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Purpose: To examine the clinical characteristics, comorbid status and laboratory parameters of patients followed up with a diagnosis of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and to compare blood inflammation parameters with control subjects. Methods: The medical records of 49 patients who were followed up for RAO at Dicle University Medical Faculty between 2017 and 2020 were retrospectively analysed. The occlusion type was divided into two groups, central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). The demographic characteristics and clinical and laboratory tests of the groups were compared. The blood WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and platelet counts of the patients were also recorded, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte, monocyte/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte counts were calculated by simple division and compared with 41 age- and gender-matched controls. Results: There was no difference in age and gender between the CRAO and BRAO groups (p = 0.220 and p = 0.303 respectively). Heart disease was significantly more common in CRAO patients (p = 0.004), and hypertension was observed more often, although not significantly (p = 0.084). WBC, neutrophil and monocyte values were found to be significantly higher in those with RAO than in the controls (p = 0.005, p < 0.001, p = 0.035 respectively). The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was found to be significantly higher in those with RAO (p = 0.007). Conclusion: RAO is associated with significant elevation in WBC and NLR. The association of CRAO with cardiovascular disease is prominent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thalassemia major (TM) is an inherited anaemia caused by faulty haemoglobin synthesis. Reducing serum iron levels using iron chelating agents is an important step in the treatment of TM, and the effects on the eye of both the disease and these agents can be determined by regular eye examination. Objectives: We evaluated macular and optic nerve vascular densities in children with TM and compared the results with healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Design: This is a prospective study. Methods: A total of 30 children with TM and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. The area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the vascular densities (VD) of the optic nerve head (ONH), radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) and deep and superficial retinal vascular networks were measured using OCTA. Results: A statistically significant decrease in VD was observed in the whole image and the parafovea, superior hemi, superior and inferior parts of the superficial capillary plexus and in the whole image and the superior regions of the deep capillary plexus in the TM patient group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in VD was also observed in the whole image and the inside disc, peripapillary, nasal, inferonasal and temporal regions of the ONH and in the whole image and the inside disc, peripapillary and inferonasal regions of the RPC network in patients with TM (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between both serum ferritin levels and deferasirox dosage, on one hand, and both the superficial (p = 0.023 and p = 0.002, respectively) and deep FAZs (p = 0.015 and p = 0.045, respectively), on the other hand. A negative correlation was also found between the deferasirox dosage and the VDs of the superficial (p = 0.010) and deep (p = 0.001) foveal plexuses. Conclusion: Retinal VD and FAZ are affected in patients with TM. OCTA, which can noninvasively measure retinal VD in patients with TM, may be a useful tool for the early detection of retinal microvascular changes that may occur during the course of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to compare static and dynamic pupillary responses in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis with healthy adults. Methods: In this prospective study, adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis without any pathology in ophthalmologic examination and healthy adults of similar age and gender were included. Static and dynamic pupillary responses were measured using an automatic pupillometry device (MonPack One; Metrovision, Perenchies, France). Scotopic, mesopic, low photopic and high photopic pupil diameters were recorded from static pupillometry measurements. Among the dynamic pupillometry measurements, resting pupil diameter, pupil contraction amplitude, pupillary contraction latency, pupillary contraction time, pupillary contraction velocity, pupillary dilatation latency, pupil dilation time and pupillary dilation rate were recorded. Results: Thirty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of age and gender in the rheumatoid arthritis and control groups (Respectively; p=0.621, p=0.806). Scotopic pupil diameter, one of the static pupillary responses, was significantly higher in the rheumatoid arthritis group than in the control group (p=0.02). There was no statistically significant difference between the rheumatoid arthritis group and the control group between pupil diameters in mesopic, low-photopic and high-photopic environments. From dynamic pupillometry measurements, the resting diameter of the pupil was statistically significantly larger in the rheumatoid arthritis group (p<0.005), while the pupillary contraction latency was found to be prolonged (p<0.005). There was no significant difference in other dynamic pupillometry measurements. Conclusion: In adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the scotopic pupil diameter was found to be significantly higher, the pupil resting diameter was wider, and the pupillary contraction latency was prolonged compared to the control group. Findings may be related to possible autonomic dysfunction that may develop in rheumatoid arthritis. For this purpose, automatic pupillometry can be considered as an easily applicable, noninvasive screening option for early diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in order to reduce the mortality and morbidity rates attributed to this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to determine whether there are retinal microvascular changes in patients with celiac disease (CD). A total of 30 patients with CD (group 1) and 30 healthy controls (group 2) were included in this study. AngioVue optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) device was used to evaluate the retinal microvascular structure. Some of the values of both optic nerve head (ONH) vessel density (VD) and radial peripapillary capillary VDs were found to be significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. These 2 groups were similar except for one of the parameters of superficial capillary plexus VD (SCP-VD), whereas it was found that deep capillary plexus VD (DCP-VD) was lower in group 1 than in group 2 except for the foveal area. It was determined that some VDs obtained from the ONH and DCP-VD obtained from most areas of the macular region were significantly lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of MN Opthalmology / MN Oftalmoloji is the property of Medical Network and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Ocular microvascular networks and variables were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who had no pathological findings in their routine ophthalmologic examinations. Methods: The study included 31 patients with a diagnosis of MM and 30 healthy controls. The ophthalmologic examination findings and OCTA measurements of the participants were prospectively analyzed. We evaluated the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vessel density (VD) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) VD in macular region, radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) VD, optic nerve head (ONH) VD and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. Results: The samples were gender-balanced, and there were no significant differences in age or gender between the MM and control groups. From the OCTA, all the ONH-VD measurements, except for the peripapillary and superotemporal parameters, were found to be significantly lower in MM patients than in the control group; the same was found for the whole image, inferonasal, superonasal, and superotemporal RPC-VD values; for all the SCP-VD values, except for the inferior hemi and temporal; and for all the DCP-VD values. It was also observed that the deep FAZ area was wider in the MM group than in the control group. Conclusions: We detected decreased VD in deep and superficial macular retinal areas, papillary, peripapillary regions, suggesting decreased blood flow and possible ischemia in MM patients. Therefore, obtaining information on ischemia by using a noninvasive and easily measurable method such as OCTA, may be beneficial in terms of follow-up and treatment but this needs to be supported by further, larger studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine whether the dopamine agonist (DA) drug cabergoline used in the treatment of prolactinoma causes autonomic dysfunction by measuring static and dynamic pupillary responses. The study included 25 eyes from 25 patients who were receiving DA for the treatment of prolactinoma and 25 eyes from 25 healthy individuals. Static and dynamic pupillary responses were measured by automatic quantitative pupillometry. The scotopic pupillary diameter was found to be significantly higher in patients receiving DA medication compared with the control group, while pupil contraction time and pupillary dilatation latency were significantly lower. DA drug use changes static and dynamic pupillary responses, probably by increasing sympathetic tone. Pupillometry can be used as a non-invasive method to provide information about changes in the autonomic nervous system in patients receiving such drug therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with unilateral low vision. Multimodal imaging that includes optical coherence tomography angiography should provide sufficient information for diagnosis. Purpose: To report a case of the clinical manifestation of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy in a child patient. Methods: Case report. Results: An 11-year-old male patient complaining of visual impairment in the left eye that had persisted for 3 weeks was admitted to the Dicle University Ophthalmology Clinic. Fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced depth imaging OCT, fundus autofluorescence, and fundus fluorescence angiography examinations were conducted. During the fundus examination, a yellowish gray area of swelling with yellowish granules spanning approximately half the diameter of the disk was found on the left macula. Optical coherence tomography revealed serous detachment and hyperreflective debris, OCT angiography showed hyperreflective spots on the outer retina, enhanced depth imaging OCT revealed an increase in choroidal thickness, fundus autofluorescence showed hyperreflective spots, and fundus fluorescence angiography revealed late-phase hyperfluorescence accumulation. Acute idiopathic maculopathy was diagnosed from these findings. Conclusion: Acute idiopathic maculopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with a complaint of unilateral low vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to identify an easy-to-apply biomarker by correlating visual evoked potential (VEP) with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) results in multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods: Our study was planned prospectively. Patients with MS were divided into two groups, VEP prolonged group 1 and VEP normal group 2. Age-matched and gender-matched healthy individuals (group 3) were included as the control group. Vascular density (VD) of the optic nerve head (ONH) and radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) were measured and recorded by OCTA. The optic nerve damage of patients was measured and recorded with a VEP device.Results: Thirty-two eyes were included in group 1, 50 eyes were included in group 2, and 51 healthy eyes were included in group 3. In terms of visual acuity, group 1 was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.001). Regardless of the prolongation of p100 latency in patients with MS, whole image, inside disc ONH VD and in the same sectors in RPC VD were found to be significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was found to be significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 and group 3 (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between low ONH VD and RPC VD and prolonged VEP P100 (P < 0.05).Conclusion: VEP measurements can be correlated with OCTA measurements in patients with MS and can be used as a biomarker to determine the degree of optic nerve damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to analyze blood inflammation parameters in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients were divided into three groups: wet-type AMD (n = 60), dry-type AMD (n = 60), and healthy controls (n = 71). The laboratory and demographic data of the patients were analyzed. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated manually. Results: The mean NLR was 2.26 ± 1.42 in the dry-type AMD group, 3.90 ± 1.65 in the wet-type AMD group, and 1.84 ± 0.61 in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean MLR was 0.30 ± 0.20 in the dry-type AMD group, 0.47 ± 0.31 in the wet-type AMD group, and 0.28 ± 0.14 in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean PLR was 129.31 ± 79.82 in the dry-type AMD group, 156.67 ± 83.99 in the wet-type AMD group, and 135.59 ± 58.68 in the control group (p = 0.101). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for NLR and MLR was 0.920 and 0.717, respectively, for wet-type AMD. The sensitivity and specificity of NLR for wet-type AMD were 64% and 93%, respectively, whereas MLR was 63% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: Simple blood tests revealed that NLR and MLR were significantly higher in patients with wet-type AMD than in patients with dry-type AMD and healthy controls, which implies low-grade inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, we present a case of diabetic papillopathy that resolved after a single dose of intravitreal ranibizumab injection. A 50-year-old male presented with painless visual loss in his right eye. His visual acuity was 1/10 in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination of both eyes was unremarkable. Posterior segment of the right eye showed nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with a swollen optic disc. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed. There was dye leakage from the right optic disc. Optical coherence tomography revealed a significant increase in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbit were normal. The patient received a single intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5 mg) injection. Two weeks after the injection, there was a marked regression of the disc swelling. Three months after the injection the optic disc was pallor and visual acuity was 6/10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of refractive errors and other eye diseases, incidence and types of amblyopia in school-aged children, and their relation to gender, age, parental education, and socioeconomic factors. Methods: A total of 21,062 children 6 to 14 years old were screened. The examination included visual acuity measurements and ocular motility evaluation. Autorefraction under cycloplegia and examination of the external eye, anterior segment, media, and fundus were performed. Results: There were 11,118 females and 9,944 males. The average age was 10.56 ± 3.59 years. When all of the children were evaluated, 3.2% had myopia and 5.9% had hyperopia. Astigmatism 0.50 D or greater was present in 14.3% of children. Myopia was associated with older age, female gender, and higher parental education. Hyperopia was inversely proportional with older age. Spectacles were needed in 4,476 (22.7%) children with refractive errors, and 10.6% of children were unaware of their spectacle needs. Amblyopia was detected in 2.6% of all children. The most common causes of amblyopia were anisometropia (1.2%) and strabismus (0.9%). Conclusion: Visual impairment is a common disorder in school-aged children. Eye health screening programs are beneficial in early detection and proper treatment of refractive errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the severity of retinopathy in premature infants and risk factors in the mother and infant. Methods: The medical records of the infants who were followed up at Dicle University Faculty of Medicine due to retinopathy of premature (ROP) between June 2017 and October 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Birth age, birth weight, accompanying comorbid diseases during the follow-up period, and pregnancy problems of the mother were recorded. Those who were followed up without treatment (group 1) and those who received intravitreal bevacizumab treatment (group 2) were compared. Results: One hundred sixty seven premature infants were included in the study. Ninety nine of them (60%) had ROP that did not require treatment (group 1), 68 (40%) were administered intravitreal bevacizumab (group 2). While the gestational age and birth weight of group 2 were significantly lower than group 1 (p <0.001 and p <0.001), no difference was found in terms of gender distributions (p = 0.387). Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) was significantly more common in premature infants who received intravitreal treatment (p = 0.010). Birth weight was found to be a significant independent risk factor in logistic regression analysis (p = 0.048; 95% CI, 0.993-1.00). The rates of twin to twin transfusion, Rh incompatibility, chorioamnionitis, and premature rupture of membranes were similar in the two groups (p> 0.05). Discussion: Low birth weight is a significant independent risk factor in infants with retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment. Large-scale, multi-center studies are needed to better reveal the effect of risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, carotenoid extraction was performed by conventional and ultrasound-assisted method (UAE) from wastes obtained from a tomato processing plant. Ethyl acetate was used as the solvent and parameters were optimized by the response surface methodology (Box-Benhken design). The temperature was kept constant and ultrasonic power (30-60-90 W), solid:solvent ratio (1:10, 1:30, 1:50 g/mL) and time (5-20-35 min) were studied. In addition, in the conventional method, the tomato peel:solvent ratio was 1:30 g/mL and the extraction process was carried out at 75oC for 120 min. The highest lycopene (197.12 mg/kg) and β-carotene (12.95 mg/kg) amounts were obtained at solid:solvent ratio of 1:50 g/mL, extraction time of 35 min, and ultrasonic power of 60 W. The amount of lycopene and β-carotene was 21.4% less and 11.0% more in UAE, respectively. The fit model for lycopene was quadratic-polynomial, while the linear model was found to be suitable for βcarotene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To reveal the epidemiology and demographics of open globe injury in children. Methods: In the study, the medical files of 185 patients aged 15 years and younger who applied to the Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Ophthalmology clinic between April 2017 and April 2019 with open globe injury were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified according to age, gender, etiology of trauma, location of trauma, and time of trauma and recorded. Results: A total of 185 eyes of 185 children were included in this study. Of the 185 children, 111 (60%) were boys and 74 (40%) were girls. The mean age of the 185 patients was 7.26 ± 3.80 years. Patients applied to our hospital 1-36 hours after the İnjury. 101 (54.5%) of the injuries were in the right eye and 84 (45.5%) in the left Regarding the localization of injuries, there were 131 (70.8%) corneal, 32 (17.3%) corneoscleral, 9 (4.9%) limbal, and 13 (7%) scleral cases. These injuries were most commonly caused by 92 (49.7%) metallic objects, 22 (11.9%) glass, and 17 (9.2%) wood pieces. Regarding the time of injury, 43 (23.2%) injuries occurred during 1-3 months, 59 (31.8%) occurred during 4-6 months, 50 (27.1%) occurred during 7-9 months, and 33 (17.9%) occurred during 10-12 months. The places where the injuries occurred were 102 (55.1%) houses, 68 (36.8%) outdoors, and 15 (8.1%) schools. Conclusions: Open globe injuries in children were most common in boys, in the age group of 1-5 years, in the right eye, and in the cornea as localization. It was observed that these injuries were mostly caused by metal objects in the 4th to 6th months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to analyze the effect of intravitreal injection (IVI) on oculocardiac reflex (OCR) development and blood pressure changes in patients with age-type senile macular degeneration (SMD) in our clinic. Methods: The records of 55 patients who underwent IVI at X Clinic between April 2018 and September 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data of the patients were examined and recorded. Cystolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and rhythm changes were recorded before and during the injection. Results: We dedected that 30 (54.5%) of 55 patients were male and 25 (45.5%) were female. The mean age was 66.67 ± 7.39 (40-91) years. Heart rate decreased by 20% in 4 patients (7.3%), while heart rate decreased by 10% in 11 patients (20.0%). Supraventicular tachycardia was observed in 2 (3.6%) patients. Mean systolic blood pressure increased from 129 mmHg to 133 mmHg, while mean diastolic blood pressure increased from 76 mmHg to 79 mmHg. Due to IVE, in 5 (9%) of our patients, systolic blood pressure was 180 mmHg or more, and in 4 patients (7.2%) diastolic blood pressure was 110 mmHg or more. Average heart rate was reduced from 85 to 84. Conclusions: We detected mean decrease in heart rate and an increase in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. IVI procedure may be associated with transient increase in blood pressure or may cause OCR development. These changes may be a risk factor for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular complications during treatment and may be particularly important in high-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to show whether a difference exists between retinal and choroidal microcirculation findings between patients with familial Mediterranean fever and healthy controls., Methods: Thirty-two patients with familial Mediterranean fever and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure measurement. The AngioVue optical coherence tomography angiography device (Optovue, Fremont, CA) with split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography was used to evaluate and examine the retinal microvascular structure. Three-dimensional en face Optical coherence tomography angiography images were obtained by examining the macula using the 3 x 3 mm scanning protocol in the Angio Retina mode and the optic nerve using the 3 x 3 mm scanning protocol in the Angio Disk mode. All the patients' right eyes were examined., Results: A total of 62 subjects were included in the study, of whom 32 (53.3%) were female and 30 (46.7%) were male. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of optic nerve head or radial peripapillary capillary vessel density. On examination, the superficial capillary plexuses were statistically similar between the two groups, but the deep capillary plexus vessel density in the parafovea, superior hemi, temporal, and superior areas were significantly lower in the patients with familial Mediterranean fever., Conclusions: We found that the capillary plexus vessel density was significantly lower in the parafovea, superior hemi, temporal, and superior regions in the patients with familial Mediterranean fever than in the control group. Therefore, OCTA, a noninvasive study, may be useful for understanding the systemic effects of familial Mediterranean fever.