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Anemia and thyroid disorders are global health issues that affect all ages but are more apparent in women. In this case, some serological components responsible for IDA and TSH downregulation in women have been found actively regulated through a complex vitamin D3 mediated mechanism. This research has been investigated the correlation between activated vitamin D3 and the serological components responsible for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and dysregulation of TSH in childbearing and non-child-bearing women of different health conditions. Experimental sampling from 482 women suffering from both IDA and TSH dysregulation was taken, aged between 0 and 70 years. Serological parameters, such as iron, total iron-binding capacity, and ferritin, were assessed for IDA profiling, whereas thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxin were for TSH profiling based on the individual's serum vitamin D3 concentration. The resulting serological data were interpreted using sophisticated computer programming language and algorithms for quantitative biochemical analysis. The study resulted in a significant correlation between FT4 and vitamin D3 (p < 0.0001) for all age groups. TSH also showed strong interactions with the fluctuation of vitamin D3 level (p < 0.0001), except for the children aged below 10 years (p < 0.063). The iron, TIBC, TSH, and FT4 showed phenomenal regulation with the steroidal-vitamin D3 concentration for congenital patients. Unlike the others, ferritin has a substantial connection with activated Vitamin D3 (p < 0.0064) fluctuation in the serum. To ratify, the concentrations of TSH, FT4, iron, TIBC, and ferritin were found to be significantly interconnected in terms of serum vitamin D3 concentration in women suffering from IDA and TSH downregulation simultaneously. In addition, the BMI condition of the patients can be a major factor in terms of correlating vitamin D3 with the regulatory factors of IDA and thyroid TSH as resulted in this research. To understand the accuracy and efficacy of the serum vitamin D3 in IDA and TSH downregulation, some other inflammatory markers and parathyroid hormone analysis of a large number of samples can be conducted in continuation of this study. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2022; 5(2.000): 320-333]

In recent years measles has been one of the most critical public health problem in Bangladesh. Although the Ministry of Health in Bangladesh employs a broad extension of measles control policies, logistical challenges exist, and there is significant doubt regarding the disease burden. Mathematical modelling of measles is considered one of the most effective ways to understand infection transmission and estimate parameters in different countries, such as Bangladesh. In this study, a mathematical modelling framework is presented to explore the dynamics of measles in Bangladesh. We calibrated the model using cumulative measles incidence data from 2000 to 2019. Also, we performed a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters and found that the contact rate had the most significant influence on the basic reproduction number R0. Four hypothetical intervention scenarios were developed and simulated for the period from 2020 to 2035. The results show that the scenario which combines enhanced treatment for exposed and infected population, first and second doses of vaccine is the most effective at rapidly reducing the total number of measles incidence and mortality in Bangladesh. Our findings also suggest that strategies that focus on a single interventions do not dramatically affect the decline in measles incidence cases; instead, those that combine two or more interventions simultaneously are the most effective in decreasing the burden of measles incidence and mortality. In addition, we also evaluated the cost-effectiveness of varying combinations of three basic control strategies including distancing, vaccination and treatment, all within the optimal control framework. Our finding suggested that combines distancing, vaccination and treatment control strategy is the most cost-effective for reducing the burden of measles in Bangladesh. Other strategies can be comprised to measles depending on the availability of funds and policymakers' choices.

Objective: This research aims to study the target specificity of selective bioactive compounds in complexing with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2) receptor to impede the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 influx mechanism resulting in cardiac injury and depending on the receptors active site properties and quantum tunneling. Materials and Methods: A library of 120 phytochemical ligands was prepared, from which 5 were selected considering their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADMET) and quantitative structureactivity relationship (QSAR) profiles. The protein active sites and belong¬ing quantum tunnels were defined to conduct supramolecular docking of the aforementioned ligands. The hydrogen bond formation and hydrophobic interactions between the ligandrecep¬tor complexes were studied following the molecular docking steps. A comprehensive molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) was conducted for each of the ligandreceptor complexes to figure out the values root mean square deviation (RMSD) (Å), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) (Å), H-bonds, Cα, solvent accessible surface area (SASA) (Å2), molecular surface area (MolSA) (Å2), Rg (nm), and polar surface area (PSA) (Å). Finally, computational programming and algorithms were used to interpret the dynamic simulation outputs into their graphical quantitative forms. Results: ADMET and QSAR profiles revealed that the most active candidates from the library to be used were apigenin, isovitexin, piperolactam A, and quercetin as test ligands, whereas serpentine as the control. Based on the binding affinities of supramolecular docking and the parameters of molecular dynamic simulation, the strength of the test ligands can be classified as isovitexin > quercetin > piperolactam A > apigenin when complexed with the hACE2 receptor. Surprisingly, serpentine showed lower affinity (−8.6 kcal/mol) than that of isovitexin (−9.9 kcal/mol) and quer¬cetin (−8.9 kcal/mol). The MDS analysis revealed all ligands except isovitexin having a value lower than 2.5 Ǻ. All the test ligands exhibited acceptable fluctuation ranges of RMSD (Å), RMSF (Å), H-bonds, Cα, SASA (Å2), MolSA (Å2), Rg (nm), and PSA (Å) values. Conclusion: Considering each of the parameters of molecular optimization, docking, and dynamic simulation interventions, all of the test ligands can be suggested as potential targeted drugs in blocking the hACE2 receptor. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(4.000): 540-556]

Cell-free gene expression (CFE) systems are an attractive tool for engineering within synthetic biology and for industrial production of high-value recombinant proteins. CFE reactions require a cell extract, energy system, amino acids, and DNA, to catalyse mRNA transcription and protein synthesis. To provide an amino acid source, CFE systems typically use a commercial standard, which is often proprietary. Herein we show that a range of common microbiology rich media (i.e., tryptone, peptone, yeast extract and casamino acids) unexpectedly provide an effective and low-cost amino acid source. We show that this approach is generalisable, by comparing batch variability and protein production in the following range of CFE systems: Escherichia coli (Rosetta™ 2 (DE3), BL21(DE3)), Streptomyces venezuelae and Pichia pastoris. In all CFE systems, we show equivalent or increased protein synthesis capacity upon replacement of the commercial amino acid source. In conclusion, we suggest rich microbiology media provides a new amino acid source for CFE systems with potential broad use in synthetic biology and industrial biotechnology applications.

Salvicine is a new diterpenoid quinone substance from a natural source, specifically in a Chinese herb. It has powerful growth-controlling abilities against a broad range of human cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo environments. A significant inhibitory effect of salvicine on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells has also been discovered. Several research studies have examined the activities of salvicine on topoisomerase II (Topo II) by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. As opposed to the well-known Topo II toxin etoposide, salvicine mostly decreases the catalytic activity with a negligible DNA breakage effect, as revealed by several enzymatic experiments. Interestingly, salvicine dramatically reduces lung metastatic formation in the MDA-MB-435 orthotopic lung cancer cell line. Recent investigations have established that salvicine is a new non-intercalative Topo II toxin by interacting with the ATPase domains, increasing DNA–Topo II interaction, and suppressing DNA relegation and ATP hydrolysis. In addition, investigations have revealed that salvicine-induced ROS play a critical role in the anticancer-mediated signaling pathway, involving Topo II suppression, DNA damage, overcoming multidrug resistance, and tumor cell adhesion suppression, among other things. In the current study, we demonstrate the role of salvicine in regulating the ROS signaling pathway and the DNA damage response (DDR) in suppressing the progression of cancer cells. We depict the mechanism of action of salvicine in suppressing the DNA–Topo II complex through ROS induction along with a brief discussion of the anticancer perspective of salvicine.

Abstract Background Endophytic fungi play a vital role in plant defense system by secreting various antimicrobial agents. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic fungi of the mangrove plant Heritiera fomes (Buch. -Ham), plants were collected from the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. The endophytic fungi were subsequently isolated and identified. Results Fifty-five endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves, root, and bark of H. fomes (Buch. -Ham). Genomic DNA was extracted for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) by specific primers to multiply ITS region and sequences were determined. Nucleotide sequence data were submitted to the Genbank and accession number for each fungal strain was obtained. Antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanolic extracts of eleven species from both fermentation and mycelium, respectively, were analyzed by microtiter plate-based antimicrobial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth against two Gram-positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12981 and Micrococcus luteus NCTC 7508, two Gram-negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli NCTC 12241 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 12903, and a fungus Candida albicans ATCC 90028. All the endophytic fungal extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities against more than one-tested pathogenic microbial strains. Overall, methanolic extracts showed greater activity than EtOAc extracts. Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, Pestalotiopsis microspora, and Penicillium copticola were the most active endophytic fungal strains and exhibited strong inhibitory activity against the microorganisms under investigation and their MIC values ranged from 0.0024 to 5.0 mg/mL. Methanolic extracts of both P. camelliae-sinensis and P. microspora showed the highest antibacterial activity (MIC value of 0.0024 mg/mL) against P. aeruginosa NCTC 12903. Conclusion This study showed that the isolated and identified endophytic fungi from H. fomes (Buch. -Ham) could be potential sources of antimicrobial agents.

Abstract Background Subjective wellbeing in terms of objective outcome can be useful to determine the level of progress in clinical practice as well as research studies in Bangladesh. Besides, cultural understanding of well-being for Bangladeshi population is also equally important to report. A valid Bangla version of the five-item WHO Well-being Index can be a suitable measure to achieve the purposes. Therefore, the present study aimed at validating the WHO-5 Well-being Index for general population in Bangladesh. Methods After following the standard procedures for translation, back-translation, and committee translation, the initial Bangla version of the scale was developed and pretested. Based on the feedback during pretesting, a slight modification was made and the final version was developed. This final version was administered to 269 participants of different socioeconomic backgrounds to find out the reliability and validity of the scale from March 2019 to May 2019. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24. Results The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.754) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.713), divergent validity (r = −0.443, p < 0.01 with the Bangla version of Perceived Stress Scale-10) and convergent validity (r = 0.542, p < 0.01 with the Bangla version of Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale). The data also yielded one-factor structure for the scale in exploratory factor analysis explaining 38.68% of total variance. The factor-structure was further supported in the confirmatory factor analysis (χ2 = 295.852, χ2/df = 2.017, RMSEA = 0.062, CFI = 0.986, TLI = 0.964, and SRMR = 0.0255). Conclusion The findings suggested the Bangla version of the WHO-5 Well-being Index is a psychometrically valid and reliable tool for general adult population in Bangladeshi when it comes to measuring subjective well-being both in clinical practice and research studies.

Salvicine is a new diterpenoid quinone substance from a natural source, specifically in a Chinese herb. It has powerful growth-controlling abilities against a broad range of human cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo environments. A significant inhibitory effect of salvicine on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells has also been discovered. Several research studies have examined the activities of salvicine on topoisomerase II (Topo II) by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. As opposed to the well-known Topo II toxin etoposide, salvicine mostly decreases the catalytic activity with a negligible DNA breakage effect, as revealed by several enzymatic experiments. Interestingly, salvicine dramatically reduces lung metastatic formation in the MDA-MB-435 orthotopic lung cancer cell line. Recent investigations have established that salvicine is a new non-intercalative Topo II toxin by interacting with the ATPase domains, increasing DNA–Topo II interaction, and suppressing DNA relegation and ATP hydrolysis. In addition, investigations have revealed that salvicine-induced ROS play a critical role in the anticancer-mediated signaling pathway, involving Topo II suppression, DNA damage, overcoming multidrug resistance, and tumor cell adhesion suppression, among other things. In the current study, we demonstrate the role of salvicine in regulating the ROS signaling pathway and the DNA damage response (DDR) in suppressing the progression of cancer cells. We depict the mechanism of action of salvicine in suppressing the DNA–Topo II complex through ROS induction along with a brief discussion of the anticancer perspective of salvicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research aims to study the target specificity of selective bioactive compounds in complexing with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2) receptor to impede the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 influx mechanism resulting in cardiac injury and depending on the receptor's active site properties and quantum tunneling. Materials and Methods: A library of 120 phytochemical ligands was prepared, from which 5 were selected considering their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADMET) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) profiles. The protein active sites and belonging quantum tunnels were defined to conduct supramolecular docking of the aforementioned ligands. The hydrogen bond formation and hydrophobic interactions between the ligand-receptor complexes were studied following the molecular docking steps. A comprehensive molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) was conducted for each of the ligand-receptor complexes to figure out the values - root mean square deviation (RMSD) (Å), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) (Å), H-bonds, Cα, solvent accessible surface area (SASA) (Å2), molecular surface area (MolSA) (Å2), Rg (nm), and polar surface area (PSA) (Å). Finally, computational programming and algorithms were used to interpret the dynamic simulation outputs into their graphical quantitative forms. Results: ADMET and QSAR profiles revealed that the most active candidates from the library to be used were apigenin, isovitexin, piperolactam A, and quercetin as test ligands, whereas serpentine as the control. Based on the binding affinities of supramolecular docking and the parameters of molecular dynamic simulation, the strength of the test ligands can be classified as isovitexin > quercetin > piperolactam A > apigenin when complexed with the hACE2 receptor. Surprisingly, serpentine showed lower affinity (-8.6 kcal/mol) than that of isovitexin (-9.9 kcal/mol) and quercetin (-8.9 kcal/mol). The MDS analysis revealed all ligands except isovitexin having a value lower than 2.5 Å. All the test ligands exhibited acceptable fluctuation ranges of RMSD (Å), RMSF (Å), H-bonds, Cα, SASA (Å2), MolSA (Å2), Rg (nm), and PSA (Å) values. Conclusion: Considering each of the parameters of molecular optimization, docking, and dynamic simulation interventions, all of the test ligands can be suggested as potential targeted drugs in blocking the hACE2 receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the interactive link between oil prices and the stock market in the 4 selected South Asian countries using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model for 1997–2018. We find a positive relationship between the world oil price and stock market index, and the response of the stock market index to positive and negative oil price shocks is asymmetric. Our results further reveal that higher oil prices in the world market stimulate stock price, suggesting that the South Asian countries do not follow the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). We recommend that the policymakers take initiatives to make the South Asian stock market more efficient by removing the barriers to stock market development, developing the country’s infrastructure, enhancing the stock market’s capacity, and restoring the confidence of the market participants within the region.

Stroke is not only the third leading cause of death in Bangladesh but it also causes a high number of disability adjusted life years loss (485 per 10,000 people). Appropriate treatment of recurrent stroke has to be established. Here we present A 60 year's old male patient with history of recurrent stroke who came in our out patient department. He had progressing bilateral middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis (100.0% on right side and 52.0% on left side) which was less severs but symptomatic at dominant hemisphere (left). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting was done to prevent further ischemia and to increase the blood supply of remaining brain parenchyma. On post stenting follow-up patient did not suffered from any new event of stroke for about 22 months. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting is an effective procedure to prevent recurrent stroke for intracranial atherosclerotic disease.