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Author(s): Vanessa Ribeiro dos Santos [sup.1] [sup.2], Luís Alberto Gobbo [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, LABSIM, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São [...], Background/Objectives Physical activity (PA) could be effective in the prevention of functional disability in older women, especially for those with body composition abnormalities. The aim this study was to analyze the association of total PA and in different domains with physical function and functional capacity in older women with or without osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), as well as to assess the risk of functional disability in osteosarcopenic obesity older women insufficiently active. Subjects/Methods The study included 152 Brazilian older women, aged 60 years and older. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and physical function by physical tests. Functional capacity and PA were self-reported. Results In older women without OSO, the practice of leisure-time exercise ([beta]:-0.23; 95%CI -0.40 to -0.06) and total PA ([beta]:-0.40; 95%CI -0.57 to -0.23) is inversely associated with dependence in ADL. In older women with OSO, the practice of leisure-time exercise was inversely associated with physical function ([beta]:0.88; 95%CI 0.31-1.46) and functional capacity ([beta]:-1.05; 95%CI 1.64 to -0.45), while total PA ([beta]:-1.03; 95%CI -1.93 to -0.13) was inversely associated with functional capacity, independent of control variables. In addition, older women with OSO who remained insufficiently active in leisure-time exercise (HR:2.28; 95%CI 1.04-4.99) and locomotion (HR:2.62; 95%CI 1.28-5.36) domains presented risk for functional disability. Conclusions PA is inversely associated with physical function and functional capacity in older women with or without OSO, and older women with OSO who are insufficiently active in leisure-time exercise and locomotion domains presented a higher risk for functional disability.

The aim this study was to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of functional tests in the identification of osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), as well as other abnormalities related to low bone mineral density in older women in 24-month follow-up. The study included 152 older women. It was observed that the handgrip strength test presented sensitivity and specificity to identify OSO (0.63 and 0.76), respectively, and that older women with low performance in this test had a higher risk (hazard ratio: 3.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-8.96) of presenting OSO. The application of the handgrip strength test could be an alternative instrument for identification of OSO in older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fisioterapia e Pesquisa is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a hypertrophy-type resistance training protocol on phase angle, an indicator of cellular integrity, in young adult men and women. 28 men (22.2 ±4.3 years, 67.8 ±9.0 kg and 174.2 ±6.8 cm) and 31 women (23.2 ±4.1 years, 58.7 ±12.1 kg and 162.7 ± 6.4cm) underwent a progressive RT for 16 weeks (2 phases, 8 weeks each), 3 times per week, consisting of 10 to 12 whole body exercises with 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum. Phase angle, resistance, reactance and total body water (int-ra and extracellular water compartments) were assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy (Xitron 4200 Bioimpedance Spectrum Analyzer). Total body water, intracellular water and phase angle increased significantly (P<0.05) in men (7.8,8.3, and 4.3 %, respectively) and women (7.6,11.7, and 5.8 % respectively), with no significant difference between sexes (P>0.05). Bioimpedance resistance decreased (P<0.05) similarly in both sex (men = -4.8%, women = -3.8%). The results suggest that regardless of sex, progressive RT induces an increase in phase angle and a rise in cellular hydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance is the property of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education (24482455) is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Body composition is acknowledged as a determinant of athletic health and performance. Its assessment is crucial in evaluating the efficiency of a diet or aspects related to the nutritional status of the athlete. Despite the methods traditionally used to assess body composition, bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and bioelectric impedance vector analysis (BIVA) have recently gained attention in sports, as well as in a research context. Only until recently have specific regression equations and reference tolerance ellipses for athletes become available, while specific recommendations for measurement procedures still remain scarce. Therefore, the present narrative review summarizes the current literature regarding body composition analysis, with a special focus on BIA and BIVA. The use of specific technologies and sampling frequencies is described, and recommendations for the assessment of body composition in athletes are provided. Additionally, the estimation of body composition parameters (i.e., quantitative analysis) and the interpretation of the raw bioelectrical data (i.e., qualitative analysis) are examined, highlighting the innovations now available in athletes. Lastly, it should be noted that, up until 2020, the use of BIA and BIVA in athletes failed to provide accurate results due to unspecific equations and references; however, new perspectives are now unfolding for researchers and practitioners. In light of this, BIA and especially BIVA can be utilized to monitor the nutritional status and the seasonal changes in body composition in athletes, as well as provide accurate within- and between-athlete comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To analyze the lipid profile of older people aged ≥80 years according to body composition (high fat mass, low muscle mass and both). Material and method : The sample consisted of 113 older people aged ≥80 years. The assessment of body composition was made using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and the lipid profile analysis using an enzymatic colorimetric kit. We used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test to compare the mean of lipid profile according to body composition and were constructed logistic regression models to verify the association between these two variables. Results It was found that older people with high fat had higher mean values of TG compared to normal and low muscle mass group. Older people with low muscle mass showed mean values of LDL-c lower than other groups. It was observed that older people with high fat is more likely to have (OR 2.70; 95%CI 1.14-6.37) high blood concentration of TG. Conclusion Thus, it appears that high fat is related to the high blood concentration of TG in older people aged ≥80 years, especially those with Asian origin and diabetes besides those with low muscle mass shows lower mean values of LDL-c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) versus volume matched steady state exercise (SSE) on inflammatory and metabolic responses. Eight physically active male subjects completed two experimental sessions, a 5-km run on a treadmill either continuously (70% vVO2max) or intermittently (1:1 min at vVO2max). Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately, 30 and 60 minutes after the exercise session. Blood was analyzed for glucose, non-ester fatty acid (NEFA), uric acid, lactate, cortisol, and cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) levels. The lactate levels exhibited higher values immediately post-exercise than at rest (HIIE 1.34 ± 0.24 to 7.11 ± 2.85, and SSE 1.35 ± 0.14 to 4.06±1 .60 mmol⋅L-1, p < 0.05), but HIIE promoted higher values than SSE (p < 0.05); the NEFA levels were higher immediately post-exercise than at rest only in the SSE condition (0.71 ± 0.04 to 0.82±0.09 mEq/L, respectively, p < 0.05), yet, SSE promoted higher values than HIIE immediately after exercise (HIIE 0.72±0.03 vs SSE 0.82±0.09 mEq⋅L-1, p < 0.05). Glucose and uric acid levels did not show changes under the different conditions (p > 0.05). Cortisol, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels showed time-dependent changes under the different conditions (p < 0.05), however, the area under the curve of TNF-α in the SSE were higher than HIIE (p < 0.05), and the area under the curve of IL-6 in the HIIE showed higher values than SSE (p < 0.05). In addition, both exercise conditions promote increased IL-10 levels and IL-10/TNF-α ratio (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that both exercise protocols, when volume is matched, promote similar inflammatory responses, leading to an anti-inflammatory status; however, the metabolic responses are different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional resistance training compared to elastic tubes training on bioimpedance vector patterns, body composition, and strength in older women. Thirty-eight older women (age 68.7 ± 6.9 years, body mass index 28.8 ± 7.2 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to perform traditional resistance or elastic tubes training three times per week for 12 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis. In addition, handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer. Only the participants who followed the 12-week traditional resistance training program significantly (p < 0.05) decreased fat mass (ES: −0.69) and extracellular water (ES: −1.06), and increased total body water (ES: 0.49), intracellular water (ES: 1.11), body cell mass (ES: 0.82), muscle mass (ES: 0.94), and phase angle (ES: 0.99), while no change occurred in the elastic tubes training group. Furthermore, a vector leftward displacement (ES: 1.11) into the resistance-reactance graph was found only after the traditional resistance training program. The handgrip strength increased for both traditional and elastic tubes training groups (ES: 0.64, ES: 0.71, respectively). Traditional resistance training improved body composition and strength in the older women group, while training using elastic tubes was effective only for the latter. The present outcomes encourage the use of systematic resistance training to counteract the effects of aging in older women. • Resistance training with weight machines may be a potent stimulus to improve bioimpedance vector patterns and handgrip strength in older women. • Elastic tubes training offers a potential means for improving handgrip strength. • Training using elastic tubes may maintain but not improve body composition in older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Traditional resistance training and elastic resistance training are equally beneficial for the elderly. • Resistance training improved muscle strength, coordination, mobility and lipid profile in elderly. • Resistance training was unable to promote effects on inflammatory profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study is to analyze the changes in bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) and phase angle (PhA) in sarcopenic older people submitted to a 12-week resistance training (RT) program according to classic and specific analyses. To this end, 20 sarcopenic older adults of both sexes, invited through media, underwent bioimpedance analysis before and after the RT carried out three times a week, for 12 weeks. The mean impedance vectors of the groups established for the confidence ellipses (95% of the confidence ellipse) are compared using Hotelling's T 2 test. The distance D from Mahalanobis is also calculated. Classic and Specific BIVA are presented. The resistance values for the classical analyses (R/H) decreased across all groups (whole group, women and men, p < 0.05), with approximate decreases ranging from 9.4% to 10%, while the classic reactance (Xc/H) decreased (p < 0.05) only for the whole group (5.9%) and men (7.7%). For the specific BIVA, trends are verified for the whole sample, with a decrease in resistance (R.sp) and an increase in reactance (Xc.sp). In conclusion, the RT program in sarcopenic individuals promoted a reduction in resistance values in classical analyses, indicating a possible increase in hydration status and, consequently, musculoskeletal mass., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Anticancer treatment gives rise to adverse effects such as increased pain and changes to body weight and menstrual cycles, with negative effects on activities of daily living., Objective: To analyze the effect of food orientation combined with supervised (face-to-face, FF) versus home-based (HB) aerobic training on lifestyle (food consumption and daily physical activity (PA) levels), body composition, metabolic profile and cardiorespiratory fitness, among breast cancer survivors., Design and Setting: Clinical trial study (six months) conducted at a public university in Presidente Prudente, Brazil., Methods: Twenty-three female breast cancer survivors (40-75 years old) were allocated to aerobic training groups, either FF or HB. Both groups were trained and received food orientation. They were evaluated through a dietary record, ergometric treadmill test and blood test and the Baecke questionnaire., Results: After six months, both groups had reduced their lipid levels, total energy consumption and polyunsaturated fat intake, and had increased their PA levels and treadmill test durations. However, only the HB showed reduced carbohydrate percentage and increased folic acid; and only the FF showed reduced lipid, saturated fat and sodium levels, along with increased carbohydrate and protein levels. No differences in body composition or metabolic profile were found., Conclusions: These results demonstrated the feasibility of HB aerobic training. In isolation, HB showed greater regulation of carbohydrate percentage and increased folic acid levels. Moreover, these breast cancer survivors presented improvements in food consumption, PA levels and cardiorespiratory fitness, while also maintaining their body composition and metabolic profile after the intervention, independent of the group.

Abstract: Conrado de Freitas, M, Rossi, FE, Colognesi, LA, de Oliveira, JVNS, Zanchi, NE, Lira, FS, Cholewa, JM, and Gobbo, LA. Postactivation potentiation improves acute resistance exercise performance and muscular force in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1357-1363, 2021-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heavy back squat (90% one repetition maximum [1RM]) postactivation potentiation (PAP) on acute resistance exercise performance and force production in recreationally trained men, and to verify the relationship between maximal strength and the PAP response. Ten resistance-trained men randomly completed 4 experimental trials: (a) back squats without PAP (No-PAP), (b) back squats with PAP, (c) maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the quadriceps without PAP, and (d) MVIC with PAP. Back squats were performed with 4 sets at 70% of 1 RM with 2 minutes of rest interval. The number of squats repetitions performed was recorded for each set, and a total number of repetitions were calculated to analyze performance. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction was measured using electronic dynamometer, and the peak force and mean force were recorded. Blood lactate concentration was analyzed presquat and postsquat exercise. Repetitions performed in the first set was significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the PAP condition (22.00 ± 5.14) compared with No-PAP (15.50 ± 5.10), which resulted in significantly (p = 0.001) more total repetitions performed in the PAP (56.20 ± 17.3) condition compared with No-PAP (48.80 ± 14.5). Maximum voluntary isometric contraction peak was higher in PAP than in No-PAP (PAP = 765.7 ± 147.8 vs. No-PAP = 696.8 ± 131.5 N, p = 0.006). No significant correlations were observed between back squat 1RM relative to body mass and the PAP response in squat and MVIC. There were no significant differences in lactate concentration between conditions. In conclusion, PAP resulting from a heavy load prior back squat exercise improved total volume during resistance exercise. In addition, PAP was effective to increase force production during MVIC, but there was no relationship between relative 1RM values and the PAP response in trained men., (Copyright © 2018 National Strength and Conditioning Association.)

The aim this study was to analyze the association between insufficient physical activity and dysmobility syndrome (DS) in community-dwelling older adults. In total, 375 subjects were evaluated aged ≥60 years. For the diagnosis of DS the presence of ≥3 clinical factors was considered: (a) low muscle mass; (b) low muscular strength; (c) low gait speed; (d) high body fat, and (e) osteoporosis. Information relating to the practice of habitual physical activity (HPA) was obtained using a questionnaire and accelerometry. The chi-square test was used to verify the association between HPA and DS and analysis of binary logistic regression to build multiple models. Insufficiently active older adults are approximately 2 times (95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.79) more likely to have DS, independent of body mass index, smoking and ethnicity. The insufficient practice of physical activity is associated with DS in older adults, mainly in women and older., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of linear periodization (LP) versus nonperiodized (NP) resistance training on upper-body isometric force and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in sarcopenic older adults. Twenty sarcopenic older adults were randomly assigned into the LP and NP groups and performed 16 weeks of resistance training. The SMM was measured by octopolar bioelectrical impedance. The isometric force for handgrip and trunk were assessed by dynamometer. Evaluations were performed at baseline, after 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of resistance training. For total weight lifted, there was a main effect for time ( F =126.986, P <0.001), statistically significant difference between condition ( F =13.867, P =0.001) and interaction ( F =8.778, P <0.001), whereby total weight lifted was greater for NP after 4 months of training. Isometric force for handgrip and trunk increased across time ( P <0.001) but no significant differences between groups or interaction were observed ( P >0.05). The SMM increased across time ( P <0.05), however no significant difference between groups or interaction were observed ( P >0.05). There were strong and significant correlations between handgrip maximum force and SMM (LP: rho=0.79, P =0.004 vs. NP: rho=-0.43, P =0.244) and handgrip mean force and SMM (LP: rho=0.68, P =0.021 vs. NP: rho=-0.37, P =0.332) only for the LP group. In conclusion, LP and NP resistance training induced similar benefits on upper-body isometric force and SMM in sarcopenic older adults. However, LP presented lower total weight lifted, suggesting that it is possible to obtain similar gains in isometric force and SMM with less total work., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

This study verified the effects of a physical exercise program performed at Basic Healthcare Units on the body composition and functional capacity of women over 50 years old and to compare these variables according to age. Forty-eight women (age, 65.4±7.3 years) were assessed. The program lasted 20 weeks, and was conducted 2 times per week, 60 min/day. Body mass and height were collected and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Bioelectrical impedance was used to estimate fat mass and fat free mass. Functional capacities: handgrip test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Guralnick test were assessment. Weight (68.7±12.5 [pre]×66.8±12.5 [post], P <0.001), BMI (28.5±4.1 kg/m 2 [pre]×27.6±4.0 kg/m 2 [post], P <0.001), and fat mass (28.4±7.8 kg [pre]×26.4±7.3 kg [post], P <0.001) were decreased. For functional capacity, handgrip (21.2±5.8 kg [pre]×22.9±6.9 kg [post], P =0.014), lower limb strength (12.0±3.0 sec [pre]×8.5±2.2 sec [post], P <0.001), TUG (8.4±1.5 sec [pre]×7.6±1.1 se [post], P <0.001) and Guralnik tests (10.6±1.6 [pre]×11.8±0.5 [post], P <0.001) were improved. 20 weeks of exercise program performed at Basic Healthcare Units decreased body fat and improvement of functional capacity of women over 50 years old and there was difference according to age only on the body composition variables., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Objective: To investigate the physical performance of Brazilian individuals older than 80 years with and without OD., Methods: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (aged > 80 years) of both gender. Identification of osteopenia/osteoporosis was verified by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and the presence of others osteoarticular diseases (OD) was obtained using a questionnaire of morbidities. Physical performance was analyzed by motor tests., Results: Men presented higher proportion of osteopenia/osteoporosis compared to women (p = 0.013). The proportion of older people with arthritis/osteoarthritis for women and men was 33% and 26%, respectively, and with OD in the spine was 19% and 12%, respectively. No significant difference for physical performance, measured by each test and overall score, was observed between groups of OD. According to gender, male with OD presented lower performance in gait speed, balance and overall score (p < 0.05), while older people with osteopenia/osteoporosis are at higher risk for low physical performance (OR 2.73; CI 95% 1.31-5.66)., Conclusion: In conclusion it was verified in older people with age of 80 years or more, a high prevalence of OD, especially in men, and the presence of these diseases interfered negatively their physical performance.

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of three different cutoff points for the detection of high blood pressure in adolescents, given the strong relationship between overweight and high blood pressure levels., Methods: A total of 1,021 adolescents of both sexes were enrolled in the study, selected at random from public and private schools in Londrina, Brazil. Their body weight was measured using a digital balance, and their height with a portable stadiometer with a maximum extension of 2 meters. Arterial blood pressure was measured using an automatic apparatus. The capacity of body mass index to detect high blood pressure was gauged using ROC curves and their parameters (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve)., Results: The cutoff points proposed in a Brazilian standard exhibited greater accuracy (males: 0.636+/-0.038; females: 0.585+/-0.043) than the cutoff points proposed in an international (males: 0.594+/-0.040; females: 0.570+/-0.044) and a North-American standard (males: 0.612+/-0.039; females: 0.578+/-0.044)., Conclusions: The Brazilian proposal offered greatest accuracy for indicating high blood pressure levels.