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Internationally it has become increasingly common practice to modify escalated BEACOPP (eBPP) by replacing procarbazine with dacarbazine to reduce haematopoietic stem cell and gonadal toxicity in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. We show eBPDac patients have a reduced blood transfusion requirement and earlier return of menstrual periods compared with real-world eBPP patients (Figure 1A). We have compared toxicity data with 73 UK patients treated with eBPP and outcome data with 2073 patients treated in the German HD18 trial. [Extracted from the article]

Based on 5 yr of observations with the 40-foot telescope at Green Bank observatory (GBO), Reichart & Stephens found that the radio source Cassiopeia A had either faded more slowly between the mid-1970s and late 1990s than Baars et al. had found it to be fading between the late 1940s and mid-1970s, or that it had rebrightened and then resumed fading sometime between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, in the L band (1.4 GHz). Here, we present 15 additional years of observations of Cas A and Cyg A with the 40-foot in the L band, and three and a half additional years of observations of Cas A, Cyg A, Tau A and Vir A with GBO's recently refurbished 20-m telescope in the L and X (9 GHz) bands.We also present amore sophisticated analysis of the 40-foot data, and a reanalysis of the Baars et al. data, which reveals small, but non-negligible differences. We find that overall, between the late 1950s and late 2010s, Cas A faded at an average rate of 0.670 ± 0.019 per cent yr-1 in the L band, consistent with Reichart & Stephens. However, we also find, at the 6.3σ credible level, that it did not fade at a constant rate. Rather, Cas A faded at a faster rate through at least the late 1960s, rebrightened (or at least faded at a much slower rate), and then resumed fading at a similarly fast rate by, at most, the late 1990s. Given these differences from the original Baars et al. analysis, and given the importance of their fitted spectral and temporal models for flux-density calibration in radio astronomy, we update and improve on these models for all four of these radio sources. In doing so, we additionally find that Tau A is fading at a rate of 0.102+0.042-0.043 per cent yr-1 in the L band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex relationship between governments and international historians is the theme explored in Forging the Collective Memory. Government and International Historians through Two World Wars (Providence/Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1996; pp. [...]

Introduction: Over recent decades, two prominent trends have been observed in Canada and elsewhere: increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and increasing participation of women (including mothers) in the paid labour force and resulting demand for child care options. While an association between child care and children's body mass index (BMI) is plausible and would have policy relevance, its existence and nature in Canada is not known. Methods: Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, we examined exposure to three types of care at age 2/3 years (care by non-relative, care by relative, care in a daycare centre) in relation to change in BMI percentile (continuous and categorical) between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years, adjusting for health and socio-demographic correlates. Results: Care by a non-relative was associated with an increase in BMI percentile between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years for boys, and for girls from households of low income adequacy. Conclusion: Considering the potential benefits of high-quality formal child care for an array of health and social outcomes and the potentially adverse effects of certain informal care options demonstrated in this study and others, our findings support calls for ongoing research on the implications of diverse child care experiences for an array of outcomes including those related to weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased awareness of coeliac disease and the 2009 NICE guidance has led to an increase in patients being screened for Immunoglobulin A deficiency. We have shown previously that this provides an opportunity for the early identification of other underlying primary immunodeficiency, e.g. common variable immunodeficiency. In this context, the underlying gastrointestinal problem appears to be related to bacterial overgrowth. Here, we demonstrate that in addition this also provides an opportunity to reveal underlying secondary immunodeficiency due to other causes in patients with gastrointestinal presentation, notably lymphoproliferative disorders. In one 3-month period, of 60 cases reviewed for low Immunoglobulin A, we found four new paraproteins through this testing route; one symptomatic multiple myeloma, one asymptomatic multiple myeloma, one monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and one in a known chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter explores the relationship between attachment theory and treatment of perpetrators of domestic violence. First, the authors present a brief overview of attachment theory. This is followed by a discussion of how domestic violence research findings suggests that attachment theory is a good paradigm to understanding the phenomenon of intimate violence. Lastly, the authors describe the elements of attachmentoriented psychotherapy as they might apply to working with perpetrators of domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assaultiveness and abusiveness have a psychology that must be addressed in therapy; they are not merely the product of 'bad attitudes' or social roles, nor can they be narrowly defined as the robotic imitation of action. Perceptions and feelings about the world of intimate relationships both sustain and are sustained by abusive actions. These provide points of intervention for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Given the tendency to shame easily, abusive men must not be confronted too quickly or too strongly. On the other hand, given their well-established denial system and tendency to minimize the consequences of their abusiveness, some confrontation must occur. Hence a 'Zen' line of least resistance must be found between the opposites of acceptance and confrontation. Treatment outcome studies indicate moderate success for cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for batterers. Treatment is less successful with men who have personality disorders, especially psychopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied all patients attending a free-standing minor accident and treatment service (MATS) run by emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs). In a six-month period, 5563 patients were seen in the MATS, of whom 2843 (51%) were new attenders. A teleconsultation was carried out with 150 of these patients (2.7% of all cases). The most common reason (39%) was to discuss a radiograph with an accident and emergency consultant. The accuracy of the telemedicine-assisted radiographic diagnosis was checked subsequently by a review panel. The ENPs' working diagnoses (made by viewing the films) had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 96%; this was improved by telemedicine assistance to 97% and 99%, respectively. The telemedicine patients were also surveyed several months after being seen in the MATS; their replies indicated that the telemedicine diagnoses had been correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the book "Palmerston: A Biography," by David Brown.

Many theories of speech perception rely on the loci of spectral peaks as at least one factor upon which pattern recognition is based. However, when a peak is lower in amplitude than its neighbors, it may not be used in phonetic recognition. In the first experiment, a [u]-[i] series was constructed by manipulating the amplitude of a spectral peak (851 Hz). Subjects readily identified an item from the series with a low-amplitude, 851-Hz spectral peak as an [i]. It would appear that this peak, at a low amplitude, is not used at a phonetic level of processing. Further experiments test the perceptual locus of the use (or nonuse) of this low-amplitude peak information. Selective adaptation experiments were run in which the adaptors, including the [i] from the first experiment, varied in spectral overlap with a [u]-[u] test series in order to determine the degree to which the low-amplitude, 851-Hz peak is utilized in processing. The results will be discussed in terms of how peaks are analyzed at different levels of processing and how this relates to various theories of speech perception. [Work supported by NIDCD DC00219.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two models of human vowel recognition were simulated and their performances compared. The first was proposed by Syrdal and Gopal [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 1086-1100 (1986)] and modified for implementation. Five dimensions composed of critical band differences between spectral peaks (including F0) were computed for each input stimulus. Identification was based on the best match of the input to a set of prototypes. The second was a full octave filtering model simulating central auditory processing. Parallel filters combined all spectral peaks within three critical bands into a single peak. The match between each stimulus and the prototypes was then used as the basis for categorization. The prototypes used in each model were based on Peterson and Barney [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 175-184 (1952)]. The performance of the two models in identifying vowels will be described. In addition, performance of the models was compared to data of human subjects for tone analogs of vowel and single formant vowels. Relative strengths and weaknesses of the two models will be discussed. [Work supported by NINCDS.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]