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The Bos Taurus Papillomavirus, commonly known as bovine papillomavirus (BPV), can cause lesions in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in cattle and induce the formation of papillomas in organs such as the pharynx, esophagus, rumen and reticulum. GIT papillomas can lead to feeding and breathing distress. Moreover, the sample collection is challenging, which reduces the BPV diagnosis in these organs. BPV can cause exophytic nodular, cauliflower-like, flat, filiform or atypical-shape papillomas at the epidermis. Histologically, the papillomas demonstrate orthokeratotic/parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis and, currently, BPV comprises 45 described types. The aim of this study was to carry out the genetic characterization of BPV present in rumen neoplastic lesions of cattle raised extensively in the Western Amazon region, Brazil. A total of 100 papillomatous ruminal samples were collected from animals slaughtered in Ji-Paraná and Urupá municipalities from the Rondônia state, Brazil. The samples were submitted to PCR using the primer pair FAP59/FAP64 and sequenced by the Sanger method. Histopathological analysis was performed on 24 samples, which had enough material for this purpose. As a result, samples were histologically classified as fibropapilloma and squamous papilloma. Among the samples analyzed, it was possible to identify the BPVs 2, 13 (Delta PVs) and 44, with one sample classified as a putative new subtype of BPV44. The present study could identify BPV13 and 44 types in cattle rumen tissues from the Brazilian Amazon region for the first time.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a incidência de lesão de córnea em pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva e associar os principais fatores de risco com a ocorrência de lesão de córnea em pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectivo, no qual foram incluídos 40 pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva, no período de dezembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. A análise de dados ocorreu de forma descritiva e inferencial, por testes estatísticos e medidas de efeito. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 40 pacientes. A lesão de córnea se desenvolveu em 20% (n=8) dos participantes e está significativamente associada aos seguintes fatores: tempo de internação de dois a sete dias (70%; n=28), Glasgow < 13 (50%; n=7), uso de sedativo (33,3%; n=8),uso de broncodilatador (36,8%; n=7), uso de Traqueostomia (TQT) (50%; n=6) e Ventilação Mecânica Invasiva (VMI) (58,3%; n=7), o piscar menos de cinco vezes (61,5%; n=8), o fechamento parcial da pálpebra(38,9%;n=7), a hiperemia (34,8%; n=8), o edema palpebral(41,2%; n=7), o edema conjuntival (50%; n=7) e o ressecamento(50%; n=5). Conclusão O paciente internado em unidade de terapia intensiva está exposto a diversos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de lesão na córnea, com destaque para ventilação mecânica e Glasgow menor que 13 sendo necessária a implementação de medidas profiláticas para lesão de córnea, mediante o controle e mitigação dos fatores de risco e exposição do paciente.

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders and has become a worldwide emergency. Myocardial injury can be caused by direct or indirect damage, particularly mediated by a cytokine storm, a disordered immune response that can cause myocarditis, abnormal coagulation, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome, and myocardial infarction. The present review focuses on the mechanisms of this viral infection, cardiac biomarkers, consequences, and the possible therapeutic role of purinergic and adenosinergic signalling systems. In particular, we focus on the interaction of the extracellular nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with its receptors P2X1, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y2 and of adenosine (Ado) with A2A and A3 receptors, as well as their roles in host immune responses. We suggest that receptors of purinergic signalling could be ideal candidates for pharmacological targeting to protect against myocardial injury caused by a cytokine storm in COVID-19, in order to reduce systemic inflammatory damage to cells and tissues, preventing the progression of the disease by modulating the immune response and improving patient quality of life.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e fatores associados ao consumo excessivo episódico de álcool (CEEA) entre jovens brasileiros. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013. A amostra foi de 7.823 jovens com idade entre 18 e 24 anos. O desfecho foi o CEEA de quatro ou mais doses em uma ocasião para mulheres e de cinco doses ou mais para homens. Foram analisadas variáveis explicativas sociodemográficas, de saúde e comportamentais. Utilizou-se regressão logística binária, com estimação do odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: A prevalência de CEEA entre jovens brasileiros foi de 17%, com diferenças regionais. Foram associados a uma maior chance de CEEA: ter entre 21 e 24 anos (OR = 1,35; IC95% 1,08 - 1,70); exercer atividades remuneradas (OR = 1,27; IC95% 1,01 - 1,61); relatar cansaço (OR = 1,53; IC95% 1,19 - 1,97) e fumar atualmente (OR = 4,10; IC95% 2,95 - 5,70). Ser do sexo feminino (OR = 0,43; IC95% 0,34 - 0,54) e participar de atividades religiosas (OR = 0,67; IC95% 0,53 - 0,84) associaram-se a menor chance de CEEA. Conclusão: Torna-se importante um estudo nacional que avalie o perfil dos jovens brasileiros que apresentam CEEA para favorecer a implantação de políticas públicas de prevenção voltadas para essa população específica.

Objective: To identify the incidence of corneal injury in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit and associate the main risk factors with the occurrence of corneal injury in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study, in which 40 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit were included, from December 2019 to February 2020. Data analysis was descriptive and inferential, using statistical tests and effect measures. Results: The sample consisted of 40 patients. Corneal injury developed in 20% (n=8) of participants and is significantly associated with the following factors: length of stay from two to seven days (70%; n=28), Glasgow < 13 (50%; n= 7), use of sedatives (33.3%; n=8), use of bronchodilators (36.8%; n=7), use of tracheostomy (TCT) (50%; n=6) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (58.3%; n=7), blinking less than five times (61.5%; n=8), partial eyelid closure (38.9%; n=7), hyperemia (34.8%; n=8), eyelid edema (41.2%; n=7), conjunctival edema (50%; n=7) and dryness (50%; n=5). Conclusion: Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit are exposed to several risk factors for developing corneal injury, with emphasis on mechanical ventilation and Glasgow less than 13, requiring the implementation of prophylactic measures for corneal injury, through the control and mitigation of risk factors and patient exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: The goal was to Identify in the scientific production of nursing studies on the standardization of patient sedation of use in intensive care units, to determine best available evidence for the customer care / family and their effects on patient safety. Question clinic: Given the scarcity of scientific production about the effects of using sedation of patients in intensive care, which strategy nurses can use to standardize this use? Methodology: A systematic review was carried out for a period of 5 years (2010-2015). The Data bases used were LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE and PubMEd. Results: Nursing has b influence on the recovery of the patient's health status in critical condition. Sedation causes few side effects and it's recording that can be developed a protocol for the use of this method, besides bringing benefits to patients across their health. Conclusion: It's possible conclude that sedation is often necessary and beneficial to the patient, especially those who are hospitalized in intensive care units, since using multiple equipment and medications, but must be used with caution, assessing always the possibility of their withdrawal or dose reduction. Recommendation: To evaluate daily necessity, and dose of sedatives to avoid prolonged dependence and improve the quality of life of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Pain assessment is a key measure that accompanies treatments in a wide range of clinical settings. A low-cost valid and reliable pressure algometer would allow objective assessment of pressure pain to assist a variety of health professionals. However, the pressure algometer is often expensive, which limits its daily use in both clinical and research settings. Objectives This study aimed to assess the instrumental validity, and the intra- and inter-rater reliability of an inexpensive digital adapted pressure algometer. Methods A single rater applied 60 random compressions on a force platform. The pressure pain thresholds of 20 volunteers were collected twice (3 days apart) by two raters. The main outcome measurements were as follows: the maximal peak force (in kPa) and the pressure pain threshold (adapted pressure algometer vs. force platform). Cronbach’s α test was used to assess internal consistency. The standard error of measurement provided estimates of measurement error, and the measurement bias was estimated with the Bland–Altman method, with lower and upper limits of agreement. Results No differences were observed when comparing the compression results (P = 0.51). The validity and internal intra-rater consistencies ranged from 0.84 to 0.99, and the standard error of measurement from 0.005 to 0.04 kPa. Very strong (r = 0.73–0.74) to near-perfect (r = 0.99) correlations were found, with a low risk of bias for all measurements. The results demonstrated the validity and intra-rater reliability of the digitally adapted pressure algometer. Inter-rater reliability results were moderate (r = 0.55–0.60; Cronbach’s α = 0.71–0.75). Conclusion The adapted pressure algometer provide valid and reliable measurements of pressure pain threshold. The results support more widespread use of the pressure pain threshold method among clinicians.