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Student engagement in Career and Technical Student Organizations (CTSOs) offer tremendous opportunities for content learning, leadership development, and career preparation. Included in the scope of CTSOs are skills contests, competitions designed to test student knowledge and skills within respective content areas. Within school-based agricultural education, these skills contests are called career development events (CDEs). Building upon existing research identifying the importance of CDE preparation to student performance and knowledge transfer, the current study quantified CDE preparation occurring within agricultural education classrooms, educator philosophies of CDEs, and the relationship between philosophies and CDE preparation. Findings indicate the majority of responding teachers held a student development philosophy and incorporated moderate to high amounts of CDE preparation within their classroom curriculum. Additionally, findings suggest a practically significant relationship between teacher philosophies and CDE preparation, with teachers possessing a competition and achievement philosophy facilitating the highest amount of CDE preparation during classroom instruction. In total, findings provide important insights into CDE preparation within agricultural education as well as a template for evaluating similar relationships throughout other CTE areas.

BackgroundMolecular-scale mechanisms of the enzymatic breakdown of cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars are still poorly understood, with a need for independent measurements of enzyme kinetic parameters. We measured binding times of cellobiohydrolase Trichoderma reesei Cel7A (Cel7A) on celluloses using wild-type Cel7A (WTintact), the catalytically deficient mutant Cel7A E212Q (E212Qintact) and their proteolytically isolated catalytic domains (CD) (WTcore and E212Qcore, respectively). The binding time distributions were obtained from time-resolved, super-resolution images of fluorescently labeled enzymes on cellulose obtained with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.ResultsBinding of WTintact and E212Qintact on the recalcitrant algal cellulose (AC) showed two bound populations: ~ 85% bound with shorter residence times of

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 2. Let G be one of the classical algebraic groups GL n (k) , SL n (k) , Sp n (k) , O n (k) or SO n (k) , and let g = Lie G . We determine the maximal G-stable closed subvariety V of the nilpotent cone N of g such that the G-orbits in V are in bijection with the G-orbits of s l 2 -triples (e, h, f) with e , f ∈ V . This result determines to what extent the theorems of Jacobson–Morozov and Kostant on s l 2 -triples hold for classical algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field of "small" odd characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-based psychedelics, such as psilocybin, have an ancient history of medicinal use. After the first English language report on LSD in 1950, psychedelics enjoyed a short-lived relationship with psychology and psychiatry. Used most notably as aids to psychotherapy for the treatment of mood disorders and alcohol dependence, drugs such as LSD showed initial therapeutic promise before prohibitive legislature in the mid-1960s effectively ended all major psychedelic research programs. Since the early 1990s, there has been a steady revival of human psychedelic research: last year saw reports on the first modern brain imaging study with LSD and three separate clinical trials of psilocybin for depressive symptoms. In this circumspective piece, RLC-H and GMG share their opinions on the promises and pitfalls of renewed psychedelic research, with a focus on the development of psilocybin as a treatment for depression.

Developmental stuttering (DS) is a neurodevelopmental speech-motor disorder characterized by symptoms such as blocks, repetitions, and prolongations. Persistent DS often has a significant negative impact on quality of life, and interventions for it have limited efficacy. Herein, we briefly review existing research on the neurophysiological underpinnings of DS -specifically, brain metabolic and default mode/social-cognitive networks (DMN/SCN) anomaliesarguing that psychedelic compounds might be considered and investigated (e.g., in randomized clinical trials) for treatment of DS. The neural background of DS is likely to be heterogeneous, and some contribution from genetically determinants of metabolic deficiencies in the basal ganglia and speech-motor cortical regions are thought to play a role in appearance of DS symptoms, which possibly results in a cascade of events contributing to impairments in speechmotor execution. In persistent DS, the difficulties of speech are often linked to a series of associated aspects such as social anxiety and social avoidance. In this context, the SCN and DMN (also influencing a series of fronto-parietal, somatomotor, and attentional networks) may have a role in worsening dysfluencies. Interestingly, brain metabolism and SCN/DMN connectivity can be modified by psychedelics, which have been shown to improve clinical evidence of some psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc.) associated with psychological constructs such as rumination and social anxiety, which also tend to be present in persistent DS. To date, while there have been no controlled trials on the effects of psychedelics in DS, anecdotal evidence suggests that these agents may have beneficial effects on stuttering and its associated characteristics. We suggest that psychedelics warrant investigation in DS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 17.7 million people in the U.S. care for older adults. Analyzing population datasets can increase our understanding of the needs of family caregivers of older adults. We reviewed 14 U.S. population-based datasets (2003–2023) including older adults' and caregivers' data to assess inclusion and measurement of 8 caregiving science domains, with a focus on whether measures were validated and/or unique variables were used. Challenges exist related to survey design, sampling, and measurement. Findings highlight the need for consistent data collection by researchers, state, tribal, local, and federal programs, for improved utility of population-based datasets for caregiving and aging research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an orthopaedic operation that improves quality of life and reduces pain in patients with disabling arthritis of the knee. One commonly recognized complication is flexion contracture of the knee. Early physical therapy helps prevent flexion contracture and improve range of motion (ROM) postoperatively. This study evaluated postoperative sleeping position and its effect on terminal knee extension and ROM following primary TKA. We hypothesized that patients who slept in the supine position would achieve earlier knee extension and greater ROM when compared to those in the lateral recumbent position. A total of 150 consecutive primary TKAs were performed by a single surgeon (J.M.C.) from April 2014 to December 2014. The data were collected prospectively to determine preoperative ROM, postoperative ROM, and sleeping position. Mean postoperative terminal extension ROM at 1 month was 2.9 degrees in the supine group versus 6.0 degrees (p < .001) in the lateral group. No significant demographic differences between the two groups at baseline were found. Our results demonstrate that sleeping position affects initial postoperative terminal extension, however, not overall ROM. We found a statistically significant difference in extension when comparing patients in the supine versus lateral group. Patients who slept in the lateral position lacked 6 degrees of extension which is greater than the 5 degrees needed for normal gait mechanics. Those in the supine group lacked 2.9 degrees of extension, allowing for normal gait mechanics. This study identifies an easy, effective means of increasing patients initial ability to achieve knee extension and satisfaction following TKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical manuscript acknowledges the three-circle model for agricultural education as an enduring guide for student success. To complement the three-circle model, authors adapted "donut economics" to craft the donut model for agriculture teacher success. Within the proposed model, teacher success is defined as a level of productivity which exists between teacheridentified lower bounds (i.e., levels of productivity which minimally meet their definition of "success") and upper bounds (i.e., levels of productivity exceeding limits created by other work and life responsibilities). Furthermore, teacher success includes having ample margin between lower and upper bounds, affording flexible and intentional allocation of time, energy, and emotion across work and life dimensions for the betterment of self, students, and society. Linkages between the proposed model, teacher satisfaction, teacher retention, and teacher attrition are also explored, suggesting the model may inform ongoing efforts to address the sustained agriculture teacher shortage. The manuscript concludes by exploring the practical utility of the donut model for agriculture teacher success, foregrounding how agriculture teachers can develop, evaluate, and communicate their own donut model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]