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The policy regarding crop rotation is relatively new. However, this policy is still being debated, because it is not yet known that a consistent harvest rotation pattern has a significant effect on harvest premiums, FFB production and harvest employee income at PT Nusaina Agro Kobi Manise. This research aims to analyze the effect of 12/14 day harvest rotation and harvest premiums on FFB production and harvest employee income. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0 Software. The results of the research show the effect of implementing 12/14 day harvest rotation and harvest premiums on FFB production and harvest employee income. It is clear that implementing 12/14 day harvest rotation does not have a direct influence on FFB production and harvest employee income but the implementation of 12/14 day harvest rotation days have an indirect influence through harvest premiums on production and harvest employee income. The t-calculated path coefficient value of 12.140 is greater than the t-table value of 1.96 with a p-value of 0.00 which is smaller than 0.05 so that the variable implementing 12/14 day harvest rotation has a significant effect on the harvest premium variable. The specific indirect effect value of implementing a 12/14 day harvest rotation has an effect on the harvest premium and in turn has an effect on FFB production with a calculated t-value of 2.500 which is greater than the t-table value of 1.96 and with a p-value of 0.013 which is smaller than 0.05 so can be said to have a significant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest land conversion into rice fields, palm oil, and mining caused unsustainable development, deforestation, local wisdom undermining, and persistent poverty in Maluku, Eastern Indonesia. We describe, redefine, and promote the Dusung agroforestry systems. This indigenous technology of Ambon Island is sustainable, fits the local environment, and is adaptable to community resilience to manage external disruptions. We used a partial least square-structural equational model to examine associations among land property rights, plant biodiversity, productivity, livelihoods, and poverty reduction. We surveyed 139 selected heads of households from four villages through in-depth interviews, field observation, and focus group discussions. Dusung agroforestry systems (DAFs) comprise five interdependent subsystems, from the forest to the coast, driven by embedded local values to avoid excessive land and aquatic resource use. Average annual household income from DAFs was above the poverty line, but the poverty rate was high. Agriculture, fishery, and nonfarm are complementary livelihood strategies to support household income. Per the model, secure land property rights and productivity have high performance to support agricultural income and to reduce poverty. This implies that the DAFs should improve as the guardian of community resilience to maintain sustainable ecology and poverty reduction on small islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-island communities often heavily rely on artisanal fisheries as a source of food and income. However, seasonal variation in weather and oceanographic conditions of the fisheries makes small-island communities prone to food insecurity. The paper aims to assess how a lump-sum cash transfer mitigates the experience of food insecurity among small-island fishing communities. We conducted an artefactual field experiment on cash transfers based on a sample of 534 fishing households in the Kei Islands of Eastern Indonesia. Food insecurity at household level was measured using the US Household Food Security Survey Module, which captures various aspects of the hunger experience among adults and children in the household. We found that a lump-sum cash transfer of Rp 17 thousand (USD 1.4) or 5% of weekly household expenditure resulted in a 2-point score reduction on the 15-item food insecurity scale. Our results also suggest that an additional weekly household income of Rp 234 thousand (USD 19) is required to entirely eliminate household food insecurity in the study area. This amount is significantly greater than the amount provided through the official cash transfer programs in Indonesia. Our findings indicate that cash transfers could be an effective means of reducing food insecurity problems among small-island communities in Indonesia. However, complete elimination of food insecurity through cash transfers alone is impractical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the specific relationships between ecological and socioeconomic conditions and marine tenure is likely to contribute to successful functioning of self-governance institutions for common-pool resources. Complex interrelationships of factors influencing fishing activities of coastal communities and implementation of customary marine tenure over their waters can be represented in a Bayesian belief network model. We developed a Bayesian belief network model that includes the links between factors for fishing communities in the Kei Islands in Indonesia, based on indepth local surveys. Our results showed that the cumulative impacts of multiple factors on key social, economic, and environmental outcomes can be much larger than the impact from a single source, which implies that management or policy intervention could be more effective when addressing multiple factors simultaneously. The local community's perception of fish stock abundance trends was the single most important factor influencing social, economic, and environmental outcomes of their community-based management system. The frequency of which outsiders were sighted in territorial waters was strongly (negatively) linked to weak or strong implementation of a customary tenure (Sasi) and the occurrence of intervillage and intravillage conflict. Ecological variables also drive these conflicts, which illustrates the close connection between ecological and social outcomes, and the importance of considering social-ecological systems as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]