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Everyone’s personal dignity guarantees freedoms and rights irrespective of age, which means that they also apply to the child. The rights of the child emphasise his or her subjectivity and draw attention to his or her special status determined, admittedly, by dependence on adults, but not without freedom. Emphasising the rights of the child is a kind of compensation for the child’s legal situation due to his/her physical and mental immaturity and dependence. However, every human being, including the child, has duties in addition to rights, which remain in relative balance. In this way, they contribute to the formation of the child’s personality in a balanced way. Limiting oneself exclusively to rights and at the same time margi- nalising duties leads to a disturbance of this balance, the formation of attitudes of entitlement towards others, teaches laziness and lives at the expense of others. As it seems, it is therefore necessary to restore the balance between highlighting children’s rights and depreciating their duties

The government provided the Covid-19 Social Assistance Program to mitigate an economic impact from the restriction on activities to stop the spread of the Covid-19 virus. It caused a significant increase in social assistance spending on the government budget, but the poverty rate still increased. The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of Covid-19 social assistance in increasing the level of family welfare and how the program performs according to the perceptions of policy recipients. Primary research data was obtained through a family survey in 2022. This research uses descriptive analysis to assess policy performance and DID analysis to assess the effect of providing Covid-19 social assistance on welfare. Results show that the implementation of program performance has met the recipient expectations, however, mistargeting and inequalities are still found. Giving cash of IDR300,00 six times unable to maintain family welfare due to the pandemic. Increasing aid value and combining aid with goods is effective in improving well-being but not significant at the family level. The results also show that the number of family members is significant on providing assistance, so the government needs to consider this in determining the value of assistance. The withdrawal of Covid-19 social assistance in the following year significantly reduced welfare because the family economy had not fully recovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to analyze women’s roles in stabilizing their families to improve their conditions during the pandemic. Women have encountered setbacks as they take care of their families in the wake of the pandemic that has adversely affected people’s livelihoods. It employs qualitative research methods and a descriptive study design to ascertain the role women play in improving the welfare of their families during the pandemic. It employs online survey questions and virtual interviews to collect data from a sample size of 100 randomly selected women. The study reveals that women play essential roles in enhancing the hygiene and cleanliness of their homes and children throusgh sanitization and regular washing of hands. They also take leadership and headship of the family following the incapacitation of their spouses by the COVID-19 disease; provide for the family’s basic needs, and provide psycho-social support as caregivers to their affected and infected family members. There is also a need to assist women struggling to protect the interest of their family and their livelihoods during the pandemic to emancipate them from the hurdles that have for a long time hindered them from realizing improved living standards.

Copyright of Journal of Community Service & Empowerment is the property of Journal of Community Service & Empowerment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among traditional fishing families in coastal village areas in Indonesia, women play a strategic role in improving the business they are engaged in and their families' welfare. This study aimed to examine the role and involvement of women in the empowerment and improvement of the welfare of poor, traditional fishing families in coastal areas. This study employed a quantitative research method with a descriptive research type. In addition to collecting data from the results of a survey of 500 respondents, this study also collected qualitative data from the results of in-depth interviews with 25 informants. Women in traditional fishing families play a significant role in supporting the family's financial stability by doing side jobs within or outside the fisheries sector. They have become more empowered, seeking various types of work to support the family's economy. Unfortunately, they do not have long-term goals for the work in which they are involved. Most women in traditional fishing families face obstacles such as capital acquisition, marketing issues, and a strong patriarchal culture that has hampered their work opportunities and developing businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Community Service & Empowerment is the property of Journal of Community Service & Empowerment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ladies enjoy different benefits and fluctuated jobs, remembering for instruction and vocations. The issues of ladies from low monetary gatherings, particularly connected with orientation, need regard for increment their social and financial support. Ladies' strengthening, particularly among unfortunate families, shows the requirement for substantial activities in reinforcing social and monetary viewpoints. This study means to examine the execution of the Ladies' Strengthening Project in Further developing Family Government assistance in Tanah Itam Ulu Ranch Town, Datuk Lima Puluh Locale, Batubara Rule. This sort of examination is subjective exploration utilizing Spellbinding strategy. Not entirely settled by purposive testing, information assortment methods were done by perception, interview and documentation. Information legitimacy test in this review is source triangulation. Information investigation strategies use information decrease stages, information show, and end drawing. The consequences of the review show that there is a ladies' strengthening program, yet it has not had the option to make a huge commitment in further developing family government assistance through the Deqoupage create program. There are impediments in the execution of this strengthening program, chiefly because of the low level of ladies' cooperation. This low interest can be brought about by a few things, like the absence of socialization, the absence of preparing given by the public authority, and the degree of instruction.

This community service activity aims to provide knowledge about the benefits of the digitalization program and the importance of empowering women to achieve gender equality and to improve people's skills in using digital systems by utilizing marine products by making and processing fish balls and learning how to package them. Community service activities were carried out on Laiya Island, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia from March to June 2023. This activity is divided into two stages. The first stage is digital marketing outreach and women's empowerment. At this stage, the proposing team provided material about the importance of empowering women, especially in processing marine products. We also explained the importance of empowering MSMEs by involving women on the island. In the second stage, we conducted training on the use of marine products, especially fish, as the main livelihood on this island. We teach participants how to process and package fish balls and market them online. One of the market attractions lies in digital packaging and marketing. Participants who take part in this activity generally understand how to make packaging in a simple way. At this level, participants are able to explain the importance of women's empowerment programs in supporting the improvement of community or family welfare. The results of the service increase participants' understanding and skills in online social media at the basic stage.

Countries facing population decline have increasingly turned to family welfare incentives to encourage higher fertility. Quantitative analyses have revealed mixed evidence that these policies are effective. However, it remains unknown how much individuals know about their countries' family welfare policies. The extent of men's welfare knowledge in particular remains unexamined. Relying on 26 interviews with prospective parents in Hungary (N = 11) and the US (N = 15), this study examines what knowledge prospective parents have of family welfare policies in two distinct welfare contexts: Hungary, where certain individuals are heavily rewarded for having three or more children, and the US, where individuals do not receive significant financial support for having any number of children. Findings from this study demonstrate how policy knowledge is shaped by the public versus private nature of the welfare state. This study also reveals how policy measures can shape the gendered division of labor years before a child is born – a fruitful area for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The family, as a social institution, plays a key role in institutionalizing, accepting, and promoting the culture of productivity. Since the roots of productivity lie in the literature of economics and management, it has failed to establish conceptual links with the institution of “family.” Therefore, there is a need to clarify the concept of “family productivity” within the realm of family. This research aims to extract a model by delineating the components, dimensions, and different layers of the conceptual productivity of the family. Method: Thematic Analysis with a focus on the “economic productivity” domain has been conducted through library studies and interviews with experts in the field. Findings: According to the conceptual model, the family has inputs that, within its framework of actions and decision-making, transform into various economic and social outputs in the family and society. However, every decision made by the family has effects and consequences for its economic and social inputs and capital. The analysis of the economic productivity model of the family shows that the culture of productivity carries a meaningful system with it and imposes it on economic behaviors. Thus, desirable economic behaviors are achieved by the combination and fusion of family requirements and the culture of productivity, distinguishing action domains (including work and production, capital and physical assets, government subsidies, credit, loans, essential expenses, welfare and luxury expenses, savings, investment, charitable expenses, intergenerational transfers, religion and borrowing, risk management and insurance, taxation, allocation, and recovery). Discussion: Productive decisions lead to increased levels of input, whereas non-productive decisions result in reduced or wasted resources, and this feedback loop will continue. The elements of the culture of productivity in the family have the potential for repetition and practice and can easily be transmitted through the family. Individuals can determine the level of productivity in their own micro and macro decisions and even witness the consequences of their choices. Moreover, the analysis of behaviors showed that the three pillars of need, capability, and belief are indeed the same levers of intervention in deter- mining the level of economic productivity in the family, leading to the diversity of economic lifestyles of families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working with the families of origin of children and adolescents (CA) who are in the CA protection system is essential to achieve reunification, which is the ultimate objective when planning foster care; it is a scientific, social and professional challenge that must be included in the legislation of each country. For this, it is essential that the laws consider and regulate the participation of families in decision‐making during foster care and subsequent reunification processes. We analysed 22 laws enacted through Spanish legislation, both national and regional, that regulate the protection of children. The study focuses on analysing how the Spanish legislation contemplates the participation of parents during foster care and subsequent reunification. The Spanish legislative texts do not expressly, clearly and effectively include the participation of parents. They are limited to the punctual recognition of acts of notification and hearing and, where appropriate, of opposition to certain resolutions. Spain lacks a general legal framework that supports and guarantees the necessary participation of the family in the protection system. The focus on the recognition of the rights of CA in laws as a result of international pressure has relegated the legal protection of the rights of parents, mainly in their right to be heard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everyone's personal dignity guarantees freedoms and rights regardless of age, which means these freedoms and rights are also granted to children. Children's rights highlight children's subjectivity and draw attention to their special status, which is, in fact, determined by the child's dependence on adults, but is still not passive or submissive. This emphasis on the child's rights sort of equalises the child's legal situation which is results from their physical and mental immaturity and dependence. However, every human being - including a child - has duties in addition to rights, which remain in relative balance. Thus, they contribute to the formation of the child's personality in a balanced manner. Focusing solely on the enjoyment of rights and simultaneously neglecting duties distorts this balance and contributes to the development of attitude of taking everything for granted, laziness, and choosing to live at the expense of others. It seems therefore necessary to restore the balance between the focus on children's rights and the marginalisation of their responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Critique of Law: Independent Legal Studies / Krytyka Prawa: Niezalezne Studia nad Prawem is the property of Akademia Leona Kozminskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The family is the smallest unit of a society. The family is a unit consisting of the head of the household and several people who gather and live in one place under one roof in a state of mutual dependence on one another. Financial problems are something that must be experienced by a family, especially families who are just starting the household ark. Therefore, it is necessary to have good financial literacy so that family finances can be managed properly in order to achieve family welfare. The method used in this paper is literature study from journals and books and other publications related to the variables in this paper. The data in this study were taken from books and journal articles which were combined to provide solutions and procedures for good family financial management. This paper discusses how to do good financial planning so that families can adjust their expenses to family income. It is hoped that this paper can reduce the negative impact of public ignorance about family financial management.

Surrogacy in India is an unfettered and unregulated practice which is being carried out blatantly without any legal sanction. The guidelines issued by the Indian Council of Medical Research to regulate clinics running Surrogacy arrangements under the umbrella of Artificial Reproductive Technique are the current driving force of this Fertility Tourism Industry. The codified law is yet to be adopted and implemented. The growth in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) methods is the recognition of the fact that infertility as a medical condition is a huge impediment in the overall well-being of couples and cannot be overlooked, especially in a patriarchal society like India. A woman is respected as a wife only if she is a mother of a child so that her husband's masculinity and sexual potency is proved and the lineage continues. The practice of nourishing another's fetus in the womb is known as surrogacy. Surrogacy has been the most contentious use of ARTs. These include the possibility of finding substitutes not only for parental genetic material but also for the womb. Surrogacy is a tripartite agreement which includes the intending parents, the surrogacy clinics, and the surrogate woman who agree to commission a pregnancy on behalf of another woman, ready to relinquish all her rights on the child born out of the arrangement for a monetary remuneration. The practice of surrogacy involves social, moral, legal, ethical, and scientific issues in an attempt to harmonize conflicting interests. This paper will focus on the new Surrogacy Bill 2020 and its implications on the medical infertility tourism industry in India.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the tofu home industry in Aek Lancat Village in improving the welfare of employees' families. To find out how the role of the home industry in improving the welfare of the families of employees in Aek Lancat Village according to Islamic Economics. Home industry is a business activity that is able to expand employment and provide broad economic services to the community, reduce unemployment and improve people's welfare. This type of research is field research (field research) which is obtained through a reference center by going directly to the field (research site ) to view and retrieve data directly. The data sources for workers in the tofu home industry in Aek Lancat Village are Kholijah Hasibuan and Midar Hasibuan, besides that there are several buyers from local residents such as Mrs. Seftiani, as well as small traders around the village of Aek Lancat. An increasingly efficient industrial sector in a national economy requires small companies in the management industry. The growth of home industries in rural areas will improve the village economy with various types of business activities and community skills. Tofu home industry in Aek Lancat Village, Kec. Lubuk Barumun in its business activities can help build the local community's economy because this business is related to livelihoods. Home industry y This is very helpful in building the community's economy, especially in the family economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women are one of the supports for national development that is not only seen from the social sphere. The success of the family planning program is highly dependent on community participation, namely family commitment between mothers and husbands. The participation and empowerment of women in contributing to the success of the family planning program is a potential strategy for increasing women's access and cultural transformation. Community service aims to increase women's knowledge and understanding of their role in improving family welfare through family planning safaris. Methods: Health counselling was used as a way to improve community health. A pretest and posttest related to the theme were conducted to determine the results of the improvement and understanding of participants. Results: There was an increase in knowledge and understanding from the pretest results showing that only 71% of women knew and understood the role of women. After receiving health counselling, women's knowledge and understanding became 100%. Conclusion: This means that counselling is still an effective way to empower by increasing knowledge and understanding related to the role of women as a way to improve family welfare through the Safari KB program.

International migration causes changes in roles within the family, which impact the family well-being of female migrant workers. This study aims to analyze the effect of women's economic contribution, family interaction, and social support on the welfare of women migrant workers' families. This study uses a functional, structural approach with a quantitative study design. Sampling was conducted using non-probability sampling, that is, a purposive sampling technique with the snowball method. This research was conducted on 120 families of female migrant workers in Masbagik District, East Lombok Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Data collection was carried out with the help of a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) program and Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS) software. The results of the influence test show that social support has a direct effect on family welfare. The biggest social support received by the husband comes from friends/neighbors who are one of the husband's closest environments. This finding indicates that social support greatly influences the family well-being of female migrant workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family development policies in Indonesia aim to foster family resilience and welfare by supporting families to carry out their functions optimally. Family functions refer to a set of values practiced by the family members. This study aims to analyze the effect of family characteristics, family knowledge and participation in the Family Development Program on the functioning of families in Indonesia. This study used secondary data from the cross-sectional study "The 2019 Population, Family Planning and Family Development Program Accountability Performance Survey (SKAP)". This study involved 69,662 families selected using a probability proportionate to size sampling, collected June-September 2019 across 34 provinces in Indonesia. The education level of the householder has the most significant impact on family functions practice among family characteristics variables (β =.106, p <.05). Family knowledge (β =.188, p <.05) and participation (β =.032, p <.05) in the Family Development Program has a significant positive effect on family functioning. These findings further reinforce the role of Family Development Program in helping families carry out their functions optimally. Thus, this study recommends further socialization of Family Development Program to promote well-functioning family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surrogacy in India is an unfettered and unregulated practice which is being carried out blatantly without any legal sanction. The guidelines issued by the Indian Council of Medical Research to regulate clinics running Surrogacy arrangements under the umbrella of Artificial Reproductive Technique are the current driving force of this Fertility Tourism Industry. The codified law is yet to be adopted and implemented. The growth in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) methods is the recognition of the fact that infertility as a medical condition is a huge impediment in the overall well-being of couples and cannot be overlooked, especially in a patriarchal society like India. A woman is respected as a wife only if she is a mother of a child so that her husband's masculinity and sexual potency is proved and the lineage continues. The practice of nourishing another's fetus in the womb is known as surrogacy. Surrogacy has been the most contentious use of ARTs. These include the possibility of finding substitutes not only for parental genetic material but also for the womb. Surrogacy is a tripartite agreement which includes the intending parents, the surrogacy clinics, and the surrogate woman who agree to commission a pregnancy on behalf of another woman, ready to relinquish all her rights on the child born out of the arrangement for a monetary remuneration. The practice of surrogacy involves social, moral, legal, ethical, and scientific issues in an attempt to harmonize conflicting interests. This paper will focus on the new Surrogacy Bill 2020 and its implications on the medical infertility tourism industry in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe the empowerment of youth organization in improving family welfare through the cultivation of cardamom plants and the use of livestock waste as organic fertilizer. This research is a quantitative descriptive study in which the researchers collect information related to the development of agricultural potential in Giripurwo Village. The research subjects were the hamlet chief, the youth organization chief, the youth organization members and the community of Bulu Hamlet, Giripurwo Village. The sampling technique was carried out by using the snowball sampling. Data collection techniques in this study used questionnaires and interview guidelines. Data analysis was carried out through quantitative descriptions and then categorized it through percentages. The results showed that the empowerment of youth organization was carried out through: 1) counseling about development had an average of 80% (good category), 2) training activities had an average of 74% (good category), 3) coaching activities had an average of 86% (very good category), and 4) role increasing had an average of 77% (good category). Overall, this empowerment program showed that 79% (good category) was appropriate. Youth organization are able to process livestock waste into organic fertilizer and develop agricultural potential through cardamom cultivation. In addition, there is a commitment from the participants to manage the knowledge and skills acquired during the activity and the implementation of these activities continuously in order to improve family welfare.

Purpose. This study aims to analyze: (1) the characteristics of the second generation of transmigrants; (2) the welfare of the second generation compared to the first generation. Methodology / approach. The research setting is two villages in Rimbo Bujang District, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The population of this study consists of second-generation transmigrant families over the age of 20 or married. A simple random sampling method determined the sample. The number of samples is 40 respondents for each selected village; the total sample is 80 respondents for the second generation and 80 for the first generation. A descriptive analysis was conducted with the help of single and cross-frequency tables. Results. The welfare of the second generation is improved compared to the first generation. The study found that land fragmentation occurred in transmigrant families, but this did not cause a decrease in welfare, as there are job opportunities outside the agricultural sector and land fragmentation already within the family. The second generation of transmigrants can take advantage of these job opportunities outside the agricultural sector because their education is better than the first generation. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this research is related to the object of research, namely the welfare of transmigrant descendants. So far, research on transmigration has focused more on the first generation of transmigration and the macro aspects of the transmigration program. Practical value / implications. The government is recommended to facilitate and create a favorable investment climate so that non-agricultural business activities in transmigration villages can develop better. The development of these non-agricultural activities will open up new job opportunities and be able to eliminate the decline in welfare due to the fragmentation of land within the family.

COVID-19 pandemic impacted economic activity, including a decrease in the number of online motorcycle taxi passengers due to large-scale social restrictions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of determinant factors: work source of stress, self-efficacy, coping strategies, and symptoms of stress on the family welfare among online motorcycle taxi drivers. This study also analyzed the differences of all research variables according to years of service (less or more than two years). A cross-sectional design involving 120 online drivers in Bogor who were selected by convenience sampling was applied in this study. All research instruments used in data collection have good reliability. Data was collected by filling out a structured questionnaire shared with a google form, considering the pandemic conditions. Data was analyzed inferentially using SPSS and Smart PLS. Different test results showed that drivers who worked less than two years had lower earnings before and during the pandemic but performed higher coping strategies than those who worked more than two years. Self-efficacy positively affects online motorcycle taxi drivers' family welfare during the pandemic, objectively and subjectively. While work source of stress negatively affects subjective family welfare only.

Parental involvement in dual-earner families is a subject that has been widely studied in the literature in Western contexts. Less attention, however, has been allocated to the challenges that dual-earner families encounter in raising children in Arab Gulf states. This paper study aims to address the following questions: To what extent are dual-earner families involved in their children's lives? What are the gender differences in parental involvement? This paper employed the 2017 survey data of working Qatari males and females to measure their parental involvement and engagement in family time and childcare. The results highlighted parental factors, work characteristics and social supports as key factors determining the degree of parental involvement. The results also showed the gender differences in parental involvement scores, which comprise several factors, including work demands and time spent with children. Taken together, our findings provide insights allowing suggestions for mechanisms that could generate foundational parental welfare policies for dual-earner families in Qatar and the wider Arab Gulf Region as a whole. Further contributions to this research domain could include studies encompassing a wider scope of geographical locations within the Arab Gulf states using robust experimental investigations. Highlights: Work demands and time spent with children are associated with a greater potential of parental involvement scores. Compared with working mothers, fathers are less likely to spend time on childcare, indicating gender differences in parental involvement. Adequate social supports and labor policies should be formulated and implemented by the state to increase the level of parental involvement in dual-earner families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is a conditional cash transfer program for low-income families. The requirement is to be actively involved in education and health. The Family Hope Program in Indonesia was implemented in 2007 to alleviate poverty and prosper low-income families. The research and writing of this journal aim to determine the impact of PKH on family welfare and see if there is a reduction in poverty after the government realizes the Family Hope Program. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The study results indicate that the impact of PKH on beneficiary families, including the cash provided, can meet consumption or family needs and help the economy of PKH recipient families. The implementation of the program can reduce poverty in Aceh. The percentage of the poverty rate fell to 0.02%. The limitation of the research is the impact of PKH on family welfare and wants to examine whether there is a decrease in the percentage of poverty in Aceh or Aceh Barat. The practical implication of this research is to provide information to the government that PKH can improve the welfare of low-income families. The social significance is to give the government and the general public that the implementation of social assistance programs, one of which is the Family Hope Program, can reduce poverty rates in Aceh or West Aceh. The originality of the research is supported by previous research related to the author’s research study

The program aims to improve the knowledge and welfare of the Family Welfare Empowerment or abbreviated as PKK group through cultivation of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) and reduce organic waste by utilizing it as BSF growing media. Reusing organic waste is an effective way to reduce waste such as vegetables and fruits. Increasing organic waste in Sungguminasa Central Market causes the society needs in knowledge and information on managing the organic waste to become economically valuable products. Based on the observations, the black soldier fly program as fish feed in term (Lady Kaka) was used as main solution because BSF in maggot phase consumes the organic waste. The program involves seven people from PKK group with majority of housewives who do not have fixed income. The implementation of this program consists of 3 phases, namely initial preparation phase which includes observation, administration, and provision of tools and materials, implementation phase which includes training and activation of PKK group, and the last is monitoring and evaluation phase. The results achieved were the transfer of knowledge through training activities to PKK group about BSF cultivation and its management to become fish feed and product marketing to increase the productivity and prosperity of PKK group as well as reducing the trash in Sungguminasa Central Market due to being utilized as growing media of BSF

In many welfare regimes, families and communities are often considered as social policy solutions to the extent that they are called into action to provide support and care services. The resort to 'family' and 'community' seems to contrast the atomization of today's society, but it entails two risks: first, the privatization of welfare; second, the exclusion of the most fragile and needy people, as well as individuals without a network. The COVID-19 pandemics have made these risks even more evident: the crisis has exacerbated the centrality of informal networks in producing welfare services and helps. These are the reasons why it is necessary to reflect on the need to primarily develop an individual – rather than a family and community – welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demands for family needs are increasing along with the changing times and science. Thus, Family Welfare Program or Program Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) is nationally aimed to empower families to improve prosperity towards faith and devotion to God; virtuous morality; health; prosperity; independence; gender equality, justice; legal and environmental awareness. This paper aims to provide a descriptive picture to PKK Deliksari management about the level of implementation of the members of each workgroup program (I, II, III, IV); give a picture to PKK management about which workgroup is responded mostly by members; provide an overview of the skills education that is most interesting in Deliksari community, so it can be followed up through village entrepreneurship training; provide an overview of facilities needed to motivate the community to increase efforts. The research was conducted in Deliksari. The total respondents are 58 people determined by purposive sampling. The data collection tool is questions with multiple answers corroborated by in-depth interviews with management, some members, and field observations. The study found that the achievement of program implementation percentage included the average achievement of workgroup I in the high category; the average achievement of workgroup II in the medium category; the average achievement of workgroup III in the medium category, the average achievement of workgroup IV in the medium category; the average achievement of workgroup I to IV in the medium category; and the highest percentage, that is, from residents choosing “baking cookies” skill (63.79%), sewing skills (13.79%) and planting fruit around the houses (22.41%).

Indonesia is a developing country in which poverty is one of the problems faced by each province. The government continues to strive to overcome this problem of poverty to be able to create conditions for a prosperous society. The government's efforts to poverty alleviation are by providing some assistance programs. Therefore, it is necessary to build a decision support system that is useful to help the government to make a decision. This decision support system applies the EXPROM II (The Extended Promethee II) method with the weight of objective criteria. There are 15 criteria used based on SUSENAS data from the Statistics Indonesia of East Kalimantan Province. This research resulted in a decision support system that can give priority order of the level of family welfare so that it can be considered or referred by the local government or related agencies in distributing assistance to the society.

This study aims to determine the extent of the role of the family welfare empowerment program (PKK) in increasing women's empowerment in Telaga District. This research is a qualitative research with data collection method through interviews and documentation. The research results obtained that the implementation of the PKK program has provided many benefits in empowering women, especially in the village. The success was obtained thanks to government support at the sub-district level and also for direct coaching by the Gorontalo Regency PKK management to sub-district and village PKK. The PKK program is also not fully implemented. The main obstacles faced are the low capacity of the community, especially women, and the lack of mastery of technology. For this reason, active participation and full support from the government are needed in the development and maximization of the PKK program. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sejauhmana peran program pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK) dalam meningkatkan pemberdayaan perempuan di Kecamatan Telaga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa pelaksanaan program PKK telah banyak memberikan manfaat dalam pemberdayaan perempuan khususnya di Desa. Keberhasilan diperoleh berkat adanya dukungan pemerintah di tingkat kecamatan dan juga atas pembinaan langsung oleh pengurus PKK Kabupaten Gorontalo kepada PKK kecamatan hingga desa. Program PKK juga belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Hambatan utama yang dihadapi adalah masih rendahnya kapasitas masyarakat khususnya perempuan serta masih minimnya penguasaan terhadap teknologi. Untuk itu diperlukan partisipasi aktif dan dukungan penuh dari pemerintah dalam pengembangan dan maksimalisasi program PKK.

COVID-19 pandemic impacted economic activity, including a decrease in the number of online motorcycle taxi passengers due to large-scale social restrictions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of determinant factors: work source of stress, self-efficacy, coping strategies, and symptoms of stress on the family welfare among online motorcycle taxi drivers. This study also analyzed the differences of all research variables according to years of service (less or more than two years). A cross-sectional design involving 120 online drivers in Bogor who were selected by convenience sampling was applied in this study. All research instruments used in data collection have good reliability. Data was collected by filling out a structured questionnaire shared with a google form, considering the pandemic conditions. Data was analyzed inferentially using SPSS and Smart PLS. Different test results showed that drivers who worked less than two years had lower earnings before and during the pandemic but performed higher coping strategies than those who worked more than two years. Self-efficacy positively affects online motorcycle taxi drivers' family welfare during the pandemic, objectively and subjectively. While work source of stress negatively affects subjective family welfare only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Families subject to child protection services are often in a marginalised position with less resources to live up to normative expectations of parenthood. Statutory social workers and parents often hold conflicting views regarding the child's needs and the family situation, and their relationship is asymmetric leaving the parents with less power to define the situation. This is legitimised in the child's need for protection and care. However, parents and families can also be vulnerable. Therefore, a core ethical concern is how to act carefully in consideration of different positions and perceptions. In this article, we argue that within such a context of state power and service delivery ethical reflection is crucial, but in a way that makes visible the connection between power and care. Consequently, we offer an analysis of the connection between power and care in statutory social work that captures core ethical, relational and professional dilemmas. This analysis combines notions from care ethics with sociological perspectives on power, conflict, trust, recognition and social suffering, and is illustrated by the case Cecilia and her children. Based on this, we suggest possibilities for care ethics in statutory social work and further research on care and power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Family welfare is largely influenced by internal, external and family management factors. Internal family factors that affect welfare include: income, education, employment, number of family members, age, asset ownership and savings; while external factors that affect prosperity are easy financial access to financial institutions, access to government assistance, easy access to goods / equipment credit and location of residence. Meanwhile, elements. This study aims to get the demography profile of social, economy the villagers in Mulyasejati. examine the factors that influence family welfare in the village of Mulyasejati. This research uses a quantitative approach with cross-sectional design by questionnaire taken from 90 family heads. Data analysis uses multiple regression. The results showed the relationship of internal factors on family welfare obtained R =.487 with a significance level =.000 <0.05 then there is a relationship of internal factors on family welfare, the relationship of external factors on family welfare obtained a value of R =.528 with a significance level =.027 <0.05, then there is a relationship between external factors on family well-being, management factors on family well-being obtained R =.559 with a significance level =.043 <0.05, then there is a relationship between management factors on family welfare. Factors affecting family welfare are internal factors 23.7%, external factors 4.2%, and family management 3.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial problems are common to families. Mismanagement of the economy is often a source of contention between husband and wife and becomes a problem of household rifts. Good Sakinah finance is expected to neutralize the economic pressures faced by the family so as not to interfere with the interaction process that results in family welfare. This study aims to analyze the effect of religiosity on the implementation of sakinah finance and its impact on family welfare. This study uses a correlational design with 60 Muslim women studying at the Daarut Tauhid Mosque in Bandung. Sampling is done by using a non-probability random sampling method for young and senior Muslim age groups, Muslim women studying at the Daarut Tauhid Mosque in Bandung. Based on simple linear regression, it is known that religiosity affects the implementation of sakinah finance. And other results indicate the implementation of sakinah finance affects family welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The role of community health workers in healthcare delivery system is considered inevitable to meet the goal of universal healthcare provision. The study was planned to assess the knowledge and practices for maternal health care delivery among Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers in North-East district of Delhi, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in North-East district of Delhi among 55 ASHA workers after taking written informed consent. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire consisted of items on sociodemographic profile of ASHA workers, knowledge, and practices about maternal health. The data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 17. Qualitative data were expressed in percentages and quantitative data were expressed in mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results: Mean age (±SD) of ASHAs was 31.84 ± 7.2 years. Most of the ASHAs workers were aware of their role in provision of maternal health services. Most of the ASHAs workers were aware of their work of bringing mothers for antenatal check-up (94.5%), counseling for family planning (96.4%), and accompanying them for hospital for delivery (89.1%). 87% of ASHAs knew that iron tablets have to be taken for minimum 100 days during pregnancy. 51 (92.7%) ASHAs reported that they used to maintain antenatal register. Some problems reported by ASHAs while working in community were shortage of staff at health center (16.4%), no transportation facility available (14.5%), no money for emergency, and opposition from local dais (12.7% each). Conclusion: Present study showed that ASHAs knowledge is good but their practices are poor due to number of problems faced by them which need to be addressed through skill based training in terms of good communication and problem solving. Monitoring should be made an integral part of ASHA working in the field to ensure that knowledge is converted into practices as well.

Women's empowerment of fostering family welfare (PKK) activities through training programs, provision of venture capital, expansion of access to social services, and increased independence. The process of empowerment is directed to vulnerable groups have the capability or empowerment of poverty alleviation and education. The aims of research were identifying and analyzing form factors inhibiting women's empowerment in the organization skills of fostering family welfare (PKK) activities in the District of West Tegal; Analyzing Empowerment of women who developed can give higher yields on skills activities of the fostering family welfare (PKK); Analyzing the support of decision-makers, community leaders and cadres of the fostering family welfare (PKK) as well as for the community, as well as facilities in the organization of society on the skills of women empowerment activities of the fostering family welfare (PKK). The research was qualitative research based on post-positivism, and Data was collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The result of the provision of skills such as making food made from fish, crackers, bananas cake improve skills so that people become motivated to improve the lives of their families. The research suggests that it needs high participation from the members of fostering family welfare (PKK) also the motivation of the board to make the members of fostering family welfare (PKK) become more prosperous.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of economic changes in the 1990s and 2000s on the welfare of married households, taking into account the relative earnings structure of husband and wife. Modeling the household members' joint labor supply, we find that families in which the wife is the higher wage earner experienced as much welfare gain in the 1990s and significantly higher welfare gains in the 2000s as families in which the husband is the higher wage earner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating several livelihood strategies by families is an effect of limitation faced by families. This study aimed to analyze livelihood strategies and their effects on the welfare of non-irrigated farm families in Playen District of Gunung Kidul Regency. Region that is used as a location of study was an area which was far from the capital of district and nearby area of the capital of district. The study involved 100 families interviewed using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression. Based on indicator of family welfare level from BKKBN, the study found that the prosperous family is as much as 57.0 percent and the rest is not prosperous. Overall, the study found that majority of farmer family has mix livelihood strategies. The results showed that the age of husband which is younger, the increase of spending cost per capita, and the increase of physical capital of a family directly affect the welfare of the family. On the other hand, the kind of coping strategies of farmer family and also the location of the family does not affect the family welfare. These results indicate the absence of the influence of coping strategies towards family welfare of non-irrigated farm family in this study.

Kenyan community leaders called for strengthened sustainable livelihoods for farmers and in 1992 formed a self-help dairy group that was reorganized in 2009 to form the Wakulima Dairy Ltd. (WDL). At WDL, members sell surplus milk to the dairy and, through nongovernmental organization (NGO) partnerships, receive training to enhance dairy farm productivity. As a result, higher milk production has been reported; however, data are lacking on sustainability and livelihood outcomes of dairy training for women farmers. To inform future projects and interventions, our study objectives were to determine the relationships between dairy group membership and duration of membership, sustainable livelihood assets, household income, and food security. We thus conducted a cross-sectional survey of 88 WDL members (among four membership duration groups) and 23 nonmember farmers. Milk production and herd size were higher for greater-than-three-year members compared to nonmembers and one-to-three-year members. The proportion of households with an income from dairy of greater than 5,000 ksh/month (ranging from 0 to 40 percent), food security (ranging from 4 to 30 percent), and number of improved household characteristics (ranging from 1.7 to 3.3), were positively associated with longer membership duration. While the cross-sectional design does not allow attribution of causality, results suggested that WDL membership strengthened the livelihood assets of women farmers, particularly after three years, and that positive outcomes were sustained with longer membership duration. Anecdotally, women indicated that WDL's role in women's control of dairy income, regular payments, and food and services on credit, were important. WDL is a model to strengthen sustainable livelihoods through relevant gendered training, supports, and market access for agricultural products. Research to understand the optimal asset mix to benefit from dairy groups as well as factors limiting per-cow milk production is needed to guide future interventions and enhance the role of dairy farming for sustainable livelihoods.

The birth of a number of family-related legislation and a number of technical rules related to the implementation of the Pre-Marriage Course, even used as one of the requirements to be able tocarry out the marriage, indicating that the program isconsidered so important. But in reality, the Pre-Marriage Courseis not going well, still aformalist.Therefore, these programs should receive serious attention and increasingly and developed according to the needs and the times. Therefore, the government should give serious attention to this issue before it becomes a problem that may threaten the quality generation.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2862

Se efectuó una intervención comunitaria en 47 familias con pacientes diabéticos del Consejo Popular Sueño, perteneciente al Policlínico Docente "Armando García Aspurú" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2009 hasta febrero del 2010, con vistas a instruirles en algunos aspectos fundamentales relacionados con la diabetes mellitus. Antes y después de aplicadas las técnicas educativas en los familiares (durante 6 sesiones de trabajo), se les realizó una encuesta, y luego de 6 meses se entrevistó a los afectados. La información fue procesada de manera computarizada y se emplearon el porcentaje y el test de Mc Nemar como medidas de resumen y comparación, respectivamente. Posterior a la instrucción diabetológica, se obtuvo un incremento del apoyo familiar, lo cual favorecería el logro de una mejor atención a estos pacientes y un mayor control de la enfermedad.A community intervention was performed in 47 families with diabetic patients of Sueño People's Council, belonging to "Armando García Aspurú" Teaching Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba, from January 2009 to February 2010, in order to educate them in some fundamental aspects related to diabetes mellitus. Before and after educational techniques were applied in the family (during 6 working sessions), they were surveyed, and after 6 months patients were interviewed. The information was computerized and the percentage and the McNemar's test as summary measures and comparison were used respectively. After diabetes education there was an increase of family support, which would encourage the achievement of better care for these patients and a greater control of the disease.

Family is the basis of public welfare. Family welfare determine the children development. Indonesia government ensure family and child welfare of their citizen by applying Child Rights Convention and strengthen some policies. Indonesia government, through Ministry of Social, also arranged PKSA/ Children Welfare Program. This program classify vulnerable child into five cluster, and reach them by three ways: integrated cash aid, social workers, and access to social services. This program targeted no less than 4.3 million children in all region. Though this program were succesfully implemented, but still needed some improvement, such as involvement of local government, recruitment of social workers, and more establishment of LKSA with good facilities and services. PKSA should also be financially sustainable that can reach more children from many families with its whole services.

Copyright of Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The role of community health workers in healthcare delivery system is considered inevitable to meet the goal of universal healthcare provision. The study was planned to assess the knowledge and practices for maternal health care delivery among Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers in North-East district of Delhi, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in North-East district of Delhi among 55 ASHA workers after taking written informed consent. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire consisted of items on sociodemographic profile of ASHA workers, knowledge, and practices about maternal health. The data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 17. Qualitative data were expressed in percentages and quantitative data were expressed in mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results: Mean age (±SD) of ASHAs was 31.84 ± 7.2 years. Most of the ASHAs workers were aware of their role in provision of maternal health services. Most of the ASHAs workers were aware of their work of bringing mothers for antenatal check-up (94.5%), counseling for family planning (96.4%), and accompanying them for hospital for delivery (89.1%). 87% of ASHAs knew that iron tablets have to be taken for minimum 100 days during pregnancy. 51 (92.7%) ASHAs reported that they used to maintain antenatal register. Some problems reported by ASHAs while working in community were shortage of staff at health center (16.4%), no transportation facility available (14.5%), no money for emergency, and opposition from local dais (12.7% each). Conclusion: Present study showed that ASHAs knowledge is good but their practices are poor due to number of problems faced by them which need to be addressed through skill based training in terms of good communication and problem solving. Monitoring should be made an integral part of ASHA working in the field to ensure that knowledge is converted into practices as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was to analyze the role of gender, women's economic contribution, and family welfare of horticulture families in Sindangjaya village, Cianjur District, West Java Province. This research involved 30 families that chosen purposively and collecting data was held by interview. Gender roles consist of gender roles in domestic, public, and farm financial management activities. Economic contribution was measured by the proportion of women income in family income. Objective well-being was measured by poverty line of BPS and subjective well-being was measured by wife’s satisfaction. Data was analyzed by descriptively and Pearson correlation test. The results showed that gender roles in domestic and public activities in moderate category and gender roles in farm financial management in high category. Average of women's economic contribution in family income was 11,3 percent. Mostly family were nonpoor families base on BPS indicator and also had subjective well-being in moderate category. Women's economic contribution was correlated significantly with objective and subjective well-being.

Providing support to families has long been a feature of social policy systems globally. Recent years have increasingly seen family support shift to recognise the growing trend and policy ambition of maternal employment, particularly in a European context. UK and Ireland represent two examples of countries that have sought to respond to changing labour market and work–life balance dynamics through promoting a choice agenda for working mothers. Whilst both countries are characterised as neo-liberal economies they have promoted the choice agenda via different welfare benefit packages. The recent economic crisis has seen both countries cutting the level of support provided for families, raising questions about the extent that mothers are still being provided with choice in how to combine work and family life. Whilst the cuts look to refocus welfare provision on vulnerable children and their families, they also reflect the push towards individualised responsibility for managing new social risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]