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We study structure formation in the late Universe within the Vlasov kinetic self-consistent field approach. Our work is principally focused on the use of the modified gravitational potential with a repulsive term of the cosmological constant, which is directly linked to observations that enable characterizations of the Hubble tension as the result of local and global flows. We formulate the criteria for the formation of the semi-periodic gravitating structures, along with the predictions of their quantitative scales associated with observable parameters. Our principal conclusion is that filament formation in the Local (late) Universe can proceed as a deterministic process that is distinct from the structures at larger scales that result from the essentially stochastic dynamics of density perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an automated approach to detect and extract information from the astronomical data sets on the shapes of such objects as galaxies, star clusters and, especially, elongated ones such as the gravitational lenses. First, the Kolmogorov stochasticity parameter is used to retrieve the sub-regions that are worth further attention. Then we turn to image processing and machine learning Principal Component Analysis algorithm to retrieve the sought objects and reveal the information on their morphologies. We show the capability of our automated method to identify distinct objects and to classify them based on the input parameters. A catalogue of possible lensing objects is retrieved as an output of the software, then their inspection is performed for the candidates that survive the filters applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Galactic halos are of great importance for our understanding of both the dark matter nature and primordial non-Gaussianity in the perturbation spectrum, a powerful discriminant of the physical mechanisms that generated the cosmological fluctuations observed today. In this paper we analyze Planck data towards the galaxy M 104 (Sombrero) and find an asymmetry in the microwave temperature which extends up to about 1° from the galactic center. This frequency-independent asymmetry is consistent with that induced by the Doppler effect due to the galactic rotation and we find a probability of less than about 0.2% that it is due to a random fluctuation of the microwave background. In addition, Planck data indicate the relatively complex dynamics of the M 104 galactic halo, and this appears to be in agreement with previous studies. In view of our previous analysis of the dark halos of nearby galaxies, this finding confirms the efficiency of the method used in revealing and mapping the dark halos around relatively nearby edge-on galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a follow-up of a previous paper about the M 82 galaxy and its halo based on Planck observations. As in the case of M 82, a substantial north-south and east-west temperature asymmetry is also found for the M 81 galaxy, extending up to galactocentric distances of about 1.5°. The temperature asymmetry is almost frequency independent and can be interpreted as a Doppler-induced effect related to the M 81 halo rotation and/or triggered by the gravitational interaction of the galaxies within the M 81 Group. Along with the analogous study of several nearby edge-on spiral galaxies, the cosmic microwave background temperature asymmetry method thus is shown to act as a direct tool to map the galactic haloes and/or the intergalactic bridges, invisible in other bands or by other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frame-dragging, one of the outstanding phenomena predicted by General Relativity, is efficiently studied by means of the laser-ranged satellites LARES, LAGEOS and LAGEOS 2. The accurate analysis of the orbital perturbations of Earth's solid and ocean tides has been relevant for increasing the accuracy in the test of frame-dragging using these three satellites. The Earth's tidal perturbations acting on the LARES satellite are obtained for the 110 significant modes of corresponding Doodson number and are exhibited to enable the comparison to those of the LAGEOS and LAGEOS-2 satellites. For LARES we represent 29 perturbation modes for l = 2, 3, 4 for ocean tides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser ranging satellites have proved their efficiency for high precision testing of the effect of frame-dragging, one of the remarkable predictions of General Relativity. The analysis of the randomness properties of the residuals of LAGEOS and LAGEOS 2 satellites reveals the role of the thermal thrust -- Yarkovsky effect -- on the satellite which was in the orbit for longer period (LAGEOS). We also compute Earth's tidal modes affecting the satellite LARES. The recently obtained 5% accuracy limit reached for the frame dragging effect based on the 3.5 year data of LARES analyzed together with those of LAGEOS satellites and using the Earth gravity model of GRACE satellite, is also represented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planck data towards the active galaxy Centaurus A are analyzed in the 70, 100 and 143 GHz bands. We find a temperature asymmetry of the northern radio lobe with respect to the southern one that clearly extends at least up to 5° from the Cen A center and diminishes towards the outer regions of the lobes. That transparent parameter - the temperature asymmetry - thus has to carry a principal information, i.e. indication on the line-of-sight bulk motion of the lobes, while the increase of that asymmetry at smaller radii reveals the differential dynamics of the lobes as expected at ejections from the center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planck data acquired during the first 15.4 months of observations toward both the disk and halo of the M31 galaxy were analyzed. We confirm the temperature asymmetry that was previously detected by using the seven-year WMAP data in the direction of the rotation of M31, which indicates that this is a Doppler-induced effect. The asymmetry extends to about 10° (≃130 kpc) from the center of M31. We also investigated the recent problem raised in Rubin and Loeb (2014, JCAP, 01, 051) about the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from the diffuse hot gas in the Local Group, which is predicted to generate a hot spot of a few degrees in size in the cosmic microwave background maps in the direction of M31, where the free electron optical depth is highest. We also considered whether the same effect in the opposite direction with respect to the M31 galaxy induces a minimum in temperature in the Planck maps of the sky. We find that the Planck data at 100 GHz show an even stronger effect than that expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of the cold spot, of a non-Gaussian anomaly in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky detected earlier by Vielva et al. (2004, ApJ, 609, 22), is studied using the data by Planck satellite. The map obtained of the degree of stochasticity (K-map) of CMB for the cold spot, reveals, most clearly in 100 GHz band, a shell-type structure with a center coinciding with the minima of the temperature distribution. The shell structure is non-Gaussian at a 4s confidence level. Such behavior of the K-map supports the void nature of the cold spot. The method applied can be used for tracing voids that have no signatures in redshift surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]