 25 10 m (profile distance of 25 m and 10 m reading intervals) in the ore zone and a 20 25 m pattern in surrounding rocks (1350 stations). Measurements were carried out by a Proton magnetometer model G856 manufactured by Geometrics. Magnetic surveys were mainly focused on meta basaltic andesite and quartz monzonite units. Qualitative and quantitative data processing and interpretations of data were carried out by using Geosoft Oasis Montaj and Magmap software. The highest field intensity recorded in the area is 52049 nT and the lowest recorded is 43619 nT, which according to the IGRF of 47515nT, is possibly due to the changes caused by the presence of medium-grade magnetite mineralization. Discussion In the total magnetic intensity map, magnetic anomalies were detected with the northwest-southeast trend which is related to discontinuous lenses along the main fault. In the IGRF-REM map, the maximum intensity value of anomalies is equal to 4534 nanotesla. All 4 detected anomalies; (A), (A´), (B), and (C) are high-intensity anomalies in this range. Anomaly (C) is marked on the map with moderate to relatively weak intensity. The upward continuation map indicates that the ore zone continues at least to a depth of more than 70 meters. The Euler's deconvolution method shows an estimate of the anomaly depth, An(C) anomaly is shallower than the others and has a depth of about 50 meters. Based on Spector and Grant's method, the estimated depth of Khosrow Abad iron ore mineralization is about 0.03 km, which is a reasonable estimate. The minimum depth of anomalies in most areas is about 30 meters. The model prepared by Encom Quickmag software shows that linear anomalies are located in line with the regional faults and parallel to each other with medium depth. For validation of the modeling results, based on the data interpretation (analytical signal map, pole-to-pole map, and transversal continuation), several drilling points were proposed for borehole drilling. Conclusion Based on the geophysical data processing and interpretation (analytical signal map, reduction to pole map, and upward continuation) as well as modeling results, several locations were proposed for borehole drilling. The BH-1 borehole is located in the An (A) block anomaly central point, and according to the core logging data, this anomaly is introduced as an anomaly with good intensity, and according to the continuation map with a depth of more than 30 meters is almost match the geophysical interpretation and model. After the drilling campaign, it was discovered that geophysical prediction shows a good agreement with the drilling data, which confirms the effectiveness of the proper design and implemented geophysical survey for iron ore exploration in the Khosrow Abad deposit, which could be used for other skarn iron ore deposits of the region.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of various corrective exercises and supportive tools in individuals with genu valgum. To ensure a comprehensive review, a search for original research, review articles, and clinical trials in both Persian and English was conducted using databases such as WOS, SID, ISC, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search covered publications during January 2008 to March 2023. A total of 76 relevant articles were selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 22 articles ultimately reviewed and analyzed regarding the effects of various corrective exercises and supportive tools on genu valgum. Findings from one study indicated that aerobic exercises had a significant impact on reducing body mass index (BMI) and the severity of genuvalgum. Other studies reported positive effects of resistance and corrective exercises on improving muscle electrical activity and knee stability. One study demonstrated that the use of orthotic insoles could significantly enhance knee joint support during stair descent. Six studies highlighted the positive effects of using orthoses, wedges, and braces in individuals with genu valgum. Conversely, one study pointed out the negative impact of these tools, citing the reduced limiting angle of the brace, increased applied forces, and, ultimately, greater injury risk. However, findings from three studies overwhelmingly supported the positive effects of using kinesiotape in individuals with genu valgum, providing optimism about the effectiveness of these interventions. In conclusion, our review underscores the promising potential of corrective exercises, particularly resistance exercises with TheraBand, and the combination of these with supportive tools such as insoles for arch support and kinesiotape. These interventions show significant promise in reducing the degree of knee valgus in individuals with genu valgum. This hopeful outlook can inspire healthcare professionals and individuals seeking evidence-based interventions for genu valgum, empowering them with the knowledge to make informed decisions about their care.

Abstract Temperature-responsive liquid chromatography (TRLC) offers a promising alternative to reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) for environmentally friendly analytical techniques by utilizing pure water as a mobile phase, eliminating the need for harmful organic solvents. TRLC columns, packed with temperature-responsive polymers coupled to silica particles, exhibit a unique retention mechanism influenced by temperature-induced polymer hydration. An investigation of the physicochemical parameters driving separation at high and low temperatures is crucial for better column manufacturing and selectivity control. Assessment of predictability using a dataset of 139 molecules analyzed at different temperatures elucidated the molecular descriptors (MDs) relevant to retention mechanisms. Linear regression, support vector regression (SVR), and tree-based ensemble models were evaluated, with no standout performer. The precision, accuracy, and robustness of models were validated through metrics, such as r and mean absolute error (MAE), and statistical analysis. At $$45\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 45 ∘ C , logP predominantly influenced retention, akin to reversed-phase columns, while at $$5^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 5 ∘ C , complex interactions with lipophilic and negative MDs, along with specific functional groups, dictated retention. These findings provide deeper insights into TRLC mechanisms, facilitating method development and maximizing column potential.

This study was conducted to isolate and identify potent pigment producers. From thirty-three fungal isolates, one isolate (FPO2) which isolated from yoghurt samples was able to produce an extracellular orange pigment. The fungal isolate was identified as M. ruber. Among the tested culture media, potato dextrose broth (PDB) was the most suitable medium for the maximum orange pigment secretion. The supplementation PDB with mannitol at concentration 1.5% the maximum orange pigment was produced by M. ruber. On the other hand, the addition of any nitrogen source to the medium led to decrease in orange pigment production. Pigment production gradually increased as the incubation period increased, reaching the maximum value (O.D460 2.856) after 9 days. Additionally, 2% inoculum size was found to be optimum for pigment production under shaking conditions (150 rpm) at pH 7.0 when the fungus grown at 28 °C in darkness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health care workers (HCWs) may be at a variable risk of SARS-CoV2 infection. Regardless of their involvement in providing direct clinical treatment, most of the prior research had included all HCWs. Understanding infection rates, risk factors and outcomes among different subgroups of HCWs is crucial. From February 28, 2020 to January 1, 2022, we conducted a retrospective analysis encompassing all full-time non-clinical staff (NCS) subcontracted with Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) facilities. To determine current or previous SARS-CoV2 infection, all personnel underwent RT-PCR and/or serology testing. To identify the demographic factors linked to the risk of infection, we utilized Cox-Hazard regression analysis. Herein 3158/6231 (50.7%) subcontracted NCS tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or serology during the research period. The median age was 30 years (IQR 25,35), 69.8% of the population were males, 82.4% were from South Asia, 86.6% did not have any concomitant conditions. 6032 (96.8%) of the population lived in shared housing, while 4749 (76.2%) had low to median levels of education. While infection (PCR positive with or without seropositive results) was independently predicted by male gender, working in the catering, laundry, and security sectors and being intermediate (7–12 years of education), lower (0–6 years of education), higher (exposure to confirmed case), and having symptoms. Male gender, working in the security sectors and being intermediate (7–12 years of education) were independently associated with accidently detected cases (PCR negative and seropositive). 299 (4.8%) required hospitalization, of them 3 cases were severe pneumonia and one required ICU admission without mechanical ventilation, with no deaths reported. In conclusion Infection rates among NCS are high. The majority are asymptomatic and may contribute to ongoing illness spread in the public or in healthcare facilities. During a pandemic, routine screening of this population is crucial and may aid in containing the spread of infection.

Liver fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease, its resolution still unclear, and the current study explored the role of melatonin in modulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-4 (IL-4), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-ß1) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein/Endo180 (uPARAP/Endo180) pathway in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty two adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: vehicle control group, TAA-induced liver fibrosis group that was left untreated, melatonin administration before and along with TAA and melatonin along with TAA group. TTA-induced massive liver necrosis, fibrosis around portal tract and increases serum levels of liver enzymes and total bilirubin when compared with control vehicle group. While both melatonin pretreatment and treatment retained liver parenchyma and liver enzymes quite similar to control group and reduced TAA-induced liver injury. Notably, melatonin pretreatment and treatment increased collagen degradation in TAA liver injury by19, 31.7-fold respectively evidence by collagen percentage area. Melatonin also decreased the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive compounds and retained the reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase to basal level quite similar to control group. Additionally, melatonin significantly (P value =0.05) decreased the levels of TGF-ß1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), hydroxyproline, tissues IL-6, caspase-3, and teceptor interacting serine/threonine kinase1 (RIPK1), fibrillin-1, and - smooth muscle actin in the liver tissues while significantly (P value =0.05) increasing the levels of IL-4 and uPARAP/Endo180. Due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant capabilities as well as its ability to decrease hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrogenesis, these data imply that melatonin has a powerful anti-fibrotic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the efficacy and safety of a new surgical approach for uterine preservation among patients with placenta accreta spectrum in a low-resource setting. The present prospective cohort included 63 women diagnosed with placenta accreta spectrum undergoing cesarean deliveries who desired future fertility at the obstetrics department of Menoufia University Hospital from January 2018 to November 2019. Surgical management involved direct bilateral uterine arteries clamping below placental bed after broad ligament opening by round ligaments division and ligation and gentle downward dissection of vesical from myometrial tissues from lateral aspect toward trigone of the bladder. Outcomes included intraoperative and postoperative adverse events, hysterectomy rate, and postoperative hospitalization. Mean operative blood loss was 1860 ± 537 mL (range, 1040–3111 mL) and the incidence of bladder and ureteric injuries were 6.3% (n = 4) and 0%, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 4.46 ± 1.39 days. Overall, 7 patients (11.1%) required postoperative blood transfusion, and 2 patients (3.2%) required ICU admission. Five patients required peripartum hysterectomy (7.9%). Our conservative surgical approach is a safe alternative to peripartum hysterectomy with high uterine preservation rate, less intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and less need for blood transfusion in low resource settings. ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT 04161521 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Childhood malnutrition is a metabolic condition that affects the physical and mental well‐being of children and leads to resultant disorders in maturity. The development of childhood malnutrition is influenced by a number of physiological and environmental factors including metabolic stress, infections, diet, genetic variables, and gut microbiota. The imbalanced gut microbiota is one of the main environmental risk factors that significantly influence host physiology and childhood malnutrition progression. In this review, we have evaluated the gut microbiota association with undernutrition and overnutrition in children, and then the quantitative and qualitative significance of gut dysbiosis in order to reveal the impact of gut microbiota modification using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and engineering biology methods as new therapeutic challenges in the management of disturbed energy homeostasis. Understanding the host–microbiota interaction and the remote regulation of other organs and pathways by gut microbiota can improve the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches and mitigate the negative consequences of childhood malnutrition.

Abstract Zinc selenide nanoparticles (ZnSe) are semiconductor metals of zinc and selenium. ZnSe NPs are advantageous for biomedical and bio-imaging applications due to their low toxicity. ZnSe NPs can be used as a therapeutic agent by synthesizing those using biologically safe methods. As a novel facet of these NPs, plant-based ZnSe NPs were fabricated from an aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RO extract). Physiochemical analyses such as UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDX and TEM Imaging, XRD and DLS-Zeta potential analyses confirmed the biological fabrication of RO-ZnSe NPs. Additionally, Ro-ZnSe NPs were investigated for their bioactivity. There was an apparent peak in the UV-visible spectrum at 398 nm to confirm the presence of ZnSe NPs. FTIR analysis confirmed RO-extract participation in ZnSe NPs synthesis by identifying putative functional groups associated with biomolecules. TEM and SEM analyses revealed that RO-ZnSe NPs have spherical shapes in the range of 90–100 nm. According to XRD and EDX analysis, RO-ZnSe NPs had a crystallite size of 42.13 nm and contain Se and Zn (1:2 ratio). These NPs demonstrated approximately 90.6% antioxidant and antibacterial activity against a range of bacterial strains at 100 µg/ml. Antibiofilm activity was greatest against Candida glabrata and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 100 g/ml. Accordingly, the IC50 values for anticancer activity against HTB-9, SW742, and HF cell lines were 14.16, 8.03, and 35.35 g/ml, respectively. In light of the multiple applications for ZnSe NPs, our research indicates they may be an excellent option for biological and therapeutic purposes in treating cancers and infections. Therefore, additional research is required to determine their efficacy.

Introduction: Significant corneal flattening and haze are important complications that can occur after combined corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) procedures (CXL Plus). Case Presentation: We present a 24-year-old man who underwent combined standard CXL and PRK. The patient experienced satisfactory vision for approximately 4 years after the surgery. However, after this period, he began to complain of visual blurring. Subsequent examination revealed significant corneal haze, excessive flattening in both eyes, and thinning (thinnest point 227 μm in the right eye, 244 μm in the left eye) 4 years postoperatively. Upon presentation, the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/200 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left eye. The presenting refraction was +2.50 sph, −3.50 cyl *114 in the right eye and +11.5 sph, −9.75 cyl *81 in the left eye. With rigid gas permeable contact lenses, the corrected visual acuity was 20/50 in both eyes. Before the CXL Plus surgery, initial refraction and CDVA were 20/50 in the right eye (−5.50 sph, −3.00 cyl *175) and 20/30 in the left eye (−5.50 sph, −2.75 cyl *175). The patient was treated by penetrating keratoplasty. The CDVA reached 20/30 at the final follow-up. Conclusion: Our report highlights significant corneal haze and flattening that occurred 4 years after combined CXL and PRK treatment. These findings suggest that this procedure might not be safe in suspected patients of keratoconus. Further long-term follow-up research is necessary to evaluate the safety of combined CXL and PRK procedures.

Introduction: Colon cancer is considered one of the most lethal cancers globally, and various factors are thought to be associated with the survival rate of this disease. Identifying these factors is helpful in better management, efficient treatment, and increased patient survival. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of colon cancer patients and their 5-year mortality rates.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 54 patients diagnosed with colon cancer, and their demographic data, comorbidities, clinical and laboratory data were collected. The Spearman non-parametric statistical correlation test was utilized to analyze the relationships between these variables and the 5-year mortality of colon cancer. A P-value

Foot pronation, as one of the prevalent foot abnormalities, can influence the biomechanics of the lower limbs. The use of various foot orthoses, including insoles and braces, is very common in eliminating this problem. The results obtained regarding the effect of orthoses on pain and biomechanics of individuals with foot pronation are different. The present review study was conducted to evaluate the effects of foot orthoses and shoes on the biomechanics of the lower limbs and balance in individuals with foot pronation. The articles were searched in Persian and Latin languages during 2004-22 in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Islamic Science Citation (ISC), and Google Scholar search engine. Moreover, the types of the searched studies were original research, review studies, and clinical trials. Using keywords of Foot pronation, Foot orthoses, Medical soles, and Motion-control shoes, 52 relevant articles were selected, and 22 articles regarding the effects of orthoses and shoes on foot pronation were finally analyzed. Eight articles also reported that reducing forces imposed on the joints, absorbing shock, preventing pronation-related running injuries, and improving muscle activity occurred when using orthosis. Furthermore, 4 articles reported improving sports performance in athletes, reducing the ground reaction forces, and changing the frequency of muscle activity. Finally, 2 articles showed that motion-control shoes prevented intensifying the injury due to increased fatigue and subsequently increased mechanical loading during running. The results of the present study demonstrated that foot orthoses and motion-control shoes could have positive effects on balance, improving the activities of the lower limbs and reducing foot pronation and force imposed on the foot and lower limb joints.

Background:This study aimed to investigate stance phase characteristics and asymmetry in females with non-specific low back pain (LBPP) which they adopt different strategies in walking to reduce pain and enhance walking quality. The results of this research can provide new insight into gait characteristics for individuals with LBPP by examining temporal characteristics and asymmetry in their stance phase during walking. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 36 females were purposefully recruited and divided into two groups: one consisting of 18 individuals with low back pain (LBPP) and the other without LBPP. Data were collected using the Footscan system and analyzed with the Footscan Gait 7 gait generation software. Independent t-tests were employed to compare the outcomes between the two groups. Results: The results indicated that the right (p=0.001) and left (p=0.001) foot progression angles in the low back pain group were higher than those in the healthy group. Additionally, the low back pain group exhibited higher asymmetry in the timings of the initial contact phase (p=0.02) and forefoot contact phase (p=0.02), as well as in foot progression angle asymmetry (p=0.009) compared to the healthy group. Conclusion:Given the higher foot progression angle and observed asymmetries in individuals with low back pain, rehabilitative exercises need to consider these differences when evaluating and planning rehabilitation procedures.

ABSTRACTBackground There were increased claims of thrombotic events in ICU-bound patients with COVID-19. We designed this observational study to examine implementation of systemic anti-coagulation on arterial catheter failure (ACF) and to identify contributing risk factors.Methods A total of 245 COVID-19 subjects were included in this observational study, 48 patients in the non-systemic, (Non-SA), anticoagulation cohort, and 197 patients in the systemic (SA), anticoagulation group. The first arterial line inserted on ICU admission for every patient was monitored regarding its duration of patency, number and location of consecutive arterial lines inserted during stay in ICU. Demographics of patients, ICU parameters and risk factors for ACF were analyzed.Results The percentage of ACF was significantly higher in Non-SA group, 45.8 % when compared to SA group, 25.9%, P = 0.007. The patients with ACF exhibited higher D-dimer, co-morbidities, diabetic patients, received aspirin and mortality than the patent group, respectively, p = 0.002, p = 0.002, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001. This group also received higher sedation and vasopressors consumption and more prone position on mechanical ventilation, respectively, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001 when compared to patent group. They had prolonged length of stay in ICU and hospital, respectively, p = 0.001 and p = 0.042. The cumulative incidence of index ACF was (Log-rank test 6.95, P = 0.008) when comparing SA group versus non-SA group, respectively, P = 0.007. On Cox-proportional hazard multivariate regression analysis, independent predictors of ACF were: platelets level (per 100.000 increase), (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.12–1.74; p = 0.003), blind technique versus ultrasound in arterial line insertion (HR 4.12; 95% CI 1.60–10.67; p = 0.003), and prone position in ICU (HR 2.07; 95% CI 1.180–3.63; p = 0.011).Conclusion We observed three independent predictors of arterial line failure including platelets level and ultrasound use during arterial catheter insertion and prone position in ICU. Systemic anticoagulation was associated with more patency of arterial catheter than prophylactic therapy group.

Abstract Natural gas stands as the most ecologically sustainable fossil fuel, constituting nearly 25% of worldwide primary energy utilization and experiencing rapid expansion. This article offers an extensive comparative analysis of nano filter elements, focusing on pressure drop and pollutant removal efficiency. The primary goal was to assess the superior performance of nano filter elements and their suitability as an alternative for Town Border Station (TBS). The research encompassed a six-month examination period, involving routine pressure assessments, structural examinations, and particle characterization of the filter elements. The results revealed that nano filters showed better performance in adsorbing aluminum than conventional filters, possibly due to their cartridge composition. Nano filters contained phosphorus, sulfur, and copper, while conventional filters lacked these elements. The disparity can be attributed to the finer mesh of the nano filter, capturing smaller pollutants. Although the nano filter had minimal silicon, the conventional filter showed some, posing concerns. Despite having 19 extra pleats, the nano filter maintained gas flow pressure while capturing more particles than the conventional filter.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate and compare clinical outcomes after femtosecond laser-assisted implantation of 325-degree versus 340-degree arc length intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) in eyes with keratoconus (KCN). Methods: In this prospective non-randomized interventional case series, 23 eyes of 21 patients diagnosed with KCN, underwent femtosecond laser-assisted implantation of two types of ICRS, which included a 325-degree ICRS (Group 325) and a 340-degree ICRS (Group 340). The primary outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), and the secondary outcome measures included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), sphere, cylinder, mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), keratometry, vectorial change in corneal astigmatism, and the location of maximum keratometry relative to the corneal apex. The study groups were compared using the primary and secondary outcome measures obtained at postoperative months six and 12. Results: Groups 325 and 340 consisted of 10 and 13 eyes, respectively. The two groups were comparable in terms of parameters measured preoperatively. On comparison to the baseline values, both study groups exhibited a significant increase in UDVA and CDVA measured at postoperative month six (Ps < 0.05) and a significant decrease in the sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent refraction, and keratometry readings measured at postoperative months six and 12 (Ps < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of visual, refractive, and keratometric outcomes at any time point. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed in any of the study groups. Conclusion: Both the 325-degree ICRS and the 340-degree ICRS effectively and equally improved visual, refractive, and keratometric outcomes in keratoconic eyes.

This study evaluated the activity of a newly identified endophytic actinobacterium strain Streptomyces rochei OM182844 as an antifungal agent against soil-borne pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, Sclerotinia rolfsii, and Pythium aphanidermatum. The antifungal activity was performed using Strep. rochei culture and its crude culture filtrate (CCF), and they showed superiority in the antagonistic activity towards the three tested pathogens as inhibition of growth on plates and reduction of mycelial growth weight in broth. Strep. rochei was a high producer of cell-wall degrading enzymes (chitinases and cellulases) as a tool used to degrade pathogenic fungal-cell walls. In addition, the released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were submitted for GC/MS analysis; it showed that the most abundant compounds were Hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester (CAS) followed by iridomyrmecin which have antifungal activities. Hence, the success of our idea of using actinobacteria isolated from healthy plants as a biocontrol agent is a promising point for much research towards the production of unconventional and environmentally safe biocides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endophytic Streptomyces enissocaesilis OM182843 was investigated for its antagonistic activity against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) as well as its ability to produce plant growth regulators. The nematicidal activity was performed using both culture and crude culture filtrate (CCF) of Strep. enissocaesilis. Both caused high mortality and inhibition of egghatching of M. incognita during all experimental intervals. Hydrolytic enzymes (chitinases, proteases and gelatinase), as well as plant growth regulators (indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, and proline), were produced by Strep. enissocaesilis in considerable quantities. Furthermore, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by Strep. enissocaesilis were analyzed by GC/MS and several of them were found to have nematicidal activity, the most abundant being 2,4-Decadienal, (E, Z) (CAS). This study opens new horizons for thinking about the use of microorganisms to combat pathogens such as root-knot nematodes, which avoid the harmful effects of synthetic nematicides, not only this but also can stimulate plant growth and thus provide a double benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical model for the nonlinear dynamic behavior of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loading is developed. The formulation is based on variational principles, dynamic equilibrium conditions, and the nonlinear constitutive behavior of the materials involved. The model focuses on one-way action through the height of the wall, which is modeled as a structural assembly of masonry units connected by mortar joints. The masonry units and the mortar joints are modeled as first-order shear deformable flexural members with large displacements, moderate rotations, and small strains. The cracking and the nonlinear behavior of the mortar material, the opening and closing of cracks, the rocking phenomenon, and the development of a time-dependent arching force are also considered. A numerical study that examines the capabilities of the proposed model and quantifies some aspects of the dynamic behavior of the masonry wall is presented. It is shown that the dynamic behavior of the wall is a nonperiodic or even chaotic one, which is influenced by the various physically and geometrically nonlinear effects. In particular, the geometrically nonlinear effect of the arching action and the critical influence of the nonlinear-cracking behavior of the mortar or its interfaces on the dynamic behavior of the wall are quantified highlighting the necessity of a nonlinear analysis approach for the assessment of the dynamic response of the wall. A comparison between the theoretical results and experimental results available in the literature reveals the degradation of the natural frequency with the increase of the amplitude of the response and demonstrates the ability of the presented modeling and analysis approaches to quantify the dynamic nonlinear response of the wall. CE Database subject headings: Cracking; Dynamic response; Masonry; Nonlinear response; Mathematical models; Walls.

A theoretical approach for the dynamic viscoelastic response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams and one-way slabs strengthened with adhesively bonded composite materials is developed. The analytical model is based on variational principles, dynamic equilibrium, and compatibility of deformations between the structural components (RC beam/slab, adhesive, composite material). The model accounts for the deformability of the adhesive layer and for its high order stress and displacement fields. The equations of motion and the boundary, continuity, and initial conditions are derived via the extended Hamilton's principle. The Kelvin-Voigt approach is adopted for the consideration of the viscoelastic response of the adhesive material and the internal damping in the composite material and the RC member. The Rayleigh damping model is used for the external viscous damping of the RC member. The dynamic governing equations are solved using the Newmark time integration and a multiple shooting algorithm is used for the solution in space. A numerical example is presented to examine the capabilities of the model, to highlight the unique phenomena associated with the viscoelastic response of the adhesive material, and to demonstrate its influence on the local and global behavior. The results obtained using the analytical model show that the viscoelastic response of the adhesive material may significantly modify the critical shear and peeling stresses at the interfaces of the adhesive layer. CE Database subject headings: Bonding; Composite materials; Damping; Mathematical models; Concrete, reinforced; Structural dynamics; Viscoelasticity.

Lowland rice flooding, while consuming considerable water, has adverse environmental effects, including releasing methane into the atmosphere, aggravating climate change. Several drawbacks can be attributed to water-saving alternatives, such as aerobic rice, whereas rice drip irrigation techniques have been evaluated primarily under aerobic conditions. This study investigated drip tape irrigation technique with different lateral spacings for transplanted rice in puddled paddy soil at the Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht over two years (2020 and 2021), compared to intermittent irrigation. In twelve isolated concrete basins, three treatments with lateral spacings of 40 (T40), 60 (T60), and 80 cm (T80), were compared with a fixed five-day period intermittent irrigation (INT). In 2020 and 2021, the INT treatment produced the highest grain yield (3814 and 4758 kg ha−1, respectively) and among drip tape treatments, T40 demonstrated the highest grain yield (3613 and 4020 kg ha−1, respectively), comparable with INT’s yield but with the highest sterile spikelets ratio. In contrast, T80 resulted in the lowest grain weight (2892 and 3653 kg ha−1, respectively) and yield characteristics values, while producing the highest weeds population. Drip tape irrigation significantly reduced water application by 27% and 36% in 2020 and 2021, respectively and T40 achieved the highest water productivity, at 0.68 kg m−3. The economic water productivity estimation of drip tape irrigation can range from 0.11 to 0.51 US$ m−3 in various scenarios, while that of intermittent irrigation remains at 0.25 US$ m−3.

Addiction medicine is a dynamic field that encompasses clinical practice and research in the context of societal, economic, and cultural factors at the local, national, regional, and global levels. This field has evolved profoundly during the past decades in terms of scopes and activities with the contribution of addiction medicine scientists and professionals globally. The dynamic nature of drug addiction at the global level has resulted in a crucial need for developing an international collaborative network of addiction societies, treatment programs and experts to monitor emerging national, regional, and global concerns. This protocol paper presents methodological details of running longitudinal surveys at national, regional, and global levels through the Global Expert Network of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM-GEN). The initial formation of the network with a recruitment phase and a round of snowball sampling provided 354 experts from 78 countries across the globe. In addition, 43 national/regional addiction societies/associations are also included in the database. The surveys will be developed by global experts in addiction medicine on treatment services, service coverage, co-occurring disorders, treatment standards and barriers, emerging addictions and/or dynamic changes in treatment needs worldwide. Survey participants in categories of (1) addiction societies/associations, (2) addiction treatment programs, (3) addiction experts/clinicians and (4) related stakeholders will respond to these global longitudinal surveys. The results will be analyzed and cross-examined with available data and peer-reviewed for publication.

Drought stress and weed infestation are significant factors that significantly decrease cotton yield. Increasing the variety of plants within a cotton field ecosystem can strengthen its stability and protect it from susceptibility to both biotic and abiotic pressures. In this two-year experiment (2021 and 2022), the effects of intercropping systems (four growth conditions including mono- and inter-cropped cotton varieties Golestan and Hekmat with Nepeta crispa and dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica)), irrigation (three intervals of 3, 6, and 9 days), and weed competition (weed-free and weedy plots) on the agronomic performance, physiological characteristics, and seed quality of cotton in a semi-arid region of Iran were studied. In 2021, the volume of irrigation water applied was 9873, 6100, and 4650 m3 ha−1 for irrigation intervals of 3, 6, and 9 days, respectively. In 2022, the volumes were 9071, 5605, and 4272 m3 ha−1 for the corresponding irrigation intervals. Over two years, Xanthium strumarium, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Portulaca oleracea were the dominant weed species. Weeds had the most significant impact on total dry weight; weed control increased plant vigor and growth, ranging from 1.4 to 2.3 times, while weed impact on cottonseed yield ranged from 18% to 96% reduction. Increasing irrigation intervals resulted in reductions in various parameters, with decreases of 39%–80% in total dry weight, 34%–57% in cottonseed yield, and 48%–72% in lint yield. The harvest indices for seed cotton, cottonseed, and lint ranged from 35.3% to 56.5%, 18.3%–35.0%, and 15.4%–20.5%, respectively. Weeds were responsible for a 17% decrease in the 1000-seed weight. As the irrigation intervals increased from 3 days to 6 days and 9 days, the number of bolls per plant decreased by 19%–85%. Extending the irrigation interval from 3 days to 6 days and 9 days resulted in a substantial decrease in the photosynthetic rate, ranging from 42% to 92%. Mono-cropped Golestan performed well under unstressed conditions such as 3-day interval irrigation and weed-free conditions. On the other hand, intercropped Hekmat demonstrated better resilience to both moisture and weed stresses. The LER (Land equivalent ratio) indices of both intercropping systems were generally favorable, indicating higher productivity compared to sole cropping. The intercropping systems consistently showed the highest LER indices under weedy conditions, highlighting the significance of intercropping as a valuable method in integrated weed management.