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Com o objetivo de verifi car a possibilidade do uso de farinhas extrusadas de trigo e soja para produtos cárneos, lácteos e de panifi cação, foram estudados os efeitos de parâmetros do processo de extrusão na absorção de água (AA) e na absorção de gordura (AG) destas farinhas. As farinhas mistas cruas, com 10 e 20% de soja, foram extrusadas, individualmente, em duas umidades (26 e 29%), cinco temperaturas do canhão (TC; 110, 120, 130, 140 e 150ºC) e quatro velocidades de rotação de parafuso (VRP; taxa de compressão de 3:1; 120, 150, 180 e 210rpm). Os resultados mostraram que a AA e a AG aumentaram, em alguns casos, até certo ponto com o aumento da VRP e TC em duas umidades e duas proporções de soja estudadas. Os valores mais altos da AA e AG foram verifi cados em VRP maiores para as TC mais baixas, porém em VRP menores para as TC mais altas. O aumento de umidade resultou em aumento da AA, mas não afetou tanto a AG. O teor maior de soja resultou em redução de AA e AG. As farinhas de trigo-soja (90:10 e 80:20) extrusadas tiveram AA e AG maiores do que as de trigo crua e de mista crua, indicando a possibilidade de seus usos em produtos cárneos, requeijão cremoso, patê, molho, sopa, “donut†e outros, embora as outras propriedades funcionais, tais como propriedades emulsificantes e propriedades de pasta, devem ser também consideradas.

Nanoparticles play a crucial role in the field of nanotechnology, offering different properties due to their surface area attributed to their small size. Among them, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant attention due to their antimicrobial properties, with applications that date back from ancient medicinal practices to contemporary commercial products containing ions or silver nanoparticles. AgNPs possess broad-spectrum biocidal potential against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and Mycobacterium, in addition to exhibiting synergistic effects when combined with certain antibiotics. The mechanisms underlying its antimicrobial action include the generation of oxygen-reactive species, damage to DNA, rupture of bacterial cell membranes and inhibition of protein synthesis. Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of AgNPs against various clinically relevant bacterial strains through their potential to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This review investigates the proteomic mechanisms by which AgNPs exert their antimicrobial effects, with a special focus on their activity against planktonic bacteria and in biofilms. Furthermore, it discusses the biomedical applications of AgNPs and their potential non-preparation of antibiotic formulations, also addressing the issue of resistance to antibiotics.

The synthesis and engineering of nanomaterials offer more robust systems for the treatment of cancer, with technologies that combine therapy with imaging diagnostic tools in the so-called nanotheranostics. Among the most studied systems, there are quantum dots, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, and gold nanoparticles. Most of the advantages of nanomaterials over the classic anticancer therapies come from their optimal size, which prevents the elimination by the kidneys and enhances their permeation in the tumor due to the abnormal blood vessels present in cancer tissues. Furthermore, the drug delivery and the contrast efficiency for imaging are enhanced, especially due to the increased surface area and the selective accumulation in the desired tissues. This property leads to the reduced drug dose necessary to exert the desired effect and for a longer action within the tumor. Finally, they are made so that there is no degradation into toxic byproducts and have a lower immune response triggering. In this article, we intend to review and discuss the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic tools for lung, breast, and prostate cancer, as they are among the most prevalent worldwide.