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Numerical predictions of nearshore waves and shoreline runup are usually initialized on the inner shelf, seaward of the surfzone, with sea‐swell (SS) waves from local wave buoys or regional wave models. Lower frequency infragravity (IG) waves are not reliably measured by buoys or included in regional models. Here, co‐located pressure and velocity observations are used to characterize IG waves in 10–15 m depth in southern California. Shoreward propagating IG waves are often dominated by free waves, with the boundwave energy fraction <30% for moderate and low energy incident SS waves. Only 5% of records, with energetic long swell, show primarily bound waves. The shoreline slope of concave beaches increases by ∼3 between spring high and low tides, and free seaward and shoreward IG energy in 10–15 m vary tidally. The observed linear dependency of free IG energy on SS energy and period is consistent with Ardhuin et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.02.006)'s parameterization (R2 = 0.71). Including the tide level as a proxy for beach slope and modifying the SS frequency dependency increases R2 to 0.91. The ratio of free seaward to shoreward propagating IG energy suggests between 50 and 100% of the energy radiated seaward in depths of 10–15 m is trapped offshore and redirected shoreward. Free (random phase) and bound (phase‐coupled) IG waves are combined to initialize the SWASH numerical model. SWASH predicted runup is only weakly influenced by waves at the offshore boundary. Nonlinear IG generation and dissipation in the shoaling and surfzone overwhelm the effects of shoreward propagating waves observed at the offshore boundary. Plain Language Summary: Infragravity (IG) waves are long‐period (25 s–2.5 min) waves that contribute to coastal flooding and beach erosion. IG waves, generated near the shoreline by short‐period sea‐swell (SS) wave groups (known by surfers as "sets"), have long wavelengths (100s of m) and do not typically curl and break like ordinary sea and swell waves. Instead, they can be reflected off the beach face and propagate seaward. Our study concerns IG waves on the inner shelf (10–15 m depth, ∼500–700 m offshore), seaward of the main region of IG generation. Similar to previous observations in Hawai'i and North Carolina, we find most of the reflected, seaward‐going IG energy cannot reach deep water and is trapped on the continental shelf. We develop an observation‐based estimate of IG wave energy on the inner shelf as a function of SS wave energy and tide level. Finally, we show with a numerical model that IG wave runup at the shoreline is influenced only weakly by IG waves on the inner shelf. Key Points: Infragravity (IG) waves on the inner shelf (10–15 m depth) in San Diego, USA are often dominated by refractively trapped free wavesFree IG energies are parameterized as a function of local sea‐swell conditions and tide levelNumerically modeled wave runup is only weakly influenced by the shoreward propagating IG waves observed at the offshore boundary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Česká a Slovenská Neurologie a Neurochirurgie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Česká a Slovenská Neurologie a Neurochirurgie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effiziente Produktionen in der kosmetischen Industrie haben weitreichende Auswirkungen auf CO2-Emissionen, Kostenstrukturen, Produktionszeiten und letztendlich die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Branche. Dieser Artikel liefert Ansätze und Empfehlungen zur Optimierung der Herstellung von Emulsionen in der kosmetischen Produktion. Dabei wird die Auswahl der Rohstoffe, die Phasenkonstruktion, das Produktionsverfahren und der Maschinenpark betrachtet, um die Emissionen zu reduzieren und die Effizienz zu steigern. Obwohl der Fokus auf Emulsionen liegt, sind auch andere Aspekte der Produktionsoptimierung relevant. Eine enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Entwicklung und Produktion sowie gezielte Maßnahmen können zu signifikanten Verbesserungen führen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient production in the cosmetic industry has far-reaching effects on CO2 emissions, cost structures, production times, and ultimately the industry’s profitability. This article provides approaches and recommendations for optimizing the production of emulsions in cosmetic manufacturing. The selection of raw materials, phase construction, production processes, and machinery are considered to reduce emissions and enhance efficiency. Although the focus is on emulsions, other aspects of production optimization are also relevant. Close collaboration between development and production, along with targeted measures, can lead to significant improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Uncemented implants are still associated with several major challenges, especially with regard to their manufacturing and their osseointegration. In this study, a novel manufacturing technique—an optimized form of precision casting—and a novel surface modification to promote osseointegration—calcium and phosphorus ion implantation into the implant surface—were tested in vivo. Methods: Cylindrical Ti6Al4V implants were inserted bilaterally into the tibia of 110 rats. We compared two generations of cast Ti6Al4V implants (CAST 1st GEN, n = 22, and CAST 2nd GEN, n = 22) as well as cast 2nd GEN Ti6Al4V implants with calcium (CAST + CA, n = 22) and phosphorus (CAST + P, n = 22) ion implantation to standard machined Ti6Al4V implants (control, n = 22). After 4 and 12 weeks, maximal pull-out force and bone-to-implant contact rate (BIC) were measured and compared between all five groups. Results: There was no significant difference between all five groups after 4 weeks or 12 weeks with regard to pull-out force (p > 0.05, Kruskal Wallis test). Histomorphometric analysis showed no significant difference of BIC after 4 weeks (p > 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test), whereas there was a trend towards a higher BIC in the CAST + P group (54.8% ± 15.2%), especially compared to the control group (38.6% ± 12.8%) after 12 weeks (p = 0.053, Kruskal–Wallis test). Conclusion: In this study, we found no indication of inferiority of Ti6Al4V implants cast with the optimized centrifugal precision casting technique of the second generation compared to standard Ti6Al4V implants. As the employed manufacturing process holds considerable economic potential, mainly due to a significantly decreased material demand per implant by casting near net-shape instead of milling away most of the starting ingot, its application in manufacturing uncemented implants seems promising. However, no significant advantages of calcium or phosphorus ion implantation could be observed in this study. Due to the promising results of ion implantation in previous in vitro and in vivo studies, further in vivo studies with different ion implantation conditions should be considered.

Nanocomposite materials consist of nanometer-sized quantum objects such as atoms, molecules, voids or nanoparticles embedded in a host material. These quantum objects can be exploited as a super-structure, which can be designed to create material properties targeted for specific applications. For electromagnetism, such targeted properties include field enhancements around the bandgap of a semiconductor used for solar cells, directional decay in topological insulators, high kinetic inductance in superconducting circuits, and many more. Despite very different application areas, all of these properties are united by the common aim of exploiting collective interaction effects between quantum objects. The literature on the topic spreads over very many different disciplines and scientific communities. In this review, we present a cross-disciplinary overview of different approaches for the creation, analysis and theoretical description of nanocomposites with applications related to electromagnetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the case of a pregnant patient with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) who presented with multiple hemangioblastomas in the central nervous system (CNS). Hemangioblastomas are common tumors associated with VHL and can significantly increase morbidity and mortality. The possible influence of pregnancy on the growth of these tumors remains unclear. The article presents the case of a 28-year-old pregnant patient with VHL who underwent microsurgical resection of three dominant lesions. The patient had a successful pregnancy and delivered a healthy baby. The article also discusses the progression of hemangioblastomas during pregnancy and the recommended treatment approaches. [Extracted from the article]

The influence of SiO2 and SiNx cover layers on the dopant distribution as well as microstructure of high fluence Ga implanted Si after thermal processing is investigated. The annealing temperature determines the layer microstructure and the cover layers influence the obtained Ga profile. Rapid thermal annealing at temperatures up to 750°C leads to a polycrystalline layer structure containing amorphous Ga-rich precipitates. Already after a short 20?ms flash lamp annealing, a Ga-rich interface layer is observed for implantation through the cover layers. This effect can partly be suppressed by annealing temperatures of at least 900°C. However, in this case, Ga accumulates in larger, cone-like precipitates without disturbing the surrounding Si lattice parameters. Such a Ga-rich crystalline Si phase does not exist in the equilibrium phase diagram according to which the Ga solubility in Si is less than 0.1 at. %. The Ga-rich areas are capped with SiOx grown during annealing which only can be avoided by the usage of SiNx cover layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is focused on understanding the physical processes responsible for the modification of the structure, electrical and optical properties of polycrystalline TiO2:Ta films formed by annealing of initially amorphous films grown by direct current magnetron sputtering of electrically conductive ceramic targets. It is shown that fine tuning of the oxygen content during deposition of amorphous TiO2:Ta films is critical to achieving low resistivity and high optical transmittance after annealing. Increasing the total pressure during magnetron sputter deposition is shown to decrease the sensitivity of the annealed films to the oxygen flow variation during deposition of the initially amorphous layers. Polycrystalline anatase TiO2:Ta films of low electrical resistivity (ρH = 1.5 × 10-3 ࡎ cm), high free electron mobility (μH = 8 cm2/Vs), and low extinction (k550nm = 0.006) are obtained in this way at a total pressure of 2 Pa. The dependence of the polycrystalline film electrical properties on the oxygen content is discussed in terms of Ta dopant electrical activation/deactivation taking into account the formation of compensating defects at different oxygen pressures. The temperature-dependent transport of the polycrystalline anatase TiO2:Ta films is investigated showing the dominant role of the optical phonon scattering in the case of films with an optimum Ti/O ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 4.5 h since onset of symptoms is the first line treatment in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). In case of emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), IVT is insufficient with 13–33% of early recanalization of middle cerebral artery (MCA) only. Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) within 6 h since the onset of symptoms has increased the rate of recanalization and improved clinical outcomes significantly. If appropriate and if there are no contraindications, IVT is followed by MT. This combination therapy is the second line therapy and the best currently available treatment for patients with AIS and MCA occlusion. Successful recanalization is one of the predictors of favourable outcomes as well as negative predictive marker of mortality. The third line option, microsurgical embolectomy, has been discussed for the treatment of patients with AIS and MCA occlusion after failed MT. The objective of this review will be to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ME in patients with AIS and MCA occlusion, after the failure of IVT and MT on revascularization within 8, 16 and 24 h. Methods: The initial search will be conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The extensive search will involve the listed databases for published literature (MEDLINE, EMBASE, BMC, Cinahl, Scopus, and WoS) and unpublished literature (Open Grey, MedNar, Cos Conference Papers Index, and ProQuest). Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, two independent reviewers will analyse the titles, abstracts and full texts, and then perform critical appraisal of methodological quality and data extraction from selected studies using the standardized tools. Narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies, structured around the type of intervention, target population characteristics, and type of outcome will be performed. Funnel plots will be used to detect and/or correct publication bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]