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Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of acute diarrheal diseases; however, there is limited data on post-diarrheal AKI (PD-AKI) epidemiology and outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the clinicodemographic profile and outcomes of PD-AKI in our hospital. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 93 patients admitted with PD-AKI during a diarrheal illness epidemic. Patients were stratified based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) AKI stage and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score. Clinicodemographic data and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.7 ± 11.9 years, with a majority being men (n = 55, 59%). All patients presented with watery diarrhea, 85% (n = 79) had vomiting, and 66% (n = 61) presented in shock. At presentation, 59% were oliguric, while 32% were anuric. KDIGO stage 3 AKI was observed in 71% (n = 66) of patients. Dialytic support was required in 29% (n = 27) of cases. The mortality rate was 6.5% (n = 6), mostly due to refractory shock, while the remaining patients recovered. Risk factor analysis demonstrated a higher qSOFA score, and peak serum creatinine levels were associated with an increased likelihood of requiring renal replacement therapy and delayed renal recovery. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the clinicodemographic characteristics and outcomes of PD-AKI. The high prevalence of severe AKI emphasizes the importance of early recognition and appropriate management strategies for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose is to investigate the impact of Soret on free and mixed convective Casson fluid flow in presence of amplification in a porous channel with magnetic field is carried out analytically. The obtained are coupled PDEs are highly nonlinear and are converted to an ODEs by similarity transformation and further solved by using perturbation technique to obtain velocity, concentration and temperature equations of the physical system. The influence of non-dimensional parameters such as Prandtl number Pr, Schmidt number Sc, thermal buoyancy parameter, Reynolds number R, chemical reaction rate, concentration buoyancy parameter N, Darcy number Da, Casson fluid parameter ß, Hartmann number M2, Soret effect Sr on velocity, thickness of fluid and heat have been discussed with graphs. The few important computational outcomes reveal that the Soret effect Sr enriches the concentration, fluid flow and temperature of fluid whereas Casson fluid parameter ß diminishes the profiles. The earlier work and present work have been compared in the absence of Soret effect and is establishes to be good contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using 3D transmission in a definite cavity with anisotropic and isotropic permeable media rotating at a fixed rotational velocity, the Rayleigh-Benard issue for a viscous, unstable, laminar, incompressible fluid heated from below a horizontal layer is extended in this paper's research. Seven controlling PDEs from the given physical configuration are similarly transformed to produce a system of non-dimensional ODEs. The Rayleigh, Taylor, and Prandtl numbers are examined for their impacts on temperature gradient and velocity in both isotropic and anisotropic conditions using the Fourier series approach. It has been discussed and determined that the results of the stream function and isotherms on a variety of factors are good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical approach is presented to investigate fluid concentration, velocity and temperature like flow characteristics for the nano fluid boundary layer flow over a stretching sheet in the presence porous medium. The equations of ordinary differentiation are obtained from the governing equations of partial differentiation using similarity transformations. The reduced equations of ordinary differentiation have solved numerically using both Spectral Collocation Method and Shooting Technique which involves R-K Fehlberg and N-R method. The computation results are drawn for dimensionless parameters like Lewis number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, thermal diffusivity, Prandtl number and porous parameter on the fluid flow, concentration and temperature characteristics. The computation results dictates that the enhancement of the porous parameter diminishes the flow whereas temperature and concentration enhance in this region. Due to nanofluid there is a rise in thermal conductivity of fluid flow. The polymer drawing and extrusion, casting, hot rolling, metal cooling and lot of engineering processes made use of the computational results and information understood very well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of Spectral collocation is used to analyze the flowing Nano fluid layer in contact with a stretching surface for comprehensive information and thus to have its utility in industrial activities like the production of glass fibers, petroleum refining, hot rolling of metals, metal spinning etc. The spectral collocation model incorporates thermophoresis and Brownian motion phenomena to describe the fluid flow, fluid concentration and temperature profiles. A similarity solution has been presented for the governing equations of fluid momentum, concentration and temperature. The computational results are the function of Prandtl number (Pr), Lewis number (Le), thermophoresis and Brownian motion phenomena. The engineering quantities like thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Brownian motion parameter (Nb), buoyancy-ratio parameter (Nr) and reduced Nusselt number (Nu) and reduced Sherwood number (Sh) have tabulated corresponding to Prandtl number (Pr) and Lewis number (Le). The results of the current study thrown light on fluid velocity and heat transfer rates in the boundary layer. The numerous industrial products and manufacturing processes of superior quality can be exercised with the current studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: To analyze the impact of online classes on eye health of children and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study with a written questionnaire and comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation at a tertiary eye care center in South India, during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Of the 496 patients, most were 5-10 years old, attending online classes 1-2 h/day with majority (84.7%) having <4 h of classes. Electronic gadget use after classes was seen in 95.6% participants and 28.6% admitted to using it for more than 2 h/day. Digital eye strain (DES) was seen in 50.8% of patients of which headache or eye ache were the most common symptom (30.8%). Duration of online class was found to be the single most independent factor associated with the development of eye complaints (P= 0.001). Duration of class hours (P = 0.007) and light setting (P= 0.008) was found to be independent determinants of developing DES. CONCLUSIONS: Increased screen time, inadequate light setting, and excessive application of near vision can produce undesirable effects including the development of DES, worsening or development of new refractive errors and squint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The onset of magnetoelectroconvection in a dielectric fluid-saturated horizontal porous layer in the presence of uniform electric field and the magnetic field is investigated for various time periodic temperature modulations. The dielectric constant is assumed to be a linear function of temperature. The modified Darcy equation is used to describe the flow in a porous medium, and the resulting eigenvalue problem is solved using a regular perturbation method with small amplitude approximation. It is observed that the correction Rayleigh number decreases as the Hartmann number increases in the cases of symmetric modulation and only lower wall temperature modulation while it increases in the case of asymmetric modulation. Whereas, correction Rayleigh number increases as the electric Rayleigh number, Darcy number, and Prandtl number increase irrespective of the type of modulation. It is found that the combined effects of electric field and the magnetic field is more favorable to suppress convection significantly than in the presence of electric field alone. This result is useful in synthesizing smart and strong materials needed for much aeronautical, automobile, and biomedical engineering applications to minimize the weight and maximize the strength to achieve the sufficient dynamic advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electroconvection in a horizontal dielectric fluid saturated with a densely packed porous layer is investigated under the simultaneous action of vertical electric field and vertical temperature gradient when the walls of the layer are subjected to time periodic temperature modulation. The dielectric constant is assumed to be a linear function of temperature. A regular perturbation method based on small amplitude of applied temperature field is used to compute the critical values of Rayleigh number and wave number. The shift in the critical Rayleigh number is calculated as a function of frequency of modulation, electric Rayleigh number, Prandtl number, and Darcy number, and their effects on the critical Rayleigh number are discussed. The situations which are favorable for the design of artificial organs without the side effect of hemolysis are explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report characteristics of outer foveal defects (OFDs) in type-2 macular telangiectasia (MacTel) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography., Methods: This was a single-center observational study. From a registry of 745 patients with MacTel, patients with OFDs were characterized. All patients underwent multimodal imaging including color fundus photography, confocal blue reflectance, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Staging of eyes was done using the Gass and Blodi classification. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography characteristics in the central 1 mm of the macula in eyes with OFD are reported., Results: Outer foveal defect was observed in 21 eyes of 15/745 (2%) patients with MacTel. These defects were bilateral in 6/15 (40%) patients and seen in stage 2 MacTel eyes. In order of prevalence, foveal parameters seen in OFD included hyper-reflective dots in outer retina in 19/21 (90%), ellipsoid zone loss in 18/21 (86%) eyes, interdigitation zone loss in 17/21 (81%) eyes, outer retinal hyporeflective cavitation in 14 (67%) eyes, hyporeflective cavitation at foveal pit in 8 (38%) eyes, and loss of external limiting membrane in 1 (5%) eye. The mean baseline length of the foveal ellipsoid zone loss was 240.17 ± 117.249 µm. The mean baseline central subfield thickness was 155.43 ± 17.215 µm. A total of 8/11 eyes (73%) showed an increase in size of OFD on follow-up., Conclusion: Outer foveal defect in MacTel eyes is characterized predominantly by foveal loss of ellipsoid zone and interdigitation zone with relative preservation of external limiting membrane.

Herein, we report two acyclic Schiff base receptors CS-1 and CS-2 capable of being selective fluorescent turn on for Zn 2+ ions and colorimetric chemosensor for Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Co 2+ ions by showing a colour change from colourless to yellow in 1:1 ratio of acetonitrile and HEPES buffer (1:1, v/v, pH 7.4) without the interference from other metal ions screened (Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , Sn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ba 2+ , Al 3+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + and Na + ). The fluorescence turn on enhancement towards Zn 2+ ions is ascribed to PET blocking, suppression of -C=N- isomerisation, and the ESIPT process. The selectivity, competitivity and reversibility of the synthesised probes (CS-1 and CS-2) made them promising chemosensors for the detection of Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Co 2+ ions. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations have theoretically endorsed the colorimetric changes in the examined absorption spectra and binding mode of both CS-1/CS-2 with metals ions. In addition, 1 H NMR titrations were also consistent with the recognition mechanism of Zn 2+ ions with the CS-1/CS-2. Further, the Jobs plot analysis infers a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio for both evaluating receptors CS-1 and CS-2 with Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Co 2+ ions and was supported by DFT, NMR (only for Zn 2+ ions), UV-Visible, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. Moreover, the detection limits of CS-1 and CS-2 for Zn 2+ ions were determined to be 7.69 and 5.35 nM, respectively, which is less compared to the detection limit of Cu 2+ , Co 2+ ions as well as the limit approved by the United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The probes CS-1 and CS-2 found to show high fluorescence quantum yields at pH = 7 during the titration with Zn 2+ as compared with other pHs (5-6 and 8-11). Gratifyingly, fluorescence microscopy imaging in HeLa cells revealed that the pair of receptors can be employed as an excellent fluorescent probe for the detection of Zn 2+ ions in living cells, indicating that this facile chemosensor has a huge potential in cellular imaging., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

It is of interest to assess the inflammatory marker profile in SARS-CoV-2 patients and to correlate the levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-Reactive Protein CRP, Ferritin, Creatine kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and liver function analytes total serum proteins, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. A total of 1000 COVID-19 positive patient's data were collected. Laboratory assessments consisted of NLR (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio) by cell counter, C Reactive Protein (CRP) by immunoturbidimetry, Ferritin by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) and Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, Total Protein and Albumin by spectrophotometry. The mean plasma CRP levels, NLR, ferritin, CK and LDH levels were higher in severe cases than in non-severe cases, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). All liver function tests such as the total and direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, total protein and albumin were higher in severe patients than non-severe patients and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Data indicate that NLR, CRP, Ferritin, CK, LDH and liver function analytes have a crucial role as prognostic markers for SARS-CoV-2 infections and hence should be routinely recommended for risk assessment and stratification of the patients to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality., (© 2021 Biomedical Informatics.)