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As young Indigenous Kichwa men begin working as local tour guides in the small city of Tena in the Ecuadorian Amazon, they go through complex processes of transition and adjustment navigating entanglements of tourists' expectations, familial obligations, and desires for socioeconomic mobility. For many, there is the additional challenge of emphasizing their Indigenous identities, given the pervasive anti-Indigenous racism to which they are subjected within Ecuadorian society. I argue that work in tourism has provided young Kichwa men with opportunities for self-transformation, at once attractive and fraught with contradictions. On one hand, they have come to perceive their Indigeneity as an asset rather than a liability and are increasingly able to contest long-standing racism at the local level. On the other hand, their urban lifestyles, pursuit of intimate relationships with foreign tourists and sometimes dismissive attitudes towards rural Kichwa people have distanced them socially from the broader Kichwa population. By exploring these complex affective processes, their impacts on local dynamics, and the multiple and often conflicting understandings of Indigeneity that are constantly being produced and negotiated in these spaces, I seek to broaden the scope of scholarly debates on the impact of cultural tourism in Indigenous communities. I also engage with recent scholarship on Indigenous masculinities to discuss the possibilities and limitations of masculinity as a tool of decolonization for Indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fantasy series Game of Thrones (GoT) has become a phenomenon that reaches far beyond the television screens. Through extensive on-location filming, the series has linked its diegetic world of Westeros to countless heritage sites across several countries, most prominently Northern Ireland. Through narrative and special effects, GoT has overcoded these landscapes with their on-screen identities leading not only to a surge in tourists who want to travel to fictional locations such as 'Winterfell' and 'King's Landing', but also affecting previously established global perceptions and local identities. Previously associated with the heritage of the Northern Ireland conflict, the so-called Troubles, GoT enabled a reimagining of this landscape through popular culture. A multi-sited visual ethnography on the impact of the series on the heritage landscapes of its filming locations reveals that popular culture can create a new heritage – even entirely fictional and one of blood and death itself – that can significantly contribute to overcoming national trauma and memory conflict. This sentiment was especially emphasized by people growing up and living in Northern Ireland, who saw their home's reputation significantly improved and their new role as 'Game of Thrones Territory' as a unifying narrative in an inherently dissonant heritage context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of critical heritage studies, scholars show that 'bottom up' initiatives that blur the boundaries between private, civil, and state have arisen not as a modernising vision to legitimise national authority but as 'rooted in identification with local community', linking past and future. In China, such studies demonstrate the emergence of a different kind of museology – with 'private' heritage initiatives on behalf of individuals and groups – tolerated by the state authorities through investments that link heritage tourism to development. However, when a maritime vision of national history is at stake, the central state would co-opt 'private' heritage initiatives to subsume them under the wider, sanitised narrative of Chinese maritime civilisation that requires a different relation to the past and its extraction from the localities that do not inscribe their heritage into these universalised visions. Zooming in on three museums in Hainan related to the South China Sea (SCS), I reveal the contradictory claims made by different actors regarding the use, representation and ownership claims of historical seafaring in terms of cultural heritage. Therefore, I argue that heritagisation of seafaring in the SCS represent proprietary and thus territorial claims for China's rhetoric of maritime ecological civilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) act as icons to attract visitors seeking to experience cultural (ancient) heritage. Gastronomy, as cultural heritage, reinforces the identity of a destination. Presenting a case study from a Portuguese UNESCO WHS, this study brings insights into how these destinations may deepen the knowledge on gastronomic visitors, contributing to their sustainable development. Specifically, this study aims to identify the importance that visitors give to gastronomy and to identify their differences in terms of profile and travel behaviour, through data collected using a visitors' survey. Results show that gastronomy can be a major motivator for visiting a WHS and indicate that visitors strongly motivated by gastronomy have differences in terms of demographic profile, motivations and expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "dissociation" encompasses a wide array of symptoms and phenomena, all sharing the common characteristic of involving altered states of consciousness where an individual temporarily loses the sense of continuity of their own identity. In the context of addiction pathology, however, the dissociative paradigm remains a topic of ongoing debate. It fluctuates between the description of individual dissociative symptoms and the notion of post-traumatic dissociation as a structural process. This process involves fragmentation that extends beyond the confines of perception and experience within a singular moment, instead ensuring a persistent discontinuity of the self throughout one's existence. Pathological addiction stresses the question of the donation of sense in this deep and dramatic experience; it situates individuals within a compressed and constricted realm of vital space, alongside a frozen perception of time. Within this context, every emotion, sensation, and comprehension becomes impaired. Consequently, we have embarked on a journey starting with a historical analysis: the aim was to construct an elucidative framework for the dissociative paradigm in the context of addiction. This involves an in-depth exploration of the fundamental constructs of trauma and temporality, examined through the lens of phenomenological perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brand heritage has become one of the most important emphases for companies as a response to the need to build a more diverse and multicultural society. Such is the case of Latin-American countries that see the importance of heritage as an important source for the development of the tourism market at the country level, specially making use of new information technologies. This is how this research aims to analyze the emotional factors (nostalgic experience, brand awe) that influence brand heritage and its effect on variables such as brand identity and purchase intention for the tourism sector. To achieve this purpose, the research uses a survey applied to 460 individuals who frequently attend cultural events and who have additionally made use of virtual reality platforms. For information processing, the structural equations technique is used. Among the main findings is that there is a direct and positive relationship between emotional factors and brand heritage. Likewise, it is found that there is a direct relationship between brand heritage and brand identity, however, no significance was found with purchase intention. Finally, it was found that the use of platforms such as virtual reality does have a moderating effect both with emotional factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural tourism is one of the most sustainable and fastest-growing types of tourism, and so has been widely studied. Despite countless works analyzing the possible factors that can condition the choice of the tourist destination, few have addressed how they may differ by sex and within cultural tourism, and they contradict. This paper analyzes this phenomenon through the dimensions of cultural offerings, services and motivations in the city of Málaga, a very tourist city in Spain, which is the fourth country out of 167 with the most world heritage sites—UNESCO. Partial least squares—structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) were performed for a database of 415 cultural tourists survey responses. The results showed differences between constructs depending on the sex of the tourists. For men, the factor that most affects the choice of destination is tourist motivation—namely, the reason for their visit—followed by services. Conversely, services are first for women, followed by cultural offerings and motivations. The results of this study can be valuable when designing more specific tourism strategies adapted to the profile of tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Evolutionary Economic Geography (EEG) framework contributes to the study of tourism destination evolution by focusing on the various circumstances and events through which tourism destinations develop over long periods of time. Our research objective is to investigate how players in tourism destinations shape development pathways when they face stagnant or lock‐in situations. Applying the concepts of path dependence and path creation, we explain how path shaping mechanisms such as bricolage (the process of combining available resources to create innovative outcomes) and breakthrough (a process where actors attempt to generate dramatic outcomes to deviate from existing pathways) occur using two destinations in the two regencies of the Toraja region of Sulawesi, Indonesia, as a case study. Understanding cultural tourism destination pathways requires frameworks capable of interrogating ethno‐political structures and histories and assessing how they influence developmental pathways that generate regional transformations. Our investigation indicates: strong path dependence in tourism, due to cultural, political, and economic conditions, inhibits breakthrough development; that the strength of path dependence at a regional level strongly influences the path shaping processes at the firm level; and that a breakthrough developmental process in tourism does not exclude bricolage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural routes are a composite set of heritage sites that refer to historical routes of human communication. As key products of cultural tourism, they provide visitors with rich cultural experiences across regions. We systematically review reports and studies related to the tourism development of 38 cultural route cases worldwide, with a special focus on their distribution, typology, planning patterns, and tools for cultural tourism. We summarized eight tools and found some differences in how often these eight tools are used by the different types of routes and different planning patterns for route tourism. This study also developed an evaluation system based on the conservation principles of cultural routes to determine how different tourism tools affect the conservation and development of historical regions. Although tourism decision-makers have made numerous efforts to protect and develop cultural routes, there are still many problems and challenges in the process of tourism development along cultural routes. We conclude the paper by making recommendations for decision-makers and researchers concerning future route tourism planning and study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Halal tourism is becoming an important tourism sector and represents one of the largest niche markets in global tourism, the aspects that makes this type of tourism memorable are still unexplored for academics and practitioners. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between hedonism, novelty, local culture, refreshment, meaningfulness, involvement, knowledge and memorable Halal tourism experience. The study also examines the relationship between memorable Halal tourism experience and place attachment. Data were gathered from Muslim tourists who had a halal tourism experience during the 48 months preceding the time of data collection (April 2018–March 2022). The empirical results support all eight hypotheses. The results also extend the memorable tourism experience concept in the context of Halal tourism. A positive relationship between a memorable Halal tourism experience and place attachment was also supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a summary of various articles published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The articles cover a range of topics including the environmental impact of cardboard packaging in China, a new method for detecting fossil fuel-sourced carbon dioxide, the use of wooden tools by Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, the engagement of cultural heritage in addressing climate change, the axial skeleton adaptations in limbed vertebrate evolution, the functions of eye blinks beyond lubrication, and the poleward shift of bird species due to climate change. These articles provide valuable insights into these subjects and offer recommendations for future research and action. [Extracted from the article]

As an authoritative institution in cultural heritage conservation, ICOMOS plays a crucial role in guiding local communities' participation in heritage conservation. However, its scattered and vague descriptions of local communities pose significant obstacles to further research and practice of community participation in heritage conservation. Given the increasing importance of local communities in heritage conservation, it is essential to systematically explore the connotation of Local Community connotations within ICOMOS discourse. This research employs Natural Language Processing methods to analyze ICOMOS's descriptions of Local Community. Utilizing computational techniques of word frequency calculation, LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic model keyword calculation, and hierarchical clustering calculation, the research uncovers relevant keywords and its thematic clusters of Local Community. These findings are further elucidated by aligning them with the principles outlined in authoritative documents of ICOMOS. The research indicates that ICOMOS's descriptions of Local Community can be summarized into four main keywords families. These keywords families can be summarized as a comprehensive Local Community "three-level, four-family" keywords system. The "Tourism" keywords family exhibits a close association with Local Community, highlighting ICOMOS's heightened emphasis on heritage tourism. The "Management-Development" keywords family occupies the second level, emphasizing fundamental principles for local communities' participation in heritage practices. The "Traditional-Knowledge" and "Social-Economic" Keywords Families, situated in the third level, respectively describe the value attributes and conservation approaches of local communities. Each keywords family formed over different periods, exhibiting varying trends of development. By systematically integrating ICOMOS's descriptions of Local Community and employing Natural Language Processing for in-depth exploration, This research aims to construct a cognitive understanding of local communities from a new perspective of quantitative text analysis, with the intention of providing theoretical references for subsequent research on local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of endogenous development concept, Dujiazhuang Village, Mentougou was taken as an example to explore the development of rural cultural tourism space. The rural tourism resources in the west of Beijing are rich in type and numerous, but the development of cultural tourism is unbalanced and inadequate. Guided by the endogenousconcept and driven by the design of cultural tourism space, rural public space should be as the entry point to integrate the elements of rural resources and create a design that stimulates the endogenous ability of villagers. Culture can promote tourism, and industry can drive the economy to increase income and enhance the villagers' cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the phenomenon of nostalgic heritage travel has gained traction, scarce inquiries have researched how nostalgia for heritage sites can render a means for heritage preservation. This inquiry utilized a multi-method qualitative design, with Study 1 inferring nostalgic heritage travel motivations from travel experiences documented in online travel diaries. Study 2 adopted the psychological ownership theory with data originating from semi-structured interviews to construct a nostalgia-induced framework of reciprocity between psychological ownership and heritage preservation. Findings first unveil an array of nostalgic heritage travel motives ranging from nostalgic reminiscing and glorification to nostalgia-induced playfulness and healing. Further, findings point to a reciprocal pattern of psychological ownership–heritage preservation fostered by three routes: exercise of control, intimate knowing, and investment of the self. Together, this research illuminates a past–present–future synthesis of self–place relations. It presents the concept of reciprocity driven by nostalgia to increase understanding of heritage preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on spatial evolution has taken a high interest in structure-agency dynamics, but how long-term discourse interacts with these dynamics in shaping new paths still lacks a systematic understanding. To advance such an understanding, this article draws on the agency, structure, institutions and discourse (ASID) framework and refocuses it on spatial evolution. By doing so, the article aims at elucidating the discursive aspects of evolutionary spatial processes and highlights in particular the role of abstract macro-level discourses and concrete imaginaries as long-term discursive foundations of spatial evolution. In this way, discourse acts as a carrier of long-term historical roots and associations. By considering the historical rootedness of the discursive foundations of paths, the framework contributes to giving history a stronger role in evolutionary economic geography. We apply this analytical framework to wine tourism in Israel's Negev and focus particularly on the historically rooted imaginaries that underpin the development of this path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the launch of cultural tourism in Tianjin, the regeneration and heritage preservation of the Five Avenues, the former upscale residential area of the British Concession, has been accelerated. In 2012, the public monumental sports building of this area, Minyuan Stadium, was reconstructed into a leisure hub. Subsequently, several local community residents began documenting their memories of Minyuan and their views on its renewal on online We-media platforms. This article explores the residents' perceptions of Minyuan as portrayed in the unexplored informal online archives and investigates how they differ from the official discourse. The findings reveal that the residents tend to present a dynamic image of Minyuan that moves beyond a Westernized image by highlighting low-cost temporary spatial practice in which ordinary people participated during the post-concession Socialist Revolution and Construction. These residents' perceptions challenge the official representation of the local culture of the Five Avenues and the image of Minyuan, and contribute to provide an alternative perspective for understanding postcolonial identity construction in Chinese cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implemented in the early 2000s by the Ave Basin Regional Development Agency (ADRAVE), the Ave Basin Industrial Heritage Route (IHR) was deactivated without fully establishing a lasting circuit to showcase the region's industrial history. This paper aims to identify and critically analyse the contributing factors to the IHR's inability to create a sustainable industrial heritage circuit. Drawing insights from industrial heritage tourism studies and examining academic papers produced by members of ADRAVE during the IHR implementation to publicise the route, as well as an urban intervention in one of its hubs (Sampaio, Ferreira & Co. Riba d'Ave), the study reveals missed opportunities and challenges in the IHR's implementation, calling for a revaluation of strategies to effectively preserve and promote industrial heritage in Portugal. The analysis highlights the impact of dominant memory narratives shaped by local political and economic powers, hindering community engagement, and discouraging local involvement. The findings extend beyond Ave Basin, emphasising the importance of more inclusive approaches that involve local communities in heritage conservation initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study considers cultural adaptation through tourism, focusing on language-travelers: hybrid education-tourism consumers whose voices remain relatively silent in tourism studies. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with students, teachers, and managers in Australian English language schools to understand what language-travelers expect from their Australian experiences and the implications for language schools. The findings propose that sojourners' experiences are framed by pre-visit imaginaries of object authenticity, wherein the "object" is both Australian culture and the wider Anglophone "West." Such imaginaries are found to be validated by language schools, which face pressure to balance letting students glimpse the "backstage" and staging out-group imagined "authenticities," such as by hiring fun, approachable, and above all White teachers. We identify opportunities for language centers to understand their role within tourism as cultural mediators and suggest ways forward in promoting and inculcating critical intercultural competence among language-traveler sojourners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the burgeoning interest in cultural tourism in Botswana, its effect on traditional practices has been seldom understood. This study examined the effects of tourism development on traditional basket weaving in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Semi-structured interviews and in-depth interviews were conducted. Data was analysed through descriptive statistics and thematically. The results depict a gradual transformation in basketry – from being a domestic utilitarian product to being a most sought after product in the tourism market. Although change was inevitable, local communities are urged to strike a balance between satisfying market demands and preserving the cultural significance of basketry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Xinjiang unearthed brocade as a significant cultural heritage records the historical and cultural information of diverse ethnic groups, and it also influences cultural product development. However, the existing knowledge concerning these brocades is disorganized, fragmented, and incomplete, hindering a comprehensive understanding of their intricate relationships. To address these issues, this study has developed an integrated ontological model for Xinjiang's unearthed brocades (XJUBontology). By applying Conceptual Reference Model of International Committee for Documentation (CIDOC CRM) ontology and the Remanufactured Process Planning (RPP) approach, this XJUBontology comprises knowledge about both the brocades and their cultural derivatives, and knowledge in these two domains are able to be organized and refined. The implementation of XJUBontology in Protégé and validation via SPARQL queries not only centralize and manage Xinjiang unearthed brocade-related knowledge but also establish vital connections among this fragmented information. The contribution is to help in associating, managing, and sharing knowledge in the domain of Xinjiang unearthed brocades, providing a framework for establishing related data repository, and helping researchers, apparel and accessories designers, museums, and other cultural and tourism institutions to access a more systematic information to assist their works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural tourism helps preserve cultural heritage and provides economic opportunities for local communities. A walkable cultural tourism route has been developed for the old town of Ratchaburi, Thailand. Here, we assessed changes in PM1 after cars were banned from the walkable tourist route. A near-roadway dispersion model, R-LINE, was evaluated and used to explore the base case (BC) and two scenarios, S1 and S2. In the BC, road traffic activities reflected the current situation; in S1, all vehicles were banned from the walkable route; and in S2, all drivers were encouraged to park their vehicles outside the study area. The road traffic activities in the study area were observed and used to calculate the PM1 emission rates for the model inputs. The model was capable of simulating PM1 concentration, especially the average PM1 concentration over the monitoring period. An increase in PM1 concentration was seen at the main road in S1 due to the increased traffic volume that had been redirected from the walkable route, with an increase in daily PM1 of 4.5% compared to BC. S2 showed a decrease in the PM1 concentration of 8.9%. These findings suggest the need for traffic mitigation measures prior to initiating a walkable route for cultural tourism, to meet environmental sustainability requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intangible cultural heritage can be said to be an important component of tourism resources. With the rapid development of society in today's era, tourism development and intangible cultural heritage protection have gradually attracted attention from Chinese society, and in recent years, it has attracted high attention from relevant departments of the Chinese government. Tourism development has a "dual" impact on the protection of intangible cultural heritage, with both positive and negative impacts. The risk assessment of intangible cultural heritage tourism development is a MAGDM problems. Recently, the TODIM and GRA technique has been employed to manage MAGDM issues. The interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy sets (IVPFSs) are employed as a tool for characterizing uncertain information during the risk assessment of intangible cultural heritage tourism development. In this paper, the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy TODIM-GRA (IVPF-TODIM-GRA) technique is construct to manage the MAGDM under IVPFSs. Finally, a numerical case study for risk assessment of intangible cultural heritage tourism development is employed to validate the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the system of dependencies and contradictions between the Forbidden City as an object of cultural heritage and the transformation of the historic environment. The research methodology is based on a comparative study of literary sources and quantitative and qualitative data analysis using the example of the study of the Forbidden City. Based on the analysis of existing concepts, a model for managing the changing historical environment within the framework of the sustainable development of the Forbidden City has been developed. According to the study, the Forbidden City today is between two complex processes related to preserving and transforming the historic environment. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of museums and collections of cultural relics in the urban historical environment of Beijing, which directly contributes to the growth of tourist activity. This model should be based on the interaction of innovative digitalisation tools, intelligent solutions in urban planning, a rational approach and cultural tourism. In practice, this will allow for the maintenance of a more reasonable population density and the rational location of industrial and economic facilities and preserve the traditional aesthetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The diversification of the cultural context of monuments did not lead to distinct visual reactions among observers of different nationalities. • The scope of applying eye-tracking technology for research on cultural tourism may be limited, emphasizing the need for further investigations in this area. • Eye-trackers demonstrate a significant potential for facilitating public consultations concerning architectural and urban changes. Sustainable management of architectural heritage requires conducting an inclusive diagnosis of users' opinions, considering both residents and tourists as the recipients of urban space. Given the cultural diversity within these groups, proposing the use of eye-trackers (ET) as an alternative to traditional public consultation prompts the need to assess the method's advantages and disadvantages. It remains uncertain whether individuals from different countries look at historical architecture and its transformations similarly. The uniqueness of this subject matter prevents drawing parallels from experiences in other domains. Moreover, prior research provides conflicting conclusions and may include methodological errors. This uncertainty impedes the adoption of ET as an administrative and legal tool. To address this gap, 320 volunteers, encompassing both Poles and foreigners, were invited. Qualification involved optometric tests and questionnaires. Subsequently, a portion of the participants underwent the experiment using ET while viewing visual stimuli on a monitor. The experiment featured twelve monuments, with six originating from Wrocław and six from another major European city (Paris, Rome, London, Berlin, Dresden, Dortmund). The study focused on the nature and pattern of fixations made on original photographs and their modified versions. Analyzing the collected ET data for 24 stimuli, two primary aspects were explored. First, whether both groups, irrespective of their familiarity with the object or the city of residence, looked at the original photographs in the same manner. Second, it was investigated whether participants cultural background significantly influenced observers' reactions to visual changes in the buildings. Only 8 out of 160 comparisons demonstrated statistically significant deviations. Other results, including visitor numbers, fixation counts, average fixation duration, total visit duration, and time to first fixation, exhibited similarity across the board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pilgrimage tourism, among the earliest forms of tourism with a tradition spanning centuries, stands as a steadfast global attraction. This article delves into the significance, diversity, and historical roots of this tourism type, recognizing the contemporary surge in interest in pilgrimage sites. Offering an overview of globally prominent pilgrimage destinations and highlighting key locations in Slovakia, the article emphasizes the country's considerable potential for the utilization and development of these sacred sites, despite its compact size. It stresses the need to foster this historically significant tourism sector and the necessity for attention and support from the government sector to maximize its potential. The relevance of pilgrimage became particularly apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic, with observable visitor participation despite challenging conditions at various pilgrimage sites. The article examines the pilgrimage's evolution before, during, and after the pandemic, using Levoča and Šaštín in Slovakia as illustrative cases. One of the main objectives of this study was to clarify the development of pilgrimage tourism in Slovakia over the past decades and the factors influencing it. The attendance analysis unmistakably reveals a significant upward trend at these specific locations, emphasizing the need to establish collaborative efforts to support this sector. Such collaboration is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of historically significant sites, fostering local development, and increasing the visibility of less-visited pilgrimage destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage tourism in Egypt, differentiated by its distinctive ancient wonders and cultural prosperity, has faced numerous challenges through its history, with political unrest, economic fluctuations, and, most recently, the global COVID-19 pandemic. This research paper investigates the dynamic interplay between planned and adopted resilience within the hotel sector in Egyptian heritage sites and their consequential effects on both social and economic sustainability. A quantitative research method was employed to empirically explore these dynamics. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 550 top and middle managers in hotels located in heritage sites, capturing insights into their perspectives on planned and adopted resilience. The collected data underwent rigorous analysis utilizing "partial least squares structural equation modeling" (PLS-SEM), providing a robust foundation for drawing meaningful conclusions. Findings from the research underscore the necessity of aligning planned and adopted resilience to generate sustainable social and economic performance. The synthesis of planned and adopted resilience was revealed to be pivotal in generating sustainable social and economic performance for hotels. This synthesis catalyzes the hotels' ability to mitigate uncertainties, adjust to changing environment, and ensure long-term viability. This research might contribute to the current literature by suggesting industry-specific awareness for the reciprocal relationship between planned and adopted resilience in the hotel businesses and their combined influence on both sides of sustainability (social and economic). The findings provide actionable recommendations for hotel management, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to enhance resilience, foster social cohesion, and ensure the economic sustainability of heritage tourism in an everchanging environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ancient Duchy of Urbino (Marche and Emilia-Romagna Regions, Italy) is known for its spectacular landscapes linked to a unique geological history. This area owns an unexpected cultural resource, which concerns using its landscapes in art. Some great Renaissance artists, including Piero della Francesca, Raphael, and Leonardo, were so impressed by the landscapes that they reproduced them in their most famous paintings. This paper summarizes research concerned with their identification, employing a multidisciplinary method that has enabled the recognition of many morphologies. This contribution provides the scientific community with information on the methodology and regional and national projects developed in this area to enhance its cultural landscapes. Starting from the geological description of the territory, the research focuses on famous works by three great Renaissance artists, providing evidence and morphological details related to the recognition of places: "Nativity" by Piero della Francesca, "Madonna Litta" by Leonardo da Vinci, and "Knight's Dream" by Raphael. Finally, it is proposed to make these landscapes a timeless resource through their inclusion in UNESCO's cultural heritage. This contribution is addressed to representatives of the administration, conservation, and enhancement of artistic and landscape heritage to stimulate new perspectives for research, education, and tourism within the cultural heritage of this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how cultural heritage destination digitalization influences tourists' attitudes by analyzing the mediating effect of constructive authenticity and the moderating effect of technology-destination fit. We tested the theoretical model using data from 336 tourists who had traveled to cultural heritage destinations in the previous three months. The findings indicate that cultural heritage destination digitalization positively impacts tourists' attitudes. Technology-destination fit moderates the relationship between cultural heritage destination digitalization and constructive authenticity and the mediating effect of constructive authenticity. These findings provide managerial implications for destination marketing organizations to improve their performance through digitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The third International Conference on Responsible Tourism and Hospitality (ICRTH) took place in Bogor, Indonesia, in August 2023. The conference aimed to raise awareness of tourism as a driver of development and the preservation of culture and natural heritage. It brought together academics, government officials, practitioners, and the public to discuss responsible tourism practices. The conference also emphasized the importance of collaboration and convergence of indicators towards responsible tourism. The event left a positive legacy by engaging with the local community and promoting responsible tourism in Bogor. The conference concluded with the announcement that ICRTH 2024 will be held in Kuching, Malaysia. [Extracted from the article]

In recent years, the trend of people choosing relic and museum tourism during their vacation and leisure time is growing day by day, mainly because it touches people's feelings about historical relics and cultural heritage. The development of relic and museum tourism products is not only the inheritance of culture and the protection of cultural relics, but also the promotion of tourism consumption under the background of cultural tourism integration, which has promoted the development of regional economy. With the relic and museum tourism resources in Shandong Province as the research object, through the analysis of its resources, market and products, this paper put forward three applicable modes of relic and museum tourism product development, including independent development, joint development, and art authorization, and proposed specific suggestions around the three modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A culinary tourism project in the eastern Midwest of the United States illustrates contradictions between the cultural and ecological pillars of sustainability. Foods traditional to this area reflect industrial agricultural methods and technologies now recognized as threatening to the natural environment. Highlighting those foods through culinary tourism, then, celebrates forms and practices representing a food culture that is actively incompatible with the ecological, economic, and social pillars of sustainability. This article describes how folkloristic perspectives on culinary tourism were applied to first validate that food culture; then make it competitive as a tourism attraction. Those perspectives were also used to address conflicts with environmental sustainability posed by supporting cultural sustainability. This model of culinary tourism offers frameworks to recognize the complexity and dynamic nature of both food and tourism, suggesting strategies for resolutions consistent with a food cultures' history, ethos, and aesthetic. That consistency is fundamental to the endurance of a sense of connection felt by community members and to the sustainability of that food culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a game changer in many fields, including cultural heritage. It supports the planning and preservation of heritage sites and cities, enables the creation of virtual experiences to enrich cultural tourism and engagement, supports research, and increases access and understanding of heritage objects. Despite some impressive examples, the full potential of AI for economic, social, and cultural change is not yet fully visible. Against this background, this article aims to (a) highlight the scope of AI in the field of cultural heritage and innovation, (b) highlight the state of the art of AI technologies for cultural heritage, (c) highlight challenges and opportunities, and (d) outline an agenda for AI, cultural heritage, and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the rehabilitation of anti-aircraft shelters from the Spanish Civil War in Alicante, Spain. Funded by European resources and managed by local public administration, these shelters have been restored as cultural and tourist attractions. This study aims to analyze their role in preserving and promoting intangible cultural heritage, with a focus on their significance as tangible remnants of a historical period and their reflection on survival practices during the war. This research investigates the impact of public management in rehabilitating these shelters and in disseminating their history and culture. It explores decision-making processes, community engagement, and strategies for promoting cultural tourism. Employing a mixed methodology, this study gathers primary data through interviews with individuals who witnessed the war and secondary data from documentary and bibliographic sources. Findings suggest that the rehabilitation of these shelters has been pivotal in preserving Alicante's historical memory and cultural heritage. Making the shelters accessible to the public facilitates knowledge transmission about the Spanish Civil War, promotes cultural tourism, and engages the local community in the dissemination of history and culture. This study's results and conclusions are relevant for academics, professionals, and cultural heritage managers at both national and international levels, offering insights into the effective preservation and promotion of historical sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last two decades, cultural tourism has transformed the aesthetics and the relationship between the actors of the Arauco territories. In the post-COVID context, these transformations could be reinforced, especially considering the actual legal scenario about indigenous rights and the global ecological crisis. In most cases, the indigenous people, with cultural tourism initiatives, highlight their world vision, including the relations with nature. For this reason, we propose to study this scientific problem from the relational ontology perspective. In this study, we describe the situation of cultural tourism in Arauco Province, Chile, where Mapuche people, the Chilean State, and the international market coexist in permanent friction. The main objective is to analyze how the pandemic influenced Mapuche cultural tourism, from the Mapuche cultural perspective and the global conditions for their development. The methods of research mixed historical and ethnographic approaches with a sample of key actors of Mapuche cultural tourism. As results, we can show the Mapuche way of understanding cultural tourism and the new conditions derived from the pandemic and post-pandemic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to determine heritage tourism potential in the Kashmir valley, a developing region, to lower the impact of mass tourism on the natural environment. The potential was assessed using criterion‐based indicators. After a Delphi survey, Content Validation Ratio determined indicator retention. Field trips and secondary sources identified the sites. The sites with cultural significance were prioritized with other supporting factors. The Weighted Sum Method assessed the heritage site potential. It was calculated for each criterion: Cultural, Physical, and Natural. Then, total potential was classified into three groups on the basis of equal intervals depicting high, medium, and low, where high ranges from 0.628 to 0.756, medium from 0.502 to 0.628, and low from 0.375 to 0.502. Being the capital city and hub of different activities, Srinagar district of the study area has maximum of the sites with high heritage potential. Owing to its long history, the study region has many heritage sites; however, its tourism potential has yet to be tapped. The study emphasizes the significance of shifting surges in tourism forms in managing sustainable tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of storage standards for databases of different natures and origins makes it possible to aggregate and interact with different data sources in order to obtain and show complex and thematic information to the end user. This article aims to analyze some possibilities opened up by new applications and hypothesize their possible developments. With this work, using the currently available Web technologies, we would like to verify the potential for the use of Linked Open Data in the world of WebGIS and illustrate an application that allows the user to interact with Linked Open Data through their representation on a map. Italy has an artistic and cultural heritage unique in the world and the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism has created and made freely available a dataset in Linked Open Data format that represents it. With the aim of enhancing and making this heritage more usable, the National Research Council (CNR) has created an application that presents this heritage via WebGIS on a map. Following criteria definable by the user, such as the duration, the subject of interest and the style of the trip, tourist itineraries are created through the places that host this heritage. New possibilities open up where the tools made available by the Web can be used together, according to pre-established sequences, to create completely new applications. This can be compared to the use of words, all known in themselves, which, according to pre-established sequences, allow us to create ever new texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What makes historical tourism so compelling? The author reflects upon her personal experience of Holocaust tourism to tease out its meaning and appeal. The paper considers the making of meaning through the in-situ experience, including through association, sensory perception, and imagination. The paradigm of dark tourism, traditionally associated with superficial consumption, is dismissed as being too naive a rendering of the visitor experience. Instead, the author commends the tourist's inherent capacity to make connections between the past and the present, and thereby generate meaning. Ultimately, however, the author finds her most authentic response to "being there" is one of commemoration, since she knows that what she is visiting in the present is not history itself, but merely a memory of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of industrial integration, the collaborative agglomeration of the cultural and tourism industries is an important way to promote their integrated development and achieve both industrial transformation and upgrading. This article first analyzes the dynamics of the cultural and tourism industries as a collaborative agglomeration. A system dynamics model is then presented which represents the perspective and reveals the mechanics of this partnership between the two industries. Finally, the authors use this model to simulate the path made possible by their collaborative agglomeration. The results show: (1) From the perspective of industrial policy, the promotion and guidance function of industrial policy elements still needs strengthening in the collaborative development of China's cultural and tourism industries. (2) From the perspective of industrial economy, the promotion function of industrial economic factors still needs improving in the collaborative agglomeration and development of China's cultural and tourism industries. (3) From the perspective of the joint effect of industrial policy and economy, the collaborative effect of industrial policies and economic factors is more conducive to promoting the collaborative agglomeration development of China's cultural and tourism industries. The research in this article can provide theoretical support and policy recommendations for promoting coordinated development of China's cultural and tourism industries and can also provide the experience needed to serve as a reference for the joint development of tourism and culture in other similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragmented guidance and unbalanced climate adaptation efforts for tangible and intangible cultural heritage are challenging the long-term sustainability of coastal tourism destinations. Conceptualizing and quantifying adaptation paradigms that optimize cultural heritage preservation from multi-faceted perspectives under fiscal constraints is highly prioritized by coastal tourism destinations. Informed by the Modern Portfolio Theory, this study developed, tested, and evaluated four adaptation paradigms using machine-learning approaches to optimize the historical significance, tangible, and intangible values of multi-type cultural heritage in Gulf Island National Seashore across a 30-year planning horizon under varying fiscal constraints. Results indicated that adaptation paradigms can provide transformative and flexible preservation portfolios to preserve tangible and intangible uses when facing degradation or loss from inadequate funding and intensifying climate threats. The mixed-paradigm framework optimizes preservation efforts between tangible and intangible cultural heritage quantitatively and can be generalized to coastal tourism destinations globally as a sustainable climate adaptation decision support tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Tourism through Folklore: Challenges and Opportunities" salons were organized by the Fellows of the American Folklore Society. Participants were clear-eyed about the damage to the integrity of cultural practices and community life that is often engendered by tourism, but they also considered concrete solutions involving greater community agency and the sustainable tourism initiatives of folklorists. They noted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on spurring regenerative tourism. These salons considered the opportunities and pitfalls of immersive tourism experiences, how host/guest relationships can be reconfigured, and approaches for controlling access to over-touristed areas. Folklorists were viewed as being well-equipped to educate about culturally appropriate behavior and to generate substantive interpretative materials, both of which may require collaboration with the tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Folklorists should enable communities to research and represent their culture on their own terms through yielding authority and facilitating their investigation of the community's own heritage. Community scholar programs in the United States provide training in research, interpretation, and methods of representation. The Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage has carried out community-driven heritage programs in tourism, curriculum development, and the research and presentation of personal adornment. This liberatory, community-centered heritage work contrasts with some conventional approaches of cultural workers that reinforce colonialist and racist structures and the abuse of heritage by racist extremists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of cultural tourism in recent years refers to a process of cultural experience of tourist objects with cultural characteristics. It can not only vigorously carry forward the rich and colorful history and cultural deposits, but also combine the huge economic and cultural benefits generated by tourism, and promote the rapid development of cultural construction. Cultural tourism is a kind of way that all kinds of social groups enjoy, and it is a deep and lasting way of communication, which can promote the communication between people of different social strata. The existing literature has explored the influence of tourists' psychological carrying capacity, but failed to explain the process and degree of influence. Based on behavioral and experience theories, this paper proposes that culture has a positive impact on tourists' psychological carrying capacity through tourist experience, and tests relevant hypotheses. The primary psychological traits of historical and cultural tourists include curiosity about historical mysteries, the desire for historical knowledge, motivation to collect spiritual enrichment, academic interest in cultural heritage exploration, and an aesthetic appreciation for classical history. Key determinants include the scale and conservation of historical and cultural resources, their combination with natural attractions, and the personal qualities of tourists and the cultural competence of tour guides. The mental health care model combines tourism and psychology to facilitate both physical and mental well-being through professional psychological counseling services, aiding tourists in their recovery and self-healing. This integrated approach offers a broad scope and potential as an effective tool for addressing negative emotions, with demonstrated therapeutic effects focusing on psychological and social factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of Korean dramas and pop music, known as Hallyu or the Korean Wave, has positively impacted South Korea's tourism and cultural exports. Nevertheless, studies about Korean foreign direct investment (FDI) associated with the Hallyu phenomenon are still scarce. Thus, this study attempts to investigate Korean FDI that flows to Indonesia under such a phenomenon. Data was collected through documents and relevant video reviews which was then followed by a key informant interview. The findings showed that the rising trend of Korean pop music in Indonesia has gradually stimulated Korean investors to invest in industries promoting the transmitted Hallyu culture, such as broadcasting, TV and video production, sound recording and music publishing. Despite the amount of investment remaining lower than in the heavy and manufacturing industries, the study indicates an increase in Korean FDI in Indonesia's content industries due to the high demand for Korean cultural content and the country's ongoing bilateral commitment to South Korea. This study adds to our understanding of how global familiarity with a cultural phenomenon may affect FDI inflows to the country from which that phenomenon originates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In marking 400 years since the first enslaved Africans arrived to Jamestown, United States in 1619, the Ghana government through the Ghana Tourism Authority initiated the Year of Return 2019 (#YOR2019). The goal was to unite Africans in the diaspora with those on the continent, especially in Ghana, through a year-long calendar of commercial and commemorative slavery heritage tourism activities ranging from visits to slavery sites, healing ceremonies, theatre and musical performances, festivals, investment forums and relocation conferences. When a destination tourism product is rooted in a less-than-desirable past, how is 'balance' achieved between commercialization and commemoration? In exploring this conceptual question, we developed a methodological innovation utilizing the social media platform Twitter for data collection. Using a social media crawler coded in Python programming language, we scrapped tweets from the accounts of the Ghana Tourism Authority prior, during, and after the YOR2019 based on hashtag searches. After data cleaning, 1010 tweets were inductively analysed using NVIVO qualitative data analysis software. The findings revealed three emergent themes along a commodification-commemoration continuum: (1) the eventification and festivalisation of slavery heritage tourism, (2) celebrity co-production of YOR2019 experiences through social media and (3) pivoting from a predominantly slavery heritage destination to a destination that focuses on other touristic and business travel. Ultimately, YOR2019 marked a significant push by Ghana to move into a 'Beyond the Return' phase that pivots away from slavery heritage towards a more well-rounded tourism product for roots, leisure, and business travellers. The research established that commodification in slavery heritage tourism does not inherently destroy cultural meanings but provide new commemorative meanings for a new generation of Black travellers searching for more than just their roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the destinations they visit, tourists wish to see historical structures with that they can establish a connection with. The effects of nostalgic bonds established through experiences can be evaluated only by the determination of individuals' developing intentions and judgments. The main purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between nostalgic emotions, memorable tourism experience, satisfaction, revisit intention, and recommendation intention. In this regard, views of the tourists who visited İstanbul were collected through surveys. A total of 483 surveys were obtained and the data were analyzed using AMOS software. The obtained results showed that strong nostalgic bonds had a positive impact on behavioral intentions such as revisit intention by increasing satisfaction and memorability. The findings of this paper indicated that nostalgic emotions significantly affect memorable tourism experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book review discusses "Sustainability, Big Data, and Corporate Social Responsibility Evidence from the Tourism Industry" by Mohammed El Amine Abdelli, Nadia Mansour, Atilla Akbaba, and Enric Serradell-Lopez. The book explores the relationship between digital transformation, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility in the tourism sector. It provides a comprehensive evaluation that can benefit tourism practitioners, educators, investors, and students. The review highlights the different chapters of the book, which cover topics such as sustainability in tourism, the impact of environmental practices on hotel performance, economic sustainability, digital tourism, and corporate social responsibility. The book is recommended as a reference for decision-making and strategy evaluation in the tourism industry. [Extracted from the article]

Indonesia has many traditional's arts. However, not all Indonesian people treat them to protect sacred objects since art is considered as a finished cultural product. Considering that the performing arts have not been well communicated for providing and empowering the community's benefits except for home entertainment and stage performances, this research aims to create a model of performing arts communication through empowering cultural art-based tourism. The research method used is a qualitative approach and creative artwork using the R&D method by analyzing various performing arts in West Java, by collaborating on art's packaged in the form of tourist performance, field tests are carried out through performances in tourist areas, performances through art's festivals. This research resulted in a workflow for developing cultural art to create art products and cultural art-based tourism spaces to arrive at a model of performing art's communication. An important contribution from the perspective of performing arts communication is the understanding of value relations between actors and their public. Social, cultural, economic, political, educational, environmental, and tourism's values become meaningful references in creating art and tourism spaces for the community's sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism development allows the enhancement of the heritage of local cultural resources, expressing the territorial potential. The Systematic Literature Review shown in this paper highlight the relationship between "cultural heritage" and "tourism". The current state of the art and the specific relationships between the contents of the selected publications demonstrate that tourism is an indispensable tool in local communication and cultural promotion policies and strategies. The qualitative results allow the identification of cultural tourism geographies that coincide with four thematic clusters not evident in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Placemaking accounts for multiple strategies used by communities to address their central concerns to create vibrant areas for people to live and connect with each other. Placemakers are the individuals who lead projects into action around development of communities that they often hold individual interest in as residents, business owners, and city leaders. Placemakers with financial stake in an area—business and property owners—are critical agents to examine in economically driven and city-led redevelopment projects. Growing economic interest in revitalization has overlapped with placemakers' roles in cities across the USA. This study looks at intra- and interethnic conflict among placemakers in the downtown business district of a Southern California Mexican-majority community which, in 2015, became ethnically branded to pay homage to its immigrant past and become a site of cultural tourism. Based on three years of ethnographic fieldwork and 43 in-depth interviews, I show how placemakers in two business groups navigate decision-making processes around the practices and projects they engage in, to answer the following questions: under what conditions does conflict emerge among placemakers working within an ethnic brand? How do placemakers in branded communities navigate conflict? I show how the two groups clash around the ethnic character of the area where they conduct business, and, because of these differences, co-exist through co-specialization in the same space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the last quarter of the twentieth century, increased tourism in traditional settlements have led to the adaptive reuse of built vernacular heritage to serve the tourism industry. The adaptive reuse of historic buildings is considered a conservation strategy and an alternative to new constructions in historic environments. Nevertheless, the adaptive reuse of built vernacular heritage and its socio-spatial impacts have not yet been sufficiently investigated. To fill the gap, this paper, focuses on Cappadocia, Turkey, where adaptive reuse of individual vernacular houses has recently paved the way for the transformation of an entire neighbourhood, the historic neighbourhood of Kayakapı, into a 'holiday village.' This study argues that traditional settlements and communities in Cappadocia have been subjected to 'gentrification' and so-called 'Disneyfication.' Such historic environments are facing controversial physical interventions, detached from local communities and devoted to a single function, namely tourism, becoming 'stereotypical and depersonalised.' The study further argues that the current situation is incompatible with international heritage and conservation policies. Correspondingly, to reveal the potential conflicts, the recent revitalisation project of the historic neighbourhood of Kayakapı in Cappadocia is examined as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]