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Atlantic halibut eggs were fertilized in a mixture of milt from two fish to observe changes in phospholipase A(sub 2) activity in the early development of the fish. Fatty acid, amino acid content and lipid levels were measured in each stage of growth. Phospolipase A(sub 2) was assayed in halibut eggs and in rat liver, lake trout liver and lumpfish eggs for comparison. Halibut embryos showed no activity after homogenates were thawed in contrast to rat liver homogenates which showed complete recovery of activity following thawing. This proves that halibut embryos' enzyme is more labile compared to PLA(sub 2)(s) from rat liver.

Examines the colonial subject of the exile poetry of Ovid. Relationship of the poetry with the Augustan regime; Arguments of the scholars for a pro or anti-Augustan Ovid; Analogy between the books 'Tristia' and 'Epistulae ex Ponto,' by Thomas N. Habinek.

This paper is a brief review of thermally induced covalent modifications to proteins in foods, focussing mainly on the advanced glycation end-products (AGE) of the Maillard reaction. Most foods are subjected to thermal processing, either in the home or during their production/manufacture. Thermal processing provides many beneficial effects, but also brings about major changes in allergenicity. Far from being a general way to decrease allergenic risk, thermal processing is as likely to increase allergenicity as to reduce it, through the introduction of neoantigens. These changes are highly complex and not easily predictable, but there are a number of major chemical pathways that lead to distinct patterns of modification. Perhaps the most important of these is through the reaction of protein amino groups with sugars, leading to an impressive cocktail of AGE-modified protein derivatives. These are antigenic and many of the important neoantigens found in cooked or stored foods are probably such Maillard reaction products. A deeper understanding of thermally induced chemical changes is essential for more advanced risk assessments, more effective QC protocols, production of more relevant diagnostic allergen extracts and the development of novel protein engineering and therapeutic approaches to minimise allergenic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the characterization of politics in the poem `Amores,' by Ovid. Changes in the definition of political poetry; Debate over Ovid and Augustan politics; Influence of reader's ideology on the interpretation of poem; Representation of the Augustan religious program; Identification of the poem as political and elegiac poetry.

The serological and secretory immune responses of the chicken to infection with Eimeria tenella were evaluated in terms of various anti-coccidial activities. Serological responses were detected in the forms of precipitating, sporozoite neutralizing, anti-merozoite and anti-schizont antibodies. Similarly, antischizont and sporozoite neutralizing activities were found in caecal contents (containing mainly IgA) from infected birds and these also had the capacity to damage second generation merozoites. Moreover, the functional importance of IgA could be implied from the substantial predominance of IgA synthesizing cells in the intestinal immunocyte response as revealed by immunohistology. This was reflected in the immunoglobulin profile of caecal contents, for primary and secondary infection resulted in elevated levels of IgA whilst IgG and IgM generally remained extremely low or were usually undetectable. Taken with the well established lack of correlation between serum antibody and protection, these results suggest that the intestinal secretory IgA system plays an essential role in the protective immune response to E. tenella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the development of phospholipase A2 in fish during the early stages of life, while referencing methods used to regulate membrane lipids. Details on methods used to analyze lipids in the rat; Findings of studies conducted; Reference to the importance of lipids in eggs during the early stages of life.

Tests the virulence of Marek's disease virus (MDV) strains isolated from Marek's disease outbreaks in Germany and Spain. Conditions of SPF White Leghorn chickens after challenge with MDV isolates; Microscopical lesions of the birds; Incidence of early mortality due to cytolytic MD amongst the chickens.

Growth hormone (GH) secretion, evoked by either pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) or dopamine (DA), is dependent on both voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) and cAMP signaling in goldfish. We further characterized the involvement of Ca2+ in evoked release by PACAP and DA, by examining the sensitivity of evoked GH release to perturbations of Ca2+ signaling. Both VSCC and calmodulin/calmodulin-dependent kinase are involved in PACAP signaling as had been shown for DA. In spite of this apparent dependence on VSCC, blockade of TMB-8 but not ryanodine-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores inhibited both PACAP- and DA-evoked GH release. Using sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPases (SERCA) inhibitors, we found BHQ blocked, whereas thapsigargin (Tg) enhanced stimulated GH release, suggesting that Tg-sensitive SERCA may counteract these cAMP-mobilizing neuroendocrine regulators by sequestering [Ca2+]i. As GH secretion stimulated by two endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormones is not affected by Tg, it appears that distinct multiple Ca2+ stores mediate the hormone releasing response to different neuroendocrine regulators. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]