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This study examined the fermentation duration in relation to the effectiveness of tannin levels in mangrove (Sonneratia alba) fruit during the fermentation process using Aspergillus niger. The tested durations were 7, 10, 13, and 16 days in anaerobic conditions. The outcomes measured included crude fat, crude fibre, and nitrogen-free extract digestibility. Microbial biomass, protozoa population, and methane gas production were also recorded as responses to the rumen microbial activity. The results showed that 16 days of fermentation gave the highest average for all responses. The protozoa population reached around 4.07 × 105 cells/ml and methane gas amounted to 33.9 ml/g of dry matter (DM). This is caused by a decrease in the anti-nutrient tannin content in mangrove (S. alba) fruit due to fermentation by A. niger according to treatment. The conclusion of this research is that the 16-day fermentation treatment (T4) of mangrove fruit is the optimal time to be used as a source of concentrate feed for livestock in terms of the increase in nutritional value and gastrointestinal microbes represented by total protozoa population, crude fibre digestibility, crude fat digestibility, and the highest nitrogen-free extract digestibility. However, microbial biomass and methane gas production were not significantly different in this study.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the nutritional composition and rumen fermentation attributes of the tithonia plant (Tithonia diversifolia) treated with Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria at different fermentation durations and doses. Materials and Methods: In this research, an experimental approach employed a factorial pattern with two factors as treatments with three replications using a complete randomized design. The primary factor was the dose of L. bulgaricus inoculum, with concentrations at 2% and 3%. The secondary factor examined during the study revolved around the duration of fermentation, offering three time frames of 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days for analysis. The inoculum of L. bulgaricus contained 65 × 1015 CFU/ml. Results: The use of L. bulgaricus bacteria on tithonia plants (T. diversifolia) with different inoculum doses and fermentation times demonstrated a highly significant effect and significant disparities (p < 0.05). In phytic acid content, nutrient content (crude protein (CP), crude fiber, crude fat, and dry matter (DM)), and in vitro digestibility, which includes DM, organic matter (OM), CP, volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH3, and gas production. However, it did not show any significant interaction between pH and OM content. Conclusion: The optimal results of nutrient profiling and in vitro digestibility, including DM, OM, CP, rumen pH, VFA, NH3 (ammonia), and gas production, were observed when the tithonia plant (T. diversifolia) was fermented using L. bulgaricus with 3% inoculum doses and a fermentation time of 5 days. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 146-152]

Background and Aim: The availability of minerals in the soil affect the mineral content of mangrove leaves. This study aimed to determine the macro- and micromineral contents in the environment and mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) as animal feed in the coastal areas of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: In this study, soil, water, and mangrove leaves were extracted from the mangrove plant's environment. The mineral contents were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer of Beijing Rayleigh Analytical Instrument Corporation (make and country of origin). The total phenol and tannin contents were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and hide-powder methods, respectively. Results: The mineral content of the soil affected the mineral content of the plants. The soil and leaves of A. marina in the Pariaman area were richer in terms of macro- and microminerals. The soil had pH value, organic carbon content, leaf nitrogen content, phosphorus, calcium, and potassium of 5.65, 4.21%, 3.39%, 0.17%, 1.99%, and 0.54%, respectively. A. marina leaves had a total phenol and tannin contents of 24.51 mg GAE/g check the unit and 4.09%, respectively. Conclusion: This research showed that the mineral content in the soil in several mangrove areas in West Sumatra has a positive correlation with the mineral content in the leaves of A. marina, which have a complete mineral content. Therefore, A. marina leaves could be recommended as a mineral source for ruminants.

ABSTRAK. Pucuk tebu dan titonia merupakan hijauan alternatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi dan sumber protein pada ternak ruminansia, tetapi terkendala dengan adanya kandungan lignin dan zat anti nutrisi. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi pucuk tebu dan titonia fermentasi terhadap kecernaan fraksi serat (NDF, ADF, selulosa dan hemiselulosa) secara in-vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu A (100% Pucuk Tebu Fermentasi + 0% Titonia Fermentasi), B (75% Pucuk Tebu Fermentasi + 25% Titonia Fermentasi), C (50% Pucuk Tebu Fermentasi + 50% Titonia Fermentasi), dan D (25% Pucuk Tebu Fermentasi + 75% Titonia Fermentasi) dengan 5 ulangan. Pengaruh perlakuan terhadap parameter yang diuji dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan jika ada perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda sangat nyata (P0,01) terhadap kecernaan fraksi serat (NDF, ADF, selulosa dan hemiselulosa). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan C (50% Pucuk Tebu Fermentasi + 50% titonia Fermentasi) memberikan hasil yang terbaik terhadap kecernaan NDF (78,13%), ADF (76,76%), selulosa (80,81%) dan hemiselulosa (81,11 %). (In-vitro digestibility of fiber fractions combination of sugarcane tops and tithonia as ruminant feed) ABSTRACT. Sugarcane tops and tithonia are alternative forages that can be used as an energy source and protein source in ruminants, but are constrained by the presence of lignin and anti nutrients. For this reason, a study was conducted to determine the effect of a combination of fermented sugarcane tops and fermented tithonia on the digestion of the fiber fraction(NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose).The research design used a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments, namely A (100% fermented sugarcane tops and 0% fermented tithonia), B (75% fermented sugarcane tops and 25% fermented tithonia), C (50% fermented sugarcane tops and 50% fermented tithonia), D (25% fermented sugarcane tops and 75% fermented tithonia) with 5 replications. Effect of treatment on parameters tested using analysis of variance and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if there are differences between treatments. The results of experiments showed that treatments gave a very significant difference (P 0.01) to the in-vitro digestibility of fiber fraction (NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the treatment C (50% sugarcane tops fermentation and 50% fermented tithonia) gives the best results on the in-vitro digestibility of fiber fraction NDF (78,13%), ADF (76,76%), cellulose (80,81%) and hemicellulose (81,11 %).

Abstract. The highest-ranking disease in Kunangan Village, Taman Rajo District, Muaro Jambi District is ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection). Objective: To increase public knowledge about ARI starting from understanding, causes, risk factors, prevention and treatment both conventional and traditional. Method: counseling and distribution of pamphlets, research results: 80% of 15 respondents have understood the material presented. Furthermore, responding to the issue of dangerous cosmetics circulating in the community thus encouraging the team to conduct counseling. Purpose: To increase public knowledge about what cosmetics are, what are harmful cosmetics ingredients and how to recognize illegal cosmetics. Method: counseling and distribution of pamphlets, research results: 75% of 86 respondents have understood the material presented. Keywords: ARI, cosmetics, counseling Abstrak. Penyakit dengan peringkat tertitinggi di Desa Kunangan Kecamatan Taman Rajo Kabupaten Muaro Jambi adalah penyakit ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut). Tujuan: Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai ISPA mulai dari pengertian, penyebab, faktor resiko, pencegahan dan pengobatan baik konvensional maupun tradisional. Metode: penyuluhan dan pembagian pamflet, hasil penelitian: 80% dari 15 responden telah paham mengenai materi yang disampaikan. Selanjutnya, menanggapi isu kosmetik berbahaya yang beredar di masyarakat sehingga mendorong tim untuk melakukan penyuluhan. Tujuan: Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai apa itu kosmetika, apa saja bahan berbahaya kosmetika dan cara mengenali kosmetik ilegal. Metode: penyuluhan dan pembagian pamflet, hasil penelitian: 75% dari 86 responden telah paham mengenai materi yang disampaikan. Kata Kunci: ISPA, kosmetika, penyuluhan