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Objective The electro-mechanical braking system architecture of tram is different from that of the traditional braking system, so it is necessary to analyze the system safety and make targeted improvement to its weak links. Method Using fuzzy fault tree method can obtain the triangular fuzzy number of the top event occurrence probability through analysis of the test data, and then obtain the fuzzy importance of each bottom event. According to the fuzzy importance of the bottom events, the weak links of the system are analyzed and improved to realize the fault prevention. Result & Conclusion By analyzing the reliability of the tram electro-mechanical braking system based on fuzzy fault tree, the safety of the system weak links can be improved, and the corresponding improvement measures be put forward, helpful for improving the safety and reliability of the electro-mechanical braking system.

Primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma (PTACC) is an extremely rare type of mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma. Currently, it is difficult to diagnose, and it lacks standard treatment protocols. We report the case of a 53-year-old female patient with PTACC who underwent additional intensity-modulated radiotherapy 1 month after surgical treatment with an uneventful course. No invasion or distant metastasis was detected at the 7-month follow-up after radiotherapy, and the prognosis was favorable. In this case, herein, we have summarized the diagnostic features of the disease and proposed that postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy can significantly improve the patient’s prognosis. Finally, we further confirmed the important role of radiotherapy in PTACC by reviewing relevant literature, which may provide clinicians with valuable treatment experience.

ObjectiveTo provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of edible pigment Monascus red， the analysis of its key components and toxicological evaluation were carried out.MethodsIdentification test and physicochemical indexes test were carried out based on the samples according to the method in National food safety standard GB 1886.181—2016. The content of citrinin （CIT） and Monacolin K were detected through high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. UPLC-Orbitrap-MS2 were used for chemical composition and content determination， in which the molecular structure was also characterized. The 14-day oral toxicity test of SD rats was carried out， based on the acute oral toxicity test of Monascus red by the limited method.ResultsThe quality and specification of test samples conformed to the provisions of China National Food Safety Standard. The content of CIT and Monacolin K was 0.030 8 mg/kg （converted as one color value） and 0.166 mg/g. Twenty compounds were separated in Monascus red by UPLC-Orbitrap-MS2， red pigment， orange pigment and yellow pigment of it accounted for 88.38%， 2.04% and 5.96%， respectively. The results of acute oral toxicity showed that Monascus red was innocuous （LD50>20 g/kg·BW）. In the 14-day repeated oral dose toxicity test， compared with the control group， rats in 5 g/kg·BW dose group exhibited no significant differences in the general clinical observation， growth and development， hematology， blood biochemistry， routine urine detection， gross anatomy，organ weight，organ-to-body ratio， and histopathological examinations.ConclusionMonascus red is composed of multiple components characterized by red pigments. There is no obvious toxic effects found in the preliminary safety evaluation， which can provide reference for further long-term research.

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a type of soft tissue sarcoma originating in vascular endothelial cells, without obvious gender differences in the incidence rate and specific early clinical manifestations, whilstpericardial effusion often found at the first presentation of most patients. Tumors are mostly located in the right atrium and pericardium. Echocardiography is the preferred examination method for diagnosing cardiac angiosarcoma and multimodal imaging is important in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant cardiac mass. This article retrospectively analyzes the 25 cases of clinical manifestations and imaging features of primary cardiac angiosarcoma.

BACKGROUND Microplastics, defined as the plastic material with a size of < 5mm, have been widely attracting attention due to the high mobility and strong affinity toward pollutants. Microplastics concentrate in soil through plastic film breakage, landfill and atmospheric deposition. Microplastics can migrate downward in soil, and adsorb co-existing pollutants. The ageing of microplastics due to surface geochemical processes, would result in a great threat to the environment. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively understand the environmental behavior of microplastics and their potential environmental risks. METHODS The key factors controlling vertical transport of microplastics in soil were summarized, including microplastics properties such as the size, shape and functional groups, and soil properties such as the porosity, organic matter and soil minerals. The adsorption of organic pollutants and heavy metals on microplastics and the effect of ageing were analyzed. RESULTS The results obtained from recent studies showed that: (1) The transportation of microplastics can be affected by their inherent properties and the soil environments. (2) Microplastics can adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants, and co-transport in soil, which would change the environmental fate and bioavailability of pollutants. (3) The ageing process can impact the microplastics mobility, adsorption capacity, and the release of the associated contaminants derived from the microplastics. The release of endogenous organics phthalate esters from aged microplastics could reach 50.3-6660ng/g, and that of heavy metal Pb2+ reach 5.1-81.4μg/g. CONCLUSIONS In view of the current research and existing problems, this review gives guidance on microplastics transport, adsorption and ageing effect for future studies. (1) The interaction mechanisms between microplastics and pollutants should be elucidated under multi-factor coupling conditions in soil, especially for the influence of different soil types and environmental factors on the adsorption/desorption/migration of pollutants on the microplastics. (2) The effects of different ageing processes on the properties and environmental behavior of the microplastics should be studied by experimental simulation. (3) In order to uncover the effects of aging on the release behavior of endogenous pollutants, the study on the release of endogenous pollutants from microplastics in different ageing environment should be strengthened.

Loess cracks and expands easily under the condition of drying-wetting cycles, which will seriously affect the mechanical properties of loess in geotechnical engineering applications and lead to a large number of engineering accidents. Taking the loess in Yan ’an area as the research object, the drying-wetting cycles crack experimental of compacted loess was carried out by a self-made device. The surface crack of loess samples was quantitatively analyzed by using the PCAS system, and the relationship between the surface displacement, strain, and crack evolution during the drying-wetting cycles was analyzed by the digital correlation method (DIC). The results show that loess surface crack development can be divided into three stages: slow growth stage, rapid growth stage, and sluggish development stage. The displacement and strain distribution of loess surfaces are different at different positions, and the development degree of surface cracks varies with the number of drying-wetting cycles. DIC technology can be used for rapid and nondestructive detection of the displacement field and strain field on the surface of loess samples, and dynamic display of the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the generation and evolution of loess cracks.

The purpose of the work is to determine the personal qualities of a music teacher that contribute to the effectiveness of his artistic and educational activities in modern conditions, the theoretical development of the essence, content, and component structure of the categories “artistic empathy”, “style culture of performing musical works”, “artistic and performing self-efficacy of the individual”. Using the methods of questioning, testing, pedagogical observation, and analysis of lessons in the system of arts faculties of pedagogical universities of Ukraine and statistical processing of the materials obtained, the state of modern practice of professional training of future musicians is characterized. As a result of the study, it is argued that these qualities are among the dominant professional and personal qualities of a modern music teacher. The article confirms the prospects for forming these professional and personal qualities precisely in the process of special musical training of students.

PURPOSE: The Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center (MIDRC) was created to facilitate medical imaging machine learning (ML) research for tasks including early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of treatment response related to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and beyond. The purpose of this work was to create a publicly available metrology resource to assist researchers in evaluating the performance of their medical image analysis ML algorithms. APPROACH: An interactive decision tree, called MIDRC-MetricTree, has been developed, organized by the type of task that the ML algorithm was trained to perform. The criteria for this decision tree were that (1) users can select information such as the type of task, the nature of the reference standard, and the type of the algorithm output and (2) based on the user input, recommendations are provided regarding appropriate performance evaluation approaches and metrics, including literature references and, when possible, links to publicly available software/code as well as short tutorial videos. RESULTS: Five types of tasks were identified for the decision tree: (a) classification, (b) detection/localization, (c) segmentation, (d) time-to-event (TTE) analysis, and (e) estimation. As an example, the classification branch of the decision tree includes two-class (binary) and multiclass classification tasks and provides suggestions for methods, metrics, software/code recommendations, and literature references for situations where the algorithm produces either binary or non-binary (e.g., continuous) output and for reference standards with negligible or non-negligible variability and unreliability. CONCLUSIONS: The publicly available decision tree is a resource to assist researchers in conducting task-specific performance evaluations, including classification, detection/localization, segmentation, TTE, and estimation tasks.