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The magnetic composite of Fe3O4 and carbon nanotube (MCNT) was fabricated in a facile one-pot solvothermal method and employed to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and other pollutants. The effects of operational factors including MCNT dosage and PDS dosage were studied, and high removal efficiencies of 84.2–99.5% were achieved for these pollutants with 0.3 g/L MCNT and 4 mM PDS. The effects of environmental factors including initial pH, inorganic cations, inorganic anions, humic acid and water matrix were also studied. Reusability test showed that the removal efficiency declined in four consecutive runs, which was attributed to the adsorbed oxidation products on the catalyst surface. Based on quenching experiments, solvent exchange (H2O to D2O), inductively coupled plasma and open circuit potential tests, it was concluded that radicals of ·OH/SO4·− and the non-radical electron-transfer pathway were involved in the MCNT/PDS system, and the contributions of O2·−, 1O2, high-valent iron-oxo species and homogenous activation were insignificant. Moreover, the orbital-weighted Fukui functions of RhB were calculated by density functional theory, and its plausible degradation pathway was proposed based on the calculation results. Finally, toxicity evaluation of the degradation products was performed in the quantitative structure-activity relationship approach. HIGHLIGHTS RhB and other organic pollutants were efficiently degraded with the MCNT/PDS system.; OH, SO4·− and the non-radical electron-transfer pathway were mainly responsible.; The degradation pathway was proposed based on LC-MS and DFT calculations.; Toxicity evaluation of the degradation products was performed using ECOSAR.;

The excellent properties of micro-nano materials and structures have attracted extensive attention especially in wastewater treatment. Based on this, magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) have been prepared and used for the sorptive removal of five typical cationic dyes from aqueous solutions in the present study. Effects of several operational and environmental factors were investigated carefully, including initial pH values, common ions, contact time and temperature. The kinetics processes were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacities on MMWCNTs at 298.15 K for malachite green oxalate, auramine O, neutral red, crystal violet and rhodamine B were 442.2, 295.2, 183.4, 165.3 and 143.0 mg g−1, respectively. Differences in the size, structure and properties of these dyes led to the difference of adsorption amounts. ΔG0 were all negative within the temperature range tested, which meant the adsorption processes were spontaneous in nature. Moreover, the adsorption processes of targeted dyes, except auramine O, were exothermic and entropy decreasing. The regeneration studies indicated that the MMWCNTs showed high reusability and removal efficiencies above 75% can be achieved after four consecutive cycles. For the adsorption mechanism, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonds, π-π interaction together with hydrophobic interaction could coexist during the adsorption process. HIGHLIGHTS MMWCNTs were applied to the adsorption of five cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.; Various environmental factors were investigated during the adsorption process.; The MMWCNTs have high adsorption capacity for all five cationic dyes.; The MMWCNTs showed high reusability after several consecutive cycles.;

In 1980, Zeng Zhaofen, an academic at Tsinghua University, co-founded World Architecture, a journal devoted to introducing global architecture to China. While steering the journal’s operations by editing articles and organizing academic activities during his editorship (1980–1995), Zeng seldom published architecture criticism in his own periodical, but rather did so in the journal’s local rival, The Architect. His writings, with their strongly committed political and operative tendencies, became one of the leading voices advocating for abstract modernism in 1980s China. This paper draws on Walter Benjamin’s notion of the constellation, using Zeng’s critical activities as a vehicle to examine the conditions of possibility for journal culture and architecture criticism. It argues that The Architect journal and Zeng’s published criticism maintained a shared character as a constellation through juxtaposing multiple texts, architects, projects, and ideas and presenting coherent positions within an underlying structuralized pattern—reconstructing the repressed discourse of modernism. The historical appearance of this intellectual constellation was dependent on a vibrant ecosystem of architecture criticism that reached its heyday in the 1980s, characterized by the dynamic and productive interactions between critics, editors, architects, and other stakeholders in a relaxed socio-political climate.

Abstract Purpose To characterize plasma cell‐free cancer genome chromosomal instabilities (CIN) in patients with liver cancer and to evaluate the potential of CIN as minimally invasive biomarkers for primary liver cancer (PLC) diagnoses. Experimental Design We collected 196 plasma samples from 172 individuals in two cohorts, a discovery cohort of surgery ineligible PLC patients and a validation cohort of hepatectomy patients with pathological disease confirmations. All samples were subjected to HiSeq X10 sequencing followed by a customized bioinformatics workflow Ultrasensitive Chromosome Aneuploidy Detection (UCAD). Results In the discovery cohort, 29 significant copy number changes were identified in plasma from surgery‐ineligible PLC. Twenty‐two (95.7%) surgery‐ineligible liver cancers were identified as harboring copy number changes in at least 1 of 29 segments. Meanwhile 40/41 (97.6%) noncancers harbored no changes. In the validation cohort, 54 (69.4%) surgery‐eligible liver cancers were identified with positive screening, all of which were subsequently confirmed as cancer by pathological examination. Moreover, 26/27 = 96.3% noncancers were identified with negative screening. UCAD‐positive screening was significantly associated with microvascular invasion (OR > 10, 95% CI:[2.53,]), tumor stages B and C (OR = 8.59, 95% CI [1.07, 400]), and tumor size ≥ 3 cm (OR = 5.68, 95% CI [1.43, 28.1]). Furthermore, we collected 29 followed‐up plasma samples from 19 postsurgery patients. Nine (31.0%) postsurgery samples from 6 (31.5%) patients were identified with positive screening. Among them, 3 patients (50.0%) with positive screening were then confirmed as having disease recurrences. Conclusions In addition to AFP, plasma cell‐free DNA sequencing is a useful tool for primary liver cancer diagnoses.

Construction aid was a physical tool – and indeed a key tactical manoeuvre – of international diplomacy that became especially obvious during the Cold War period. Among the outcomes of construction aid were cultural and technical exchanges between the donor and recipient countries. This essay examines the typical construction aid projects gifted by the Chinese Communist government and professionals to developing countries in Asia and African during the era of Chairman Mao Zedong, with a focus on key Asian examples. The remarkably high percentage of national income spent by Maoist China on construction aid might have increased the burden upon the lives of ordinary Chinese people, yet they gave Chinese architects rare opportunities to practice Modernism in overseas environments. The strength of the technical forces of the Chinese Communist state, and the wisdom of Chinese designers, were notably crystallized through a series of conference halls and stadiums built across Asia. These construction aid projects informed similar designs back in China, which led in turn to further innovations that could then again be exported abroad. Altogether it represents an important non-Western strand within Modernist architecture of the twentieth century.

The articles the Chinese experimental architecture from the 1990s through the early 2000s, including the influence that Chinese architectural journal "Time + Architecture/Shidai Jianzhu" played in this regard. An overview of Chinese experimental architects, including Yung Ho Chang, Wang Shu, Tang Hua, Wu Yue, and Zhao Bing, is provided. An overview of the architectural criticism published within "Time + Architecture's" articles, including by writer Ming Ke of architecture designed by Yung Ho Chang, is also provided.

Four quantitative structure-activity relationships were developed for toxicity of selected photosynthesis (PHS) inhibitors and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors to Chlorella Vulgaris and Raphidocelis subcapitata using a mechanism-based approach. These models have good fitness and predictive ability. The potential of electron transfer, intermolecular interactions with weak electron-transfer, and intermolecular dispersive interactions between PHS inhibitors and the active site of action are key factors influencing the toxicity of these PHS inhibitors. Intermolecular weak electron-transfer interactions and intermolecular dispersive interactions mainly determine the toxicity of these ALS inhibitors. Sulfonyl is an important functional group governing the toxicity of ALS inhibitors investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the importance of octanol--air partition coefficients (KOA) in describing the partition of organic pollutants from air to environmental organic phases, the paucity of KOA data at different environmental temperatures, and the difficulty or high expenditures involved in experimental determination, the development of predictive models for KOA is necessary. Approaches such as this are greatly needed to evaluate the environmental fate of the ever-increasing list of production chemicals. Partial least squares (PLS) regression with 18 molecular structural descriptors was used to develop predictive models based on directly measured KOA values of selected chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes, polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins/ dibenzofurans, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organochlorine pesticides (OPs). An optimization procedure resulted in two temperature-dependent universal predictive models that explained at least 91% of the variance of log KOA. Model 1 was the more general of the two models that could be used for all the persistent organic pollutant (POP) classes investigated. Although model 1 performed poorly for select OPs, this was attributed to wide variability in structural types within this subset of POPs and their diversity compared to the other POP classes that were investigated. The exclusion of the structurally complex OP subset resulted in a more precise model, model 5. Intermolecular dispersive interactions (induced dipole--induced dipole forces) between octanol and solute molecules play a decisive role in governing KOA and its temperature dependence. Further investigations are needed to better characterize the steric structures of the POPs under study, especially of OPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the active species and catalytic properties of CuO/CeO2-TiO2 catalysts for NO+CO reaction. Determination of the surface area of catalysts; Performance of gas chromatography using a thermal conductivity detector; Examination of the structural properties of titanium dioxide.

Background/aims: To evaluate the benefits of the tumor thrombus types system on determining treatments and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HCC) with tumor thrombi in the portal vein., Methodology: According to anatomic features of the portal vein in the liver and tumor thrombus of HCC developing modes, a uniform tumor thrombus types system (types I-IV) was first recommended. 84 HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombi, which from January 2000 to January 2003 in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, were divided into I-IV groups according to types I-IV of the tumor thrombus system. The median survival periods and effectiveness of surgical resection or non-resection for I-IV groups were retrospectively observed., Results: The median survival periods for patients of group I (n=17), II (n=26), III (n=35) and group IV (n=6) were 10.1, 7.2, 5.7 and 3.0 months, respectively (p = 0.0001). From tumor thrombus type I to type III, the patients received surgical resection were better than that of non-resection (P = 0.0006). Among the patients receiving resection treatment, resection of tumor thrombus type I had the best effects, while for patients with tumor thrombus type IV, the results were not good. In case of non-resection treatments, the survival periods of patients with tumor thrombi type I, II and III were similar, which supposed that TACE may be of little effects on tumor thrombi., Conclusions: Types of tumor thrombus system suggested may be helpful to determine the treatments and prognosis of HCC patients with tumor thrombi in the portal vein.