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Copyright of BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Africa Spectrum is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the extraction of Colombian oil in the phase of conflict transformation, and questions whether it contributes to peace in the Latin American country and if so, under which conditions. By applying a case study methodology to the oil sector, the level of power and wealth sharing in the department of Putumayo will be assessed. The article establishes that channels of participation and wealth distribution are only working marginally, but that armed groups as well as the civil society continue to apply pressure on the sector through violent or non-violent, legal and illegal means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Africa Spectrum is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The first oil‐producing regions in the human history were located near Baku. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the Balachany‐Sabuncu‐Ramany region produced more than 60 % of Baku's oil. This oil sources are largely exploited and contain yet only heavy extractable fractions of crude oil. Experiments with oil samples from this oil fields show, that irradiation with microwaves under addition of magnetite catalysts leads to a reduction of petroleum viscosity. It seems to be a new attempt for intensive extraction of petroleum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Africa Spectrum is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Africa Spectrum is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on the consequences for Europe of the "tight oil revolution" and the projected "risk aversion" strategy of the United States in the Middle East following its recent energy independence. No longer able to free-ride on the back of US military control in the region, the EU is ill prepared for any potential supply crisis and must rely on an inefficient, incoherent and all too market-oriented energy security. The article concludes that the EU should use the newly created geopolitical constellation as a wake-up call to, in the medium term, design a grand strategy for energy security within its foreign policy to better provide favorable investment climates in producer states, and, in the long term, to transform itself into a low-carbon society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over several decades, geologists, entrepreneurs, politicians, and public authorities dealt with a potential petroleum occurrence in Switzerland. They provided scientific expertise, granted concessions, invested capital and sank bore holes. Although the endeavour was never successful economically, it reveals how closely related geopolitical situations and the exploitation of natural resources were. This article investigates the search for crude oil in Switzerland from the 1930s until the 1960s, combining a history of science and technology perspective with a history of the political regulations and economic considerations concerning the extractive industry. It traces the changing fears and hopes about potential oil occurrences in Switzerland: From an investment to overcome future shortages, to the risk of imperial desires if oil would be found in abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Africa Spectrum is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lateinamerika Analysen is the property of Institute for Ibero-American Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)