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The industrial technology of broiler bird production broadens requirements for supplying birds with various biologically active substances. One of the most important elements of the intensive technology of producing poultry meat is organization for full and balanced feeding, which is the basis of the most complete manifestation of the productivity genetic potential, the efficient use of nutrients from the ration, the high natural resistance of the organism, and the product quality. Preventive measures in the context of modern poultry production should organically fit the process. In this aspect, the most promising technique is group prophylaxis with plant extracts or phytobiotics and traditional antibiotics capable to improve the quality of meat products. The study revealed the primary increase of the content of essential and nonessential amino acids in the pectoral muscles of the broilers that additionally received the oak bark extract as part of the ration compared to the control. The femoral muscles did not discover any clearly traced decline or increase of the content of nonessential and essential amino acids. The use of the oak bark extract without the antibiotic stimulated the accumulation of nonessential and essential amino acids mainly in the pectoral muscles of broilers, which has great economic value.

An important tool in regulating chromium metabolism in the body is its ability to penetrate through the intestinal wall. It accelerates with a decrease in its size, and the presence of digestive agents (vitamins, phytates, aminoacids). Chromium has an excessively low digestibility and absorption of organic (25%) and inorganic (3%) forms, while the absorption of Cr+3 occurs mainly through the kidney Cr - 80 - 95%, with small losses in the hair, through the sebaceous gland and bile (45% Cr), indicating a rapid absorption and recreation of Cr. Regardless of increase in chromium in the diet (40-240 µg/day), the level of absorption remains constant 0.4 - 2%. Thus, the factorial dependence of chromium absorption consists of the source, size and ingredient composition of diet and a decrease in the size of Cr particles will increase the rate of absorption of chromium in the body. The highest activity of protease and lipase was established in the first hours of selection, followed by its decrease by 3 hours. Adding chromium to the diets of bulls stimulated protease activity during all record periods, the difference with control was from 25 to 43% (p = 0.05). Characteristic is the enhancement of protease activity on the 2nd day of the experiment, followed by a decrease in its activity by 3 day. Similarly, lipase activity was formed; the difference with the control was 36% (p = 0.05). On the contrary, amylase activity decreased at hourly sampling points and increased in daily sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead is one of the most dangerous xenobiotic elements. It is actively accumulated not only in the environment, the distribution of lead in the water-soil-plant-animal-man chain directly depends on the initial content of elements in the geochemical province and is directly related to the health of the population. [1]. This paper presents the results of a study of the biotoxicity of lead cations in the structure of salts with different anionic components in relation to bacteria of the genus Bacillus, which are part of the probiotic preparations. These microorganisms are representatives of the soil microflora and are transitory to the organism of animals and humans. When conducting research, methods such as the agar wells were used, which not only visually but also qualitatively evaluate the effect of metal cations on the growth of the microorganisms studied, the colorimetric method was used to assess the effect of the element under study on the growth of the microorganism population, and the atomic absorption method made it possible to study accumulating characteristics of the studied bacteria. As a result of research, it has been established that lead acetate has a more pronounced toxic effect on the microorganisms under study. It should be noted that lead, which is present in the medium in high concentrations, does not have an inhibitory effect on bacterial strains; we associate this with the detoxification mechanisms of bacteria. The accumulating ability of microorganisms of the Bacillus genus of lead cations from nutrient substrates 24 hours after their cultivation in the presence of this element has high sorption characteristics with a percentage of its accumulation of more than 50%, the most active lead accumulates B. subtilis 534 with 66.3%, and the minimum values were recorded in B. amyloliquefaciens 10642 and amounted to 53.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the purpose of safe modulation of the intestinal microflora, probiotics have been increasingly used in recent years. In the present work, the effect of the probiotic sporobacterin ( Bacillus subtilis 534) (I group) and soybean-bifidum ( Bifidobacterium longum) (II group) on male rats of the Wistar line was evaluated. In assessing nonspecific immunity in vitro, there was an increase in the level of baseline level in the first and second groups (by 8.3 and 12.2% more control). The influence of probiotic preparations on the intestinal normoflora was assessed using PCR. Bifidumbacterin increased the normal microflora, in particular, Escherichia coli 1.55 times, Lactobacillus 1.26 times, Enterococcus 1.3 times as much control; the level of conditionally pathogenic microflora, in particular, Proteus spp. decreased by 1.3 times in comparison with the control. Sporobacterin also contributed to an increase in the amount of E. coli (1.55 times) and Lactobacillus (0.9 times). When a culture of Bifidobacterium longum was introduced, a selective reduction in the loss of chemical elements was observed against the background of the diet used. At the end of the experiment, the content of calcium in the body tissues of animals of group II exceeded this indicator in group I by 3.9%, phosphorus by 17.6%, copper by 28.5%, and zinc by 15.2%. The totality of the results obtained by us indicates that inclusion of Bifidumbacterium longum in the diet of animals makes the use of this preparation in the correction of mineral imbalance and improves the microflora of the intestines of animals by reducing the number of representatives of opportunistic microflora against the background of an increase in the number of basic representatives of normal microbiocenosis. Also, the use of probiotic drugs as additives leads to a slight increase in the level of nonspecific immunity, which increases the natural resistance of the organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of nanotechnology raises questions assessment of their impact on living objects. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of nanoparticle (NP) CuO at concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 63.5 g/l in the test on wheat seedlings Triticum vulgare during 1-72 h. In the viability test (WST-test), cells were isolated from the roots of seedlings T. vulgare, 12 h not observed increase reductase activity after 24 h decreased rate of not more than 19% compared with the control. The number of dead cells in seedlings of T. vulgaris after exposure with CuO nanoparticles to the test with Evans blue increased by 5-15% compared to control. We observed that a significant increase in copper revenues leaves 4.5-8.9 times more in relation to the control and the roots-in 5-9.7 times. During the determined amount of active oxygen species, a significant proportional increase in the total pool of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in roots increased to 27.6% after exposure to NP CuO compared with the control. It is shown that in the introduction in medium, the NP CuO in the doses ranging from 3.2 to 63.5 g/l leads to DNA fragmentation and increases the fragments less than 3000 bp on 51.4-62.8%. The totality of our results influences nanoforms of copper oxide on the amount of ROS, and the viability of the genomic component of the cells shows different mechanisms of damage in the activation of a metabolic reaction, to determine the concentration of nano-CuO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]