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The wide reproduction of carpets called Mashaheer (celebrities) with images of explorers,prophets, and kings in the Qajar period is considered an important part of Iranian art history.In each reproduction of these carpets, there have been changes in the figures of the firstrow compared to the initial carpet. Based on the carpet preserved in the Niavaran Palace asthe case study of the changes, besides the addition of Iranian kings around the main area,changes include the addition of the image of Jesus (pbuh) and the removal of the image ofProphet Muhammad (pbuh) in the first row. Therefore, this research tries to answer whythis image of the Prophet (pbuh) was replaced by Jesus (pbuh) on the mentioned celebritycarpet. According to the purpose of the research, which is to explain this replacement, thegathered data was analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method, with emphasis on theopinions of Janet Wolff. After collecting the data through field and documentary studies.The findings of the research show that the celebrity carpet in Niavaran has implicitlystrengthened the idea of Christianity’s superiority by replacing the image of the Prophet(pbuh) with the image of Christ (pbuh), within the discourses of archaism, Iranian identityand the intellectual currents of the Qajar era, and despite the presence and continuation ofIslamic figures. This itself can indicate that the influence of institutions on art productionin any era changes and interferes with the visual form on the axis of the desired ideologyand emphasizes the hidden and deeper layers of meaning.To explain the role Muhammad and Muse in famous carpetsResearch method: In order to reach the appropriate answer, the research data, which has been collected by the field and documentary method, has been analyzed in a descriptive and analytical way, emphasizing Wolff's opinions.Based on Wolff's point of view, it was concluded that the famous carpet of Niavaran Palace is one of the important productions of the Qajar period, which was created within the discourses of antiquarianism and intellectual currents, which is reflected in the diminution of Islam by removing the Prophet. and by substituting the image of Jesus it implicitly points to the superiority of Christianity. In this work, despite the presence of other figures related to Islam such as Omar, there is a kind of anti-Islamic ideology by removing the prophet of the Islamic world.

Background and Objective: Regarding the psychological context of the environment, color is discussed as another environmental factor that has a great impact on human perception and behavior. In the study of the psychological-mental performance of individuals, indicators are used that indicate the individualchr('39')s cognitive status. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of color on the psychological functions of individuals. Materials and Methods: This systematic review searched published full-text and English articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct ISI Web of Knowledge databases using such keywords as "color, function, cognitive, psychological" without a time limit. Eventually, 60 eligible articles were reviewed and included in this study. Results: Initially, 312 articles were identified out of various databases, and 123 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. On the other hand, 63 articles were excluded from the study due to a lack of experimental studies, and 60 articles were selected for final review. The factors that were emphasized in the studies included selective attention (n=6), alertness (n=3), sport performance (n=4), intellectual performance (n=7), aggressiveness/dominance evaluation (n=7), caution/avoidance (n=7), attraction (n=6), store/company evaluation (n=5), eating/drinking (n=7), memory (n=4), arousal (n=2), and time perception (n=2). The results also revealed that color had a significant effect on cognitive functions, including selective attention, alertness, sports performance, intellectual performance, aggressiveness/dominance evaluation, caution/ avoidance, attraction, store/company evaluation, eating/drinking, time perception, memory, and arousal. Conclusion: Color should be considered one of the main ways to promote mental health, perception, and behavior of people.

The nervous system is known as a crucial part of the body and derangement in this system can cause potentially lethal consequences or serious side effects. Unfortunately, the nervous system is unable to rehabilitate damaged regions following seriously debilitating disorders such as stroke, spinal cord injury and brain trauma which, in turn, lead to the reduction of quality of life for the patient. Major challenges in restoring the damaged nervous system are low regenerative capacity and the complexity of physiology system. Synthetic polymeric biomaterials with outstanding properties such as excellent biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity find a wide range of applications in biomedical fields especially neural implants and nerve tissue engineering scaffolds. Despite these advancements, tailoring polymeric biomaterials for design of a desired scaffold is fundamental issue that needs tremendous attention to promote the therapeutic benefits and minimize adverse effects. This review aims to (i) describe the nervous system and related injuries. Then, (ii) nerve tissue engineering strategies are discussed and (iii) physiochemical properties of synthetic polymeric biomaterials systematically highlighted. Moreover, tailoring synthetic polymeric biomaterials for nerve tissue engineering is reviewed.

Introduction: Current standard of care for complicated and deep burn wounds includes removal of devitalized tissue, infection treatment/prevention, temporary coverage, and pain management before and during wound closure. Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d) utilizes both negative pressure and instillation of topical wound solutions for wound cleansing and removal of infectious materials. We describe our experience using NPWTi-d for complicated wound management in a burn center. Methods: Twenty-one patients were included in a retrospective analysis of burn wounds (n = 15) or wounds resulting from necrotizing fasciitis (n = 6). Patients received systemic antibiotics and underwent wound debridement as indicated. NPWTi-d was initiated by instilling Dakin’s solution (quarter strength), mafenide solution, or normal saline with a dwell time of 5–10 min followed by 4–6 h of NPWT at −75, −100, or −125 mmHg. Results: Mean percent total body surface area (TBSA) was 11.6% for the burn wounds and 10.0% for the necrotizing fasciitis wounds. Mean duration of NPWTi-d therapy was 10.0 days prior to wound closure by split-thickness skin graft (n = 13), graft and flap (n = 3), primary intention and graft (n = 1), secondary intention (n = 1), or amputation (n = 3). All wounds were successfully closed and no complications occurred during NPWTi-d treatment. Conclusions: In these patients, NPWTi-d provided safe and effective adjunctive therapy for complicated wounds resulting from burns or necrotizing fasciitis. Keywords: Burns, Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation, Necrotizing fasciitis, Burn center

The unique properties of gold nanoparticles, their rich surface chemistry, and low toxicity as well as easy methods of synthesis have promoted conjugation of the particles with numerous biomolecules for site-specific delivery. Gold nanoparticles have multiple applications including photoablation, diagnostic imaging, radiosensitization, vaccine development, antioxidant, and multifunctional drug-delivery vehicles.These applications require an increasingly complex level of surface decoration in order to achieve efficacy, and limit off-target toxicity. This review will discuss the chemical and physical approaches commonly utilized in relation to surface decoration and the powerful system used to indicate success of the conjugation. Finally, we review the range of recent studies about covalent and noncovalent modes for conjugation of antibodies to the particle surface that aim to advance gold nanoparticle treatments and diagnostics toward the clinic. Keywords: Gold nanoparticle, Bioconjugation, Chemical interaction, Physical interaction-covalent mode, Noncovalent mode

In this paper, the authors proffer a novel mathematical model for the simultaneous optimization of facility location and network design in the presence of uncertainty, with the aim of minimizing operational and transportation costs. The proposed model constitutes a departure from conventional methods in its consideration of probable events in the real world and the incorporation of uncertainty assumptions into the mathematical framework. An algorithm based on simulated annealing is then advanced for the solution of the problem, and the performance of the algorithm is evaluated through comparison with exact methods for problems of modest size, as well as with a basic simulated annealing algorithm for larger problems. The results of these comparisons demonstrate the superiority of the proposed meta-heuristic algorithm. Finally, the robust approach is compared with four other approaches in the presence of uncertainty, with a thorough analysis of the results obtained from each of the methods conducted in a suite of sample problems.

Honey is traditionally used in burns, wound healing, ulcers, boils, and fistulas. Honey was tested to prevent tartrazine toxicity in male rats for 8 weeks. The 18 rats of the experiment were randomly divided into three 6‐rat groups. The negative control group (G1) fed diet with sulfanilic acid, the tartrazine positive group (G2) fed diet containing tartrazine and sulfanilic acid and the honey‐treated group (G3) fed diet as in G2 and cotreated with honey. Tartrazine decreased antioxidants, high‐density lipoproteins and proteins, and increased liver enzymes, kidney indices, lipid peroxidation, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low‐ and very‐low‐density lipoproteins. In addition, tartrazine‐treated group showed drastic damage of the tissues of stomach, liver, kidney, and testis. Honey treatment increased antioxidants and high‐density lipoproteins, and decreased lipid peroxidation, liver enzyme and kidney parameters. Honey treatment also improved stomach, liver, kidney, and testis tissues. In conclusion, honey protects male rats against tartrazine toxicity. Practical applications: Honey was tested to prevent tartrazine toxicity in male rats in an experiment conducted for 8 weeks. Catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reduced, the low‐ and high‐density lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation, liver enzyme, and kidney parameters were measured to evaluate both the toxic effect of tartrazine in G2 and the protective potential of honey in G3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of Nigella sativa oil against the adverse effects of tartrazine on male rats. 18 albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 6). The first (G1) is the negative control, the second group (G2) is the positive control received 10 mg/kg b.w. tartrazine in the diet and the third (G3) received the same dose of tartrazine as in G2 and co-treated with Nigella sativa oil for 8 weeks. Tartrazine decreased total protein, antioxidants and high density lipoproteins, whereas increased liver enzyme, kidney function parameters, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in the positive control group. In addition, it caused pathological changes in the tissues of liver, kidney, testes and stomach. Treating tartrazine supplemented rats of G3 with Nigella sativa oil for 8 weeks significantly improved all biochemical parameters and restored the tissues of kidney, stomach, testes and liver to normal. It could be concluded that N. sativa oil succeeded in protecting male rats against the adverse conditions resulted from tartrazine administration.