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A dication of [5]cycloparaphenylene ([5]CPP2+) was selectively encapsulated by neutral [10]CPP to form the shortest double-layer carbon nanotube, [10]CPP⊃[5]CPP2+. While the same host–guest complex consisted of neutral CPPs, [10]CPP⊃[5]CPP, was already reported, the cationic complex showed an about 20 times higher association constant in (CDCl2)2 at 25 °C (103 mol L−1). Electrochemical and photophysical analyses and theoretical calculations suggested the partial electron transfer from [10]CPP to [5]CPP2+ in the complex, and this charge-transfer (CT) interaction is most likely the origin of the higher association constant of the dicationic complex than the neutral one.

Radical cations and dications of [n]cyclo-p-phenylenes ([n]CPPs, n = 5, 6, 10, and 12), which are the models of those of linear oligo-p-phenylenes without a terminus, were synthesized as hexafluoroantimonate salts by the one- and two-electron chemical oxidation of CPP by NOSbF6 or SbF5. The radical cations, [n]CPP•+, and dications, [n]CPP2+, exhibited remarkable bathochromic shifts in their UV-vis-NIR absorption bands, suggesting that [n]CPP•+ and larger [n]CPP2+ exhibit longer polyene character than the shorter analogues. The larger bathochromic shift was consistent with the narrower HOMO-SOMO and HOMO-LUMO gaps in larger [n]CPP•+ and [n]CPP2+, respectively. In [n]CPP•+, the spins and charges were equally and fully delocalized over the p-phenylene rings of the CPPs, as noted by ESR. ¹H NMR revealed that the hydrogen of [n]CPP2+ shifted to a high magnetic field from the neutral compounds due to the diamagnetic ring current derived from the in-plane aromaticity of [n]CPP2+. The single resonances observed in all [n]CPP2+ strongly suggest the complete delocalization of the charges over the CPPs. Furthermore, the contribution of biradical character was clarified for [10]- and [12]CPP by VT-NMR experiment and theoretical calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mono- and multinuclear complexes of ruthenium and [n]cycloparaphenylene (CPP, n = 5 and 6) were synthesized in excellent yields through ligand exchange of the cationic complex [(Cp)Ru(CH3CN)3](PF6) with CPP. In the multinuclear complexes, ruthenium selectively coordinated to alternate paraphenylene units to give bis- and tris-coordinated Ru complexes for [5] and [6]CPPs, respectively. Single-crystal Xray analysis revealed the Ru was coordinated with η6-hapticity on the convex surface of CPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The syntheses of [3]- and [4]cyclo-9,9-dimethyl-2,7-fluorenes ([3] and [4]CFRs), cyclic trimer, and tetramers of 9,9-dimethyl-2,7-fluorene (FR), respectively, were achieved by the platinum-mediated assembly of FR units and subsequent reductive elimination of platinum. A triangle-shaped tris-platinum complex and a square-shaped tetra-platinum complex were obtained by changing the platinum ligand. The structure of the triangle complex was unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Reductive elimination of each complex gave [3] and [4]CFRs. Two rotamers of [3]CFR were sufficiently stable at room temperature and were separated by chromatogra-phy. The physical properties of the CFRs were also investigated theoretically and experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of highly strained [5]-cycloparaphenylene ([S]CPP), a structural unit of the periphery of C60 and the shortest possible structural constituent of the sidewall of a (5,5) carbon nanotube, was achieved in nine steps in 17% overall yield. The synthesis relied on metal-mediated ring closure of a triethylsilyl (TES)-protected masked precursor lc followed by removal of the TES groups and subsequent reductive aromatization. UV-vis and electrochemical studies revealed that the HOMO-LUMO gap of [5]CPP is narrow and is comparable to that of C60, as predicted by theoretical calculations. The results suggest that [5]CPP should be an excellent lead compound for molecular electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective synthesis of [6]-, [8]-, and [10]cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) was achieved by a new synthetic route involving Ni(0)-mediated coupling of bis(para-haloaryl)dinuclear arylpla-tinum complexes and the reductive elimination of the complexes. Importantly, the highly strained [6]CPP was prepared in good overall yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]