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The safety and efficacy of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer has been confirmed by several large-scale clinical studies. Laparoscopy has become the main modality of surgical treatment for colorectal cancer in China. Based on evidence-based medicine and the experience accumulated in clinical practice, laparoscopic colorectal surgical techniques are still being continuously optimised and improved. The key techniques mainly revolve around the following three aspects:①complete surgical excision extension;②appropriate lymph node dissection area;③safe digestive tract reconstruction. Prioritizing the standardization of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, promoting the consistent implementation of these procedures, establishing a scientific evaluation system, thoroughly assessing surgical outcomes, and conducting high-quality clinical research are essential for enhancing the standardization of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery in China.

Introduction: The facial coloration of sheep is not only a critical characteristic for breed and individual identification but also serves as a significant indicator for assessing genetic diversity and guiding selective breeding efforts. Methods: In this study, 201 Ujumqin sheep were used as research objects and 1713 head image data were collected. We delineated feature points related to the facial coloration of Ujumqin sheep and successfully developed a head color recognition model (YOLOv8-CBAM) utilizing the YOLOv8 architecture in conjunction with the CBAM attention mechanism. Results: The model demonstrated impressive performance in recognizing four head color categories, achieving an average precision (mAP) of 97.7% and an F1 score of 0.94. In comparison to YOLOv8n, YOLOv8l, YOLOv8m, YOLOv8s, and YOLOv8x, the YOLOv8-CBAM model enhances average accuracy by 0.5%, 1%, 0.7%, 0.7%, and 1.6%, respectively. Furthermore, when compared to YOLOv3, the improvement is 1%, while YOLOv5n and YOLOv10n show increases of 1.4% and 2.4%, respectively. Discussion: The findings indicate that the smaller model exhibited superior performance in the facial color recognition task for Ujumqin sheep. Overall, the YOLOv8-CBAM model achieved high accuracy in the head color recognition task, providing reliable technical support for automated sheep management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HD is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT. Silencing the expression of mutated proteins is a therapeutic direction to rescue HD patients, and recent advances in gene editing technology such as CRISPR/CasRx have opened up new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Methods: The CRISPR/CasRx system was employed to target human HTT exon 1, resulting in an efficient knockdown of HTT mRNA. This therapeutic effect was substantiated in various models: HEK 293 T cell, the HD 140Q-KI mouse, and the HD-KI pig model. The efficiency of the knockdown was analyzed through Western blot and RT-qPCR. Additionally, neuropathological changes were examined using Western blot, immunostaining, and RNA sequencing. The impact on motor abilities was assessed via behavioral experiments, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the treatment's effectiveness. Results: CRISPR/CasRx system can significantly reduce HTT mRNA levels across various models, including HEK 293 T cells, HD 140Q-KI mice at various disease stages, and HD-KI pigs, and resulted in decreased expression of mHTT. Utilizing the CRISPR/CasRx system to knock down HTT RNA has shown to ameliorate gliosis in HD 140Q-KI mice and delay neurodegeneration in HD pigs. Conclusions: These findings highlight the effectiveness of the RNA-targeting CRISPR/CasRx as a potential therapeutic strategy for HD. Furthermore, the success of this approach provides valuable insights and novel avenues for the treatment of other genetic disorders caused by gene mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global seaweed industry annually consumes approximately 600,000 tons of dried algal biomass to produce algal hydrocolloids, yet only 15–30% of this biomass is utilized, with the remaining 70–85% discarded or released as scum or wastewater during the hydrocolloid extraction process. This residual biomass is often treated as waste and not considered for further commercial use, which contradicts the principles of sustainable development. In reality, the residual algal biomass could be employed to extract additional biochemical components, such as pigments, proteins, and cellulose, and these ingredients have important application prospects in the food sector. According to the biorefinery concept, recycling various products alongside the principal product enhances overall biomass utilization. Transitioning from traditional single‐product processes to multi‐product biorefineries, however, raises operating costs, presenting a significant challenge. Alternatively, developing value‐added utilization technologies that target seaweed waste without altering existing processes is gaining traction among industry practitioners. Current advancements include methods such as separation and extraction of residual biomass, anaerobic digestion, thermochemical conversion, enzymatic treatment, functionalized modification of algal scum, and efficient utilization through metabolic engineering. These technologies hold promise for converting seaweed waste into alternative proteins, dietary supplements, and bioplastics for food packaging. Combining multiple technologies may offer the most effective strategy for future seaweed waste treatment. Nonetheless, most research on value‐added waste utilization remains at the laboratory scale, necessitating further investigation at pilot and commercial scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy has become the standard surgical procedure for the treatment of right colon disease; however, the choice of anastomosis remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of intracorporeal anastomosis and extracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials that compared intracorporeal anastomosis with extracorporeal anastomosis in patients with laparoscopic right hemicolectomy until June 4, 2023, are selected. The primary outcomes measured were incidence of anastomotic leakage within 30 days post-operation. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager (version 5.4.1). Results: Seven RCTs, including 720 patients, were eligible for the meta-analysis. The incidence of anastomotic leakage showed no significant difference between the intracorporeal anastomosis group and the extracorporeal anastomosis group (RR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.49, 1.76, p = 0.83, and I2 = 0%). However, the intracorporeal anastomosis group had significantly lower rates of postoperative ileus (RR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45–0.99, p = 0.04, I2 = 46%) and surgical site infections (RR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16–0.74, p = 0.007, I2 = 0%) compared to the extracorporeal anastomosis group. Additionally, patients in the intracorporeal anastomosis group experienced earlier postoperative passage of gas and stool (WMD –0.39, 95% CI: −0.60, −0.19, p = 0.0002, and I2 = 67%; WMD −0.53, 95% CI: −0.85, −0.21, p = 0.001, and I2 = 75%), as well as shorter hospital stays (WMD –0.46, 95% CI: −0.74, −0.18, p = 0.001, and I2 = 34%). Conclusion: In laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, intracorporeal anastomosis does not increase the incidence of anastomotic leakage within 30 days post-operation compared to extracorporeal anastomosis. In addition, intracorporeal anastomosis resulted in faster recovery of bowel function. This suggests that intracorporeal anastomosis is safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, the measurement of power line current is done by measuring the magnetic field around it, so how to increase the magnetic field at the sensor head is the key to achieve high sensitivity detection. A ferrite magnetic circuit (FMC) system was proposed to improve the conversion efficiency of transmission line current to magnetic field at the sensor head. The FMC is designed as a rectangular structure with a slit in which the sensing head is placed. The magnetic field generated by the current is concentrated at the sensing head by using the high permeability of ferrite. The simulation results shows that the magnetic field in the slit is mainly determined by magnetic permeability, the length and the cross-sectional area of the magnetic bar. It monotonically increases with the increasing of magnetic permeability, and decreased gradually with the slit width increasing. It increased rapidly at first and then increased slowly with the increasing of the cross-sectional area of the magnetic bar. It has a good practical value to improve the sensitivity of optical fiber current sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer has the highest mortality rate of all digestive system diseases. Considering the debate about cytokines and biases that exist in traditional observational study designs, we performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the association of circulating cytokines with CRC risk. In this study, we used cytokine genetic variants from a recently published genome‐wide association study (GWAS) including 14,824 European‐ancestry participants. Summary‐level data for colorectal cancer were obtained from genome‐wide association analyses of the FinnGen consortium. In addition, we conducted independent supplementary analyses using genetic variation data of colorectal cancer and cytokines from a large public GWAS in 2021. Among 91 circulating factors, we only found IL‐12B to be significantly associated with CRC risk (odds ratio [OR]: 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.42; p =.046). We used 2021 data for analysis and found that higher Interleukin‐12p70 levels (IL‐12p70) were revealed to have a significant positive association with CRC risk (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.13–1.43; p < 1.22 × 10−3). Moreover, CRC was suggestively correlated with an elevated level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02–1.35; p =.026), macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76–0.96; p =.005), IL‐13 (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02–1.30; p =.028), IL‐10 (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01–1.49; p =.037), and IL‐7 (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02–1.39; p =.024). Our MR studies support that one cytokine IL‐12 is significantly associated with CRC risk and that five cytokines VEGF, M‐CSF, IL‐13, IL‐10, and IL‐7 are associated with CRC risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the class of $ \mathcal {L} $ L -positive semidefinite matrices A such that $ AA_{(\mathcal {L})}^{(\dag)}-A_{(\mathcal {L})}^{(\dag)}A $ A A (L) (†) − A (L) (†) A is nonsingular, where $ A_{(\mathcal {L})}^{(\dag)} $ A (L) (†) is the generalized Bott-Duffin inverse of A with respect to a subspace $ \mathcal {L} $ L . We give some equivalent characterizations for the nonsingularity of $ AA_{(\mathcal {L})}^{(\dag)}-A_{(\mathcal {L})}^{(\dag)}A $ A A (L) (†) − A (L) (†) A , $ AA_{(\mathcal {L})}^{(\dag)}+A_{(\mathcal {L})}^{(\dag)}A $ A A (L) (†) + A (L) (†) A and $ I_{n}-A(A_{(\mathcal {L})}^{(\dag)})^2A $ I n − A (A (L) (†) ) 2 A mainly by rank equalities and subspace operations, among which relations are pointed out. Meanwhile we show the inverses of their general versions in a decomposition form. In addition, the continuity of this class of matrices is discussed based on the continuity of the generalized Bott–Duffin inverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Right hemicolectomy is the standard treatment for right-sided colon cancer. There is variation in the technical aspects of performing right hemicolectomy as well as in short-term outcomes. It is therefore necessary to explore best clinical practice following right hemicolectomy in expert centres. Methods: This snapshot study of right hemicolectomy for colon cancer in China was a prospective, multicentre cohort study in which 52 tertiary hospitals participated. Eligible patients with stage I–III right-sided colon cancer who underwent elective right hemicolectomy were consecutively enrolled in all centres over 10 months. The primary endpoint was the incidence of postoperative 30-day anastomotic leak. Results: Of the 1854 patients, 89.9 per cent underwent laparoscopic surgery and 52.3 per cent underwent D3 lymph node dissection. The overall 30-day morbidity and mortality were 11.7 and 0.2 per cent, respectively. The 30-day anastomotic leak rate was 1.4 per cent. In multivariate analysis, ASA grade > II (P < 0.001), intraoperative blood loss > 50 ml (P = 0.044) and D3 lymph node dissection (P = 0.008) were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative morbidity. Extracorporeal side-to-side anastomosis (P = 0.031), intraoperative blood loss > 50 ml (P = 0.004) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.004) were identified as independent risk factors for anastomotic leak. Conclusion: In high-volume expert centres in China, laparoscopic resection with D3 lymph node dissection was performed in most patients with right-sided colon cancer, and overall postoperative morbidity and mortality was low. Further studies are needed to explore the optimal technique for right hemicolectomy in order to improve outcomes further. This snapshot study was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study to explore the clinical practise and outcome of right hemicolectomy in China. In high-volume expert centres, laparoscopic resection with D3 lymph node dissection was performed in most patients with right-sided colon cancer, and overall postoperative morbidity and mortality were low. The risk factors of morbidity and anastomotic leak were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A parallel dual‐cavity fiber‐optic Fabry‐Perot (F‐P) salinity sensor based on hollow core fiber and a ceramic ferrule is proposed. The sensor is comprised of a F‐P reference cavity and a F‐P sensing cavity in parallel. The reference cavity is a closed cavity that is fusion spliced with a segment of single‐mode optical fiber (SMF) and a small piece of silica tube (ST). The sensing cavity is an open liquid cavity that is connected by a ferrule after inserting two single‐mode fibers into a ceramic core, facilitating the replacement of salt water. Variations in the salinity of salt water will affect the change in refractive index of optical path, and then change the output spectral structure. By precisely controlling the length of two cavities, the free spectral range (FSR) of the sensing cavity is approximately equal to the FSR of the reference cavity, resulting in the generation of the Vernier effect, which improves the sensitivity of the sensor to salinity greatly. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the sensor sensitivity to salinity reaches −0.78 nm/‰ (−3809.68 nm/RIU) in the salinity range from 35‰ to 20‰ at room temperature of 25°C, which is 10.8 times higher than the sensitivity of a single sensing cavity. The enhancement factor is generally consistent with theoretical analysis results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulation of misfolded proteins leads to many neurodegenerative diseases that can be treated by lowering or removing mutant proteins. Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by the intracellular accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) that can be soluble and aggregated in the central nervous system and causes neuronal damage and death. Here, an intracellular antibody (intrabody) fragment is generated that can specifically bind mHTT and link to the lysosome for degradation. It is found that delivery of this peptide by either brain injection or intravenous administration can efficiently clear the soluble and aggregated mHTT by activating the lysosomal degradation pathway, resulting in amelioration of gliosis and dyskinesia in HD knock‐in (KI‐140Q) mice. These findings suggest that the small intrabody peptide linked to lysosomes can effectively lower mutant proteins and provide a new approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the accumulation of mutant proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on two new matrix classes related to the CMP inverse of a square matrix, called the CMP and co-CMP matrices. Some of their characterizations are identified based on the core-EP decomposition and subspace operations. And, we show an equivalence relationship between the co-CMP matrix set and the intersection of the core matrix set and the co-EP matrix set. The nonsingularity of other matrices closely associated with the co-CMP matrices is considered, and their inverses are presented in a decomposition form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the optimal strategy and driving factors of the critical nodes of pesticide packaging waste recycling by constructing the recycling process of "village collection–town transport–county management." Counties, towns, and villages are the central nodes of collection, coordination, and communication in the recycling process. Their strategy selection and influencing factor analysis are related to the development of recycling. The county processing center, township transit center, and village recycling center were selected to construct a game model, and strategy and parameter assumptions were made to obtain the optimal strategy combination. The results showed that strict supervision, professional transportation and strict implementation are the best strategies for counties, towns and villages, respectively. Simulation analysis confirmed that factors such as cost, reward restricted the strategy selection of each subject. The higher the supervision, transport, and input costs, the lower the enthusiasm of counties, towns, and villages to participate in recycling, respectively. Reasonable control of reward could help each participant choose a stable strategy. The study provided the idea of a pilot before promotion for the government and emphasized the importance of controlling incentive policies and relative costs to improve the recycling process of pesticide packaging waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Proper stamen filament elongation is essential for plant self‐pollination and reproduction. Several phytohormones such as jasmonate and gibberellin play important roles in controlling filament elongation, but other endogenous signals involved in this developmental process remain unknown.We report here that three EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR‐LIKE (EPFL) family peptides, EPFL4, EPFL5 and EPFL6, act redundantly to promote stamen filament elongation via enhancing filament cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Knockout of EPFL4‐6 genes led to shortened filaments due to defective filament cell proliferation, resulting in pollination failure and male sterility.Further genetic and biochemical analyses indicated that the ERECTA family and the SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK) family RLKs form receptor complexes to perceive EPFL4‐6 peptides and promote filament cell proliferation. Moreover, based on both loss‐ and gain‐of‐function genetic analyses, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade MKK4/MKK5‐MPK6 was shown to function downstream of EPFL4‐6 to positively regulate cell proliferation in stamen filaments.Together, this study reveals that an EPFL peptide signaling pathway composed of the EPFL4‐6 peptide ligands, the ERECTA‐SERK receptor complexes and the downstream MKK4/MKK5‐MPK6 cascade promotes stamen filament elongation via enhancing filament cell proliferation to ensure successful self‐pollination and normal fertility in Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]