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Case C-454/18 Baltic Cable AB v Energimarknadsinspektionen, Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (Third Chamber) of 11 March 2020 The Court of Justice recently considered the application of use of congestion revenue regulations on the Baltic Cable electricity interconnector. The questions arose on referral from the Swedish Administrative Court after the owners of Baltic Cable contested decisions of the regulator, which severely restricted their use of revenues. The Court's judgment is significant as it clarifies that (i) single interconnector transmission system operators are classified as transmission system operators in the same way as those that operate a wider transmission system (potentially bringing both additional rights and obligations for those single interconnector operators); and (ii) the regulatory regime must be interpreted differently for single interconnector transmission system operators in order to avoid discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the significance of climate change to African countries. Topics discussed include the inability of Africa to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic through either lockdowns or implementation of vaccination programs and its implications for how the continent respond to and cope with the effects of climate change, the environmental, social and economic impacts of climate change, and the role of security policy in addressing these impacts in Africa.