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Byline: Ranajoy. Ghosh, Dilip. Dutta, Shatavisha. Dasgupta, Uttara. Chatterjee, Sandip. Chatterjee, Manoj. Chaudhuri Sir, Meningiomas are slow-growing lesions arising from the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.[sup][1] Although [...]

Background: Maternal Mortality is one of the most important issues in our country. Ectopic Gestation is one of the few reasons which contribute to it. The first successful surgical management of a tubal ruptured ectopic pregnancy occurred in 1883. In those times mortality was approximately 60%. Since then lot of development in management of ectopic pregnancy has taken place which has resulted in reduction of related mortality. But still it remains as one of the important topics as now due to more infections (i.e PID) and resulting ectopic gestations and further operative salphingectomies, there is a reduced chance of patient to conceive naturally afterwards. Hence role of conservative surgeries comes to the front. Aims and Objectives: Role of Conservative Surgical Management of Ectopic pregnancy and its relation to future fertility. Materials and Methods: This Study was undertaken at GICE Clinic, Cure Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal India from January, 2008 to January 2019. During this period 64 patients were diagnosed and operated for Ectopic pregnancy. Results: Forty (62.5%) cases were in between 20-30 years of age. Forty-four (68.7%) cases had no issue. Forty-eight (75.0%) cases were from low socio-economic group. Sixty patients (93.7%) had the history of amenorrhea. It was also observed that history of induced abortion was in 20 (31.2%) cases, PID in 12 (18.7%) cases, appendectomy -- 6 (9.4%) cases and history of previous IUCD insertion - 4 (6.3%) were found to be common amongst ectopic gestation cases. Twenty-four (37.5%) cases underwent linear salpingostomy, 8 (12.5%) cases had segmental resection with end to end anastomosis whereas 16 (25.0%) cases had salpingectomy and 16 (25.0%) cases had salpingo-opherectomy with tubectomy [opposite tube] were advocated. In 4(6.3%) cases of linear salpingostomy and 4 (6.3%) cases of segmental resection, the cases had to be re-operated again for unstable haemodynamic condition within 24 hours and were subsequently advocated to salpingectomy. Conclusion: Linear Salpingostomy was found to be a better option for women who desire to become future mother, than that of segmental resection and salpingectomy on affected tube (although pregnancy was reported as opposite tube) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2007.00406.x Byline: SUPRIYO DE, DILIP DUTTA (1) Keywords: C23; L86; O40 Abstract: This paper examines the impact of intangible capital, including human capital and organisational capabilities on productivity, using India as an illustrative example. The research breaks new ground in creating measures of intangible capital at a micro level. Measures of tangible and intangible capital are used to estimate a 'new economy' production function with panel data. Generalised method of moments techniques are used to account for unobserved firm heterogeneity and endogenous explanatory variables. The results indicate that intangible assets have a major impact on software sector output. This has important implications for public policy and corporate strategy towards the information technology industry, including for Australia. Author Affiliation: (1)Discipline of Economics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Article note: Correspondence: Supriyo De, Discipline of Economics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Email: sude7043@mail.usyd.edu.au

Aim: This study is aimed to analyze the socio-demographic factors of teenage pregnancy compared to adult pregnancies. Method: A Hospital based prospective study of all teenage pregnant females admitted to Rural Medical College Hospital in Karnataka. Data was collected by detailed history taking and following up the patient from admission till delivery by using a proforma devised for the study. For each teenage two simultaneous adults primigravidas were studied. Result: Most of teenage mothers (53.5%) haven't had primary education itself compared to 8.1% in adults. In the present study, majority of the population 47.5% in teenage and 72.5% in adults belonged to middle socioeconomic class (upper and lower) and 43.75% of teenage belong to low socioeconomic class compared to 15% of adults. In my study 98% of the population belonged to rural area. 61.25% of teenage mothers were booked. In present study the TT Immunization was adequate for both the groups. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is still a huge problem in India mainly related to early menarche, early age at marriage, low education, unemployment, joint family structure, lack of antenatal care. The problem of teenage pregnancy cannot be removed instead focus can be diverted towards reducing chances of early pregnancy which can be difficult for a teenage girl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses capability-based sustained/total human development. In his lecture on Practical Vedânta in London, England, on November 10, 1896, Indian philosopher and monk Swami Vivekananda asserted that millions of years have passed since man originated, and yet but one infinitesimal part of his powers has been manifested. Indian philosopher and economist Amartya Sen's capability approach provided the philosophical foundations of human development.

Objective: The present comparative study helps in developing a new approach to conventional hysterectomy procedure so as prevent intra-operative and Post-operative complications during the procedure. Methods: Ligation of uterine and ovarian arteries was performed, prior to abdominal hysterectomy procedures, in Group A (n-1000) and conventional method of abdominal hysterectomy in Group B (n-450) from January 2000 to December 2009. It was a prospective study. Results: In Group A it was noted that traumatic injury to (L) uterine vessel was present in 4 (0.4%) cases and (R) uterine vessel in 3 (0.3%) cases without any noticeable injury to the ovarian vessels, ureters or bladder as compared to in Group B where injury to (L) uterine was noted in 11 (2.4%) cases, ureters in 1 (0.1%) case, bladder in 6(1.5%) cases, hematoma in 10 (2.2%). Post-operative complications were found to be uneventful in Group A. Conclusion: The Present study concludes that ligation of uterine and ovarian arteries, prior to conventional abdominal hysterectomy procedures is found to be extremely safe procedure thereby reducing the risk of intra-operative and post- operative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Uterine atony accounts for 80% of causes of PPH and is one of the important cause of maternal death. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of Dutta's score for early detection and management of uterine atony during emergency LSCS to prevent PPH. Study methods: This study was undertaken at JNM, NSGN, CN at Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal India from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2011. Three hundred cases undergoing emergency LSCS were selected for randomized trial. Clinical observations were made after placental expulsion for scoring which includes shape and size of uterus, rugosity, tone, placental localization and time of placental expulsion. Score of 0, 1, 2 were given on each observation. Three groups are created depending on scoring-Group A (130) -8 to 10, Group B (N-100) -5 to 7 and Group C (N-70) - <5 for better management. Management protocols were formulated in the three groups for prevention of PPHGroup A:- Oxytocin 10U (5U IM + 5U IV 40drops/min in Ringer Lactate 500ml) Group B:- Oxytocin 15U (5U IM + 10U IV 40drops/min in Ringer lactate 500 ml) + methyl ergometrine (0.25mg IM) + anterior posterior uterine wall compression Group C:- Oxytocin 20 U- (5U IM plus 15 U IV 40 drops in Ringer Lactate 500 ml) + methyl ergometrine (0.5mg IM) + carboprost (250 mcg IM) + lateral followed by anterior posterior uterine wall compression + compression of isthmic region of uterus + misoprostol 800mg per rectal during post operative period. Results: After adopting Dutta's score and management protocols it was interesting to observe that intra and post operative blood loss within 2hr were found to be significantly reduced in group A-69.3% (<300CC), 84.6%(<200CC) and group B-70%(<300cc), 72%(<200CC). Intra operative blood loss >500cc were also found to be reduce in group A- 7.6%, group B-14%. In group C intra operative blood loss >500cc were seen in 47.1% and post operative -32.9% cases. Hemoglobin level <11gms after 24 hrs of LSCS was found to be minimally reduced (in comparison to preoperative hemoglobin level) in group A (1.5%), group-B (2%) and group C (11.4%). Conclusion: Early diagnosis and management of uterine atony during emergency LSCS after adopting Dutta's score were found to be not only reduce intra and post operative blood loss but also was found to maintain a satisfactory hemoglobin level and hemodynamic status. Maternal mortality was found to be nil. This randomized trial highlighted the importance of prompt treatment in group C to reduce intra and post operative blood loss and maternal morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article applies generalized gravity models to analyze Bangladesh's bilateral trade pattern using the panel data estimation technique. The results reveal that Bangladesh's trade is positively determined by the size of the economies, per capita gross domestic product differential and openness of the trading countries. Bangladesh's exports are positively determined by its income, partner countries' total import demand and openness, but negatively determined by partner countries' income and domestic inflation. Bangladesh's imports are positively determined by income of trading countries and degree of openness of the partner countries and negatively determined by partner countries' inflation. Transportation costs affect Bangladesh's trade negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper investigates the socio-economic determinants of four stages of borrowing process of the Jordanian microfinance market. The equations and functions corresponding to the stages of the borrowing process are estimated using a sample of 474 microentrepreneurs. The main results are as follow: variables that reflect the repayment ability are the main determinants of credit rationing in the microfinance market; religious beliefs, social responsibilities, availability of local microfinance provides, application costs, level of knowledge about microfinance providers significantly affect the borrowing process of microentrepreneurs. Credit rationing is found to be a problem for some applicants, but not for the majority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the behaviour of Indian aggregate imports during the period 1971-1995. In the empirical analysis of the aggregate import demand function for India, cointegration and error correction modelling approaches have been used. In the aggregate import demand function for India, import volume is found to be cointegrated with relative import price and real GDP. The econometric estimates of the import-demand function for India suggest that import-demand is largely explained by real GDP, and is generally less sensitive to import price changes. Import liberalization is found to have had little impact on import demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the framework of an endogenous growth model, this study empirically analyses the relationship between trade policies and industrial growth in Pakistan during the period 1973-1995. The cointegration and error correction modelling approaches have been applied. The empirical results suggest that there exists a unique long-run relationship among the aggregate growth function of industrial value added and its major determinants of the real capital stock, the labour force, real exports, the import tariff collection rate and the secondary school enrolment ratio. The short-term dynamic behaviour of Pakistan's growth function of industrial value added has been investigated by estimating an error correction model in which the error correction term has been found to be correctly signed and statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the existence of a long-run aggregate merchandise import demand function for Bangladesh during the period 1974-94. The cointegration and error correction modelling approaches have been applied. Empirical results suggest that there exists a unique long-run or equilibrium relationship among real quantitities of imports, real import prices, real GDP and real foreign exchange reserves. The dynamic behaviour of import demand has been investigated by estimating two types of error correction models, in which the error correction terms have been found significant. In model I, real import prices and real GDP (lagged one year) and in model II, real import prices, real GDP (lagged one year), real imports (lagged one quarter) and a dummy variable capturing the effects of import liberalization policies have all emerged as important determinants of import demand function. The error correction models have also been found to be robust as they satisfy almost all relevant diagnostic tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]