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Abstract Background Microplastics are ubiquitous, widespread environmental pollutants with unavoidable human exposure. Herein, it was aimed to investigate the presence of microplastics in prostate tissue. Methods Prostate tissues from 12 patients who underwent Trans Urethral Resection of the Prostate (TUR-P) were analyzed to investigate the presence of microplastics. Initially, the prostate tissues were analyzed for microplastic particles using a light microscope after extraction. Subsequently, the chemical composition of the particles found in the prostate tissues was characterized using Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrophotometry. Results Microplastic particles of various types were detected in 6 out of 12 patients. All detected plastic particles in this study were microplastics, with sizes below 26 μm in size. These microplastics exhibited different shapes as pellets, spheres or fibers. Overall, among the 12 analyzed prostate tissue samples, four different types of plastic were identified in six samples. The most common type of microplastic detected was Polyamide (Nylon 6), found in samples from three patients. Other detected types, Polypropylene, Polyacrylic Acid and Poly (dimethylsiloxane) were each determined in samples from one patient. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of microplastics in prostate tissue, serving as an exploratory investigation, which can trigger further research to validate the results in a larger patient cohort.

PURPOSEWe aimed to investigate the accuracy of Vesical Imaging - Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) in the detection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and to determine which factors affect the results of this scoring system.METHODSA prospective data analysis of 80 patients who were detected to have bladder tumor was performed between March 2019 and October 2020. VI-RADS scoring was used to determine the probability of muscle invasion. The scores were compared with pathological results to evaluate the accuracy of the VI-RADS scoring system. Interobserver agreement was assessed by VI-RADS scoring of 20 randomly chosen patients by a different experienced radiologist.RESULTSUsing the VI-RADS scoring system, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) were 87.5%, 87.5%, 63.6%, and 96.6%, respectively. The interobserver agreement expressed as the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.44-0.84, P < .001). In addition, the flat appearance of the tumor was an important factor affecting the accuracy of the VI-RADS score (odds ratio: 5.3 [95% CI: 1.1-27.0] and relative risk: 1.87 [95% CI: 1.24-2.82]).CONCLUSIONThe mpMRI, used in conjunction with VI-RADS, has proven to be an effective imaging method for detecting muscle invasion in cases of bladder cancer. VI-RADS scoring system can distinguish whether there is a muscle-invasive and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with acceptable accuracy. In addition, the flat appearance of the tumor is an important entity that can affect the accuracy of the VI-RADS scoring system.

Objective: Perirenal fat stranding (PFS) is linear areas of soft-tissue attenuation in the perirenal space on non-contrast computed tomography. The present study aimed to investigate whether PFS is associated with infectious complications after ureterorenoscopy (URS) in patients with ureteral calculi in any location. Methods: The data of 602 patients with ureteral stones who underwent URS were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups as Group 1 (PFS not detected) and Group 2 (PFS detected). Gender, and age of patients, size, side, and location of the stone, operation time, double-J stent insertion status, perioperative ureter injury, postoperative infection after URS and related complications, and duration of hospital stay were compared. Results: While PFS was not detected in 530 patients, PFS was detected in 72 patients. The mean age, male/female ratio, side and localization of the stones, operation time, and perioperative insertion of the double-J after lithotripsy were statistically similar (p>0.05). The median stone diameter was smaller in Group 2 (9 mm vs. 8 mm) (p=0.033). Fever was observed in 30 and 38 patients in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (p=0.0001). Urinary tract infection was detected in 24 and 27 patients in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (p=0.0001). The urosepsis did not occur in any patients in Group 1, whereas 8 (11.1%) patients in Group 2 experienced urosepsis (p=0.0001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, patients with ureteral stones accompanied by PFS are much more prone to ureteral injuries and infectious complications such as urinary tract infection, fever, and sepsis after URS.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of varicocelectomy on semen analysis and pregnancy in infertile men. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients underwent varicoselectomy between 2009 and 2014 in two referal hospitals, and 180 infertile patients with complete records were included. All surgeries were performed by using a microscope or loop. The preoperative and postoperative sperm parameters and spontaneous pregnancy rates were evaluated. Results: Mean age of the patients was 29.6 (17-46) years. 99 (55%) of the patients achieved spontaneous pregnancy after the surgery. 81 (45%) of the patients were guided to infertility polyclinics for assisted reproductive methods. When the sperm parameters were analyzed, the rate of the patients who had improved sperm concentrations were 22.7%; the rate of the patients who had improved sperm motility (a+b) was 59.4%; the rate of the patients who had improved sperm morphology was 51.1 (p

Objective: Urinoma is a rare entity and mainly occurs due to acute obstruction such as ureteral stone. We aimed to demonstrate factors associated with urinoma accompanied by ureteral calculi. Material and methods: Data of 550 patients who were diagnosed with ureteral stone by computed tomography (CT) were analyzed retrospectively. In 20 patients perirenal urinoma was associated with ureteral calculi (group I), whereas in other 530 patients no urinoma was detected (group II). Gender, age, size, side and localization of the stone, hydronephrosis, fever, sepsis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), hematuria, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT) and cronic kidney disease (CKD) of the two groups were compared. Results: The average age of the patients were 46.2 (20-71) and 44.9 (10-82) years in group I and group II, respectively (p > 0.05). According to our results leukocytosis, microscopic and macroscopic hematuria, UTIs, increase of serum creatinine, BUN and CRP, diagnosis of DM and HT were significantly associated with urinoma (p < 0.05). In addition, patients with distal ureteral stones are more prone to urinoma (p = 0.001). An interesting finding of the study was that the stone size in group I (median 5 mm [range 3-8]) was significantly smaller than in group II (9.3 mm [4-25]; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Small stone size, distal localisation of the stone in ureter, leukocytosis, hematuria, UTIs, increase of serum creatinine, BUN and CRP, presence of DM and HT are associated with perirenal urinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of ureteral stent insertion following semirigid ureterorenoscopy (URS) in patients with perirenal fat stranding (PFS) due to ureteral stones. Material and methods: Data of 600 patients who underwent URS were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy-two patients detected to have PFS accompanying ureteral stone were included. Patients who did not undergo double J (DJ) stent insertion following semirigid URS were classified as Group I (n: 52), while those who underwent stent insertion were classified as Group II (n: 20). Side distribution; localization of the stones, stone size, presence of fever, urinary tract infection (UTIs) and urosepsis rates were compared in the two groups. Results: The average age of the patients was 44.4 (20-71) years. Male/female ratio and side of the stone location showed similar distribution in both groups (p > 0.05). Fever occurred in 23 cases (44.2%) in Group I and in 15 cases (75%) in Group II (p = 0.038). UTIs occurred in 15 cases (28.9%) in Group I and in 12 cases (60%) in Group II (p = 0.03). Urosepsis presented in 3 (5.8%) and 5 (25%) of the patients in Group I and II, respectively (p = 0.033). Conclusions: According to our results, ureteral DJ stent insertion following URS in patients with PFS due to ureteral stone caused an increase on postoperative infection related complications.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED), thought to be a vascular disease, and AB0 blood group. Material and Method: The study included 350 people abiding by the study criteria who applied to our clinic from April 2012-April 2015. The patients were divided into two groups including those with ED (Group 1) and those without (Group 2). Age, blood group, IIEF-5 score and presence of additional diseases were recorded. Erectile functions were analyzed according to blood group. Results: There was no difference between the mean age of 111 patients with ED and that of 239 patients without ED included in the study (p = 0.284). There was no difference between patients in the two groups in terms of smoking, alcohol use, hypertension and diabetes (p > 0.05). Among patients in the ED group, the mean IIEF-5 score according to blood group was 19.8 ± 5.04 in the 0 blood group, 16.5 ± 5.2 in the A blood group, 17.2 ± 5.3 in the B blood group and 13.3 ± 3.02 in the AB blood group. The IIEF-5 scores of individuals in the 0 blood group were significantly high compared to individuals in other blood groups (p = 0.004). Logistic regression analysis found that compared to the 0 blood group, the erectile dysfunction risk was 3.9 times greater for the A blood group, 3.5 times greater for the B blood group and 4.7 times greater for the AB blood group (p = 0.001) (Table 3). Conclusion: The risk of erectile dysfunction was significantly increased for individuals in the A, B and AB blood groups compared to individuals in the 0 blood group.

The relationship between the results of penile duplex Doppler ultrasound (PDDU) and response to vardenafil was investigated in patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED). Data from 148 patients with ED were analyzed retrospectively. Patients who did not respond to therapy were classified in to Group I (n = 32), those who responded partially were classified into Group II (n = 40), and complete responders were classified into Group III (n = 76). Age, comorbidities, and vascular and penile pathologies were compared among the three groups. While diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia positivity adversely affected the response to treatment, the presence of hypertension (HT), Peyronie’s disease and priapism increased the therapeutic response to the treatment (p < 0.05). Arterial insufficiency was present in 20 (30.3%), 25 (37.9%) and 21 (31.8%) of the patients in Group I, Group II and Group III, respectively (p = 0.001). Venous insufficiency was observed in three (14.3%) patients in Group I and in eight (85.7%) patients in Group III (p = 0.001). Arterial/venous insufficiency was seen in 9 (30%), 14 (46.7%) and 7 (23.3%) of the patients in Group I, Group II and Group III, respectively (p = 0.001). The response rate to treatment was highest in normal patients according to PDDU, followed by patients with venous insufficiency. In addition, it was found that DM decreased the response to treatment, whereas the response increased in cases with HT, priapism and Peyronie’s disease.

Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether leaving the biopsy needle used during prostate needle biopsy in 10% povidone-iodine (betadine) solution affects the infectious complications forming after biopsy. Material and Method. This study retrospectively evaluated the data of 176 patients with prostate biopsy performed between December 2012 and April 2014. Patients in Group 1 (n=89) were given ofloxacin as a prophylactic antibiotic before biopsy. Patients in Group 2 (n=87) had the biopsy needle left in povidone-iodine solution for 1 minute before each use, in addition to antibiotic prophylaxis. The two groups were compared in terms of infective complications developing after biopsy. Results were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test. Results. The distribution of infective complications after biopsy according to group was as follows. Group 1, not using betadine, had 15.7% fever, 13.5% hospital stay, 12.4% urinary retention, 10.1% prostatitis, and 5.6% sepsis. The distribution of the same complications in Group 2 using betadine was identified as 5.7% fever, 4.6% hospital stay, 3.4% urinary retention, 2.3% prostatitis, and 0% sepsis. The use of betadine was found to significantly reduce the infectious complications after biopsy compared to the control group (p