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Introduction. Oroantral communication (OAC) closure may be accompanied by hard and soft tissue defects. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is the second-generation platelet concentrate that can be an effective therapeutic option for the closure of defects up to 5 mm in diameter. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether PRF could be a viable therapeutic option for OAC closure and provide sufficient bone quality/quantity for the forthcoming implant placement. Outlines of cases. The case series included eight patients treated with PRF due to the presence of OAC less than 3 mm in diameter. Three months after the surgery, at the time of implant placement, bone samples were harvested and taken for histological analysis. The results demonstrated success in all eight cases, obtaining both hard and soft tissue healing. Histological analysis showed that newly formed bone was present on all histological samples, without visible signs of inflammation and necrosis. Conclusion. PRF could be a viable therapeutic option for OAC closure in specific clinical cases, but future randomized, controlled, clinical studies are required for more conclusive results.

Background/Aim. The materials used nowadays for bone replacement do not fully meet the requirements for complete regeneration, which is why new ones are being tested. Despite numerous attempts to improve bone tissue regeneration, no fulfilling material has been found yet. This study investigated the influence of poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as coatings for hydroxyapatite (HAP) bone carriers on bone tissue regenerative potential in rabbits’ calvarial defect. Methods. Calvarial defects measuring 6 mm in diameter were made in 19 skeletally mature rabbits. Defects were filled with one of the following materials: PLGA coated HAP (HAP + PLGA), PEI coated HAP (HAP + PEI), and bovine HAP – Bio-Oss® (positive control). Unfilled defects represented negative control. Histological analysis was performed in order to determine the inflammatory response of the host tissue. The formation of the new bone was evaluated using histomorphometric analysis. All analyses have been conducted in samples obtained 3, 6, and 9 weeks after implantation. Results. Three weeks post-implantation, a trend toward increased healing in the HAP + PLGA group compared to other investigated materials was noticed, with no statistically significant difference between the study groups (p > 0.05). However, after 6 and 9 weeks, significant healing was observed in favor of the HAP coated with PLGA compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Within this group, greater bone healing was observed compared to the HAP + PEI and Bio-Oss® groups. Conclusion. PLGA demonstrated greater coating potential compared to PEI with respect to osteogenesis improvement in bone reconstructive surgery.

Background/Aim. In dentistry, the concept of using inert materials for tissue repair has been replaced by the strategy to find bioactive materials which positively interact with human tissues. The aim of this study was to characterize the physicochemical properties of the commercially available calcium silicate and calcium carbonate-based dental cement, biodentine (Septodont, France). Methods. Material elucidation included the measurements of radiopacity, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray dispersive analyses, wettability, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, microindentation, micro- to nanoporosity, setting time, pH and calcium ion release. The cells (mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells – BMSCs) were grown on biodentine surface in order to evaluate its behaviour under biological conditions. Results. The radiopacity of the cement (2.8 mmAl) was below ISO requirement for a root canal filling material. The cement was composed of fine powder with particles similar in size and shape, changing from oval to cubic after having been soaked in a simulated body fluid. Biodentine demonstrated good micromechanical properties and low porosity attributed to microporosity with the average pore size of 92 μm. Wettability (contact angle = 41°), calcium ion release (0.098 μg/cm²) and pH of storage solution (9.07) showed satisfactory characteristics. The BMSCa in intimate contact with cement particles remained viable, indicating biodentine good biocompatibility. Conclusion. Biodentine exhibits good mechanical and physicochemical characteristics, but possesses insufficient radiopacity.

Dental cement materials have been developed with the aim to replace hard dental tissues. The first material used for pulp capping, root canal obturation, bifurcation perforation and apexification is calcium hydroxide (in 1920). A half century later, glass-ionomer cements began to suppress it as dentine substitutes. Finally, in the 1990s, calcium silicate (CS) material appeared in the dental research community as the most promising dentine substitute capable to adequately meet all clinical requirements. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of literature related to studies about CS materials taking into account their physical, chemical and biological properties and clinical applications. This review aims to discuss beneficial and adverse characteristics of CSs concerning interactions to the hard dentine and soft pulp/periodontal tissues. This review article deals with the literature data about currently commercially available CS concerning laboratory and clinical findings. 109 scientific articles were analyzed of which 62 references reported in vitro and 26 in vivo investigations while 21 references comprised reports, reviews and books dealing with both, in vitro and in vivo investigations. Although further data collection is necessary, CSs are promising materials that represent a gold standard for numerous dental clinical procedures. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 172026 and Grant no. III 45005]

Introduction Direct pulp capping is an important therapeutic method that has goal to provide formation of dentin bridge and healing process of the pulp. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of new nanostructural materials based on calcium silicate systems and hydroxyapatite on exposed dental pulp in Vietnamese pigs. Material and Methods The study was conducted on 30 teeth of two Vietnamese pigs (Sus scrofa verus). On buccal surfaces of incisors, canines and first premolars, class V cavities were prepared with a small round bur and pulp horn was exposed. In the first experimental group (10 teeth) the perforation was covered with new nanostructural material based on calcium silicate systems (CS). In the second experimental group, the perforation was covered with compound of calcium silicate systems and hydroxyapatite (HA-CS) (10 teeth). In the control group, exposed pulp was covered with Pro Root MTA® (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA) (10 teeth). All cavities were restored with glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Observation period was 28 days. After sacrificing the animals, histological preparations were done to analyze the presence of dentin bridge, inflammatory reaction of the pulp, pulp tissue reorganization and the presence of bacteria. Results Dentin bridge was observed in all teeth (experimental and control groups). Inflammation of the pulp was mild to moderate in all groups. Neoangiogenesis and many odontoblast like cells responsible for dentin bridge formation were detected. Necrosis was not observed in any case, neither the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the pulp. Conclusion Histological analysis indicated favorable therapeutic effects of new nanostructural materials based on calcium silicate systems and hydroxyapatite for direct pulp capping in teeth of Vietnamese pigs.

Introduction. Direct pulp capping procedure is a therapeutic application of a drug on exposed tooth pulp in order to ensure the closure of the pulp chamber and to allow the healing process to take place. Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the histological effects of Emdogain® on exposed tooth pulp of a Vietnamese pig (Sus scrofa verus). Methods. The study comprised 20 teeth of a Vietnamese pig. After class V preparation on the buccal surfaces of incisors, canines and first premolars, pulp was exposed. In the experimental group, the perforations were capped with Emdogain® (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), while in the control group pulp capping was performed with MTA® (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA). All cavities were restored with glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The observational period was 28 days, after which the animal was sacrificed and histological preparations were made. A light microscope was used to analyze dentin bridge formation, tissue reorganization and inflammation, and the presence of bacteria in the pulp. Results. The formation of dentin bridge was observed in the experimental and control groups. Inflammation of the pulp was mild to moderate in both groups. Angiogenesis and many odontoblast-like cells, responsible for dentin bridge formation, were observed. Necrosis was not observed in any case, nor were bacteria present in the pulp. Conclusion. Histological analysis indicated a favorable therapeutic effect of Emdogain® Gel in direct pulp capping of Vietnamese pigs. Pulp reaction was similar to that of MTA®. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. ON172026]

Introduction. Direct pulp capping is therapeutic method of applying medication on exposed pulp in order to allow bridge formation and healing process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Biodentine on exposed dental pulp of Vietnamese pigs. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 20 teeth of Vietnamese pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus). On buccal surfaces of incisors, canines and first premolars, class V cavities were prepared and pulp was exposed. In the experimental group (six incisors, two canines and two premolars) the perforation was covered with Biodentine® (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, France). In the control group, the perforation was covered with MTA® (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA). All cavities were restored with glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Observation period was 28 days. After sacrificing the animals, histological preparations were done to analyze the presence of dentin bridge, an inflammatory reaction of the pulp, pulp tissue reorganization and the presence of bacteria. Results. Dentin bridge was observed in all teeth (experimental and control groups). Inflammation of the pulp was mild to moderate in both groups. Neoangiogenesis and many odontoblast like cells responsible for dentin bridge formation were detected. Necrosis was not observed in any case, neither the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the pulp. Conclusion. Histological analysis indicated favorable therapeutic effects of Biodentine for direct pulp capping in teeth of Vietnamese pigs. Findings were similar with Biodentine and MTA.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Biodentine® and two new nanostructured materials based on active silicate cements on exposed tooth pulp of Vietnamese pigs. The study comprised 40 teeth in two Vietnamese pigs (24 months old). After class V cavity preparation, the pulp on each tooth was exposed using a small round bur. The following materials were applied on pulp exposures: Biodentine® (10 teeth), ALBO MPCA-I (10 teeth), and ALBO MPCA-II (10 teeth). In the control group, exposed pulp was covered with ProRoot MTA® (10 teeth). After the observation period of 28 days, the animals were sacrificed and the teeth prepared for histological analysis. Light microscope was used for the analysis of dentin bridge formation, tissue reorganization and inflammation, and the presence of bacteria in the pulp. In the group of Biodentine®, a complete dentin bridge was noted in 3 cases, while incomplete dentin bridge in the form of dental islets was detected in 4 cases. Nanostructured material ALBO-MPCA I provided complete dentin bridge formation in 5 teeth, in 3 teeth the formed dentin bridge was incomplete. ALBO MPCA-II showed complete closure of the pulp opening by dentin bridge in 4 samples, while in the same number of teeth it was incomplete. In the control group, 4 teeth showed a complete dentin bridge, whereas in 6 teeth it was incomplete. Histological analysis indicated favourable therapeutic effects of Biodentine® and the two materials ALBO-MPCA I and ALBO-MPCA II after teeth pulp capping in Vietnamese pigs. Pulp reaction was similar to that caused by ProRoot MTA®. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. ON172026]

Biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) are widely used in alveolar ridge regeneration as a porous scaffold for new bone formation. The aim of this case series was to evaluate the regenerative effect of the combination of BCP and polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) which can serve as a barrier membrane during bone regeneration. The study included five patients. Four months into the healing period, bone samples were collected for histological and morphometric analyses. The results of morphometric analysis showed that newly formed bone represented 32.2 ± 6.8% of the tissue, 31.9 ± 8.9% was occupied by residual graft and 35.9 ± 13.5% by soft tissue. Active osteogenesis was seen around the particles of the graft. The particles were occupied mostly by immature woven bone and connective tissue. The quality and quantity of newly formed bone, after the use of BCP/PLGA for ridge preservation, can be adequate for successful implant therapy after tooth extraction. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. OI 175021 i br. OI 173009]

Background/Aim. It has been demonstrated that lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes represent the predominant cells of the inflammatory lesion of the dental granulomas. Other cells, such as mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells comprise minor, but functionally important cell populations. Most of the data considering cells that take part in these processes have been derived from immunohistological studies. This study was undertaken with the aim to determine the phenotype profile of inflammatory cells of dental granulomas using immunohistochemical method in order to study the differences of their quantitative properties and distribution between symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions. Methods. The material for the analysis originated from 42 individuals with clinic and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periapical lesions. The tissue was take either during the periradicular surgery, or tooth extraction. Cryostat tissue sections were stained using the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase assay (APAAP). This method is highly valid and sensitive using a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD38, CD14, CD1a, CD83, CD80, CD86, CD45 and CD123. Results. The composition of the cell population revealed that there was no homogenous and site-specific pattern of the distribution of inflammatory cells. The results of our investigation revealed that the majority of inflammatory cells comprised lymphocytes and plasma cells, followed by subpopulations CD4+, CD8+ and CD14+ cells. Much lower in number were CD80+, CD86+ and CD83+ and CD1a+ cells. There were no statistically significant differences in mean values of inflammatory cells number between symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions, with the exception of CD86+ cells, the number of which was statistically higher in symptomatic lesions. Conclusion. Inflammatory infiltrate cells in dental granulomas are dominated by T- and Blymphocytes. It points out the complexity of immunopathogenic events in imitiating and progressing of dental granulomas that involve mechanisms of both cellular and humoral immunity. Regarding the quantitative presence of immunocompetent cells in symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions no statistically significant difference was determined unless in mature dendritic cells present in symptomatic lesions.

Background/Aim. There are very few data about the effects of endogenous growth factors in vital pulp therapy, and still they are often controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in conjugation with hydroxyapatite (HAP), as pulp capping materials, to root and periodontium formation. Methods. Eight young monkeys (Cercopithecus Aethiops) with permanent dentition and incomplete root formation were involved in this study. After pulpotomy, the pulp lesion was capped with calcium hydroxide (control), hydroxyapatite (experimental group I) or hydroxyapatite in conjugation with PRP (experimental group II). Six months later, the animals were sacrificed, the tissue was removed en block, and prepared for the histological analysis in a routine way. Results. The results of the histological analysis revealed that healing process was characterised by dentin bridge formation, maintained morphological and functional integrity of dental pulp and complete formation of dental root and surrounding periodontium. The inflammatory reaction was scored as mild to moderate, in almost all the samples in all groups, suggesting the biocompatibility of the used materials. Conclusion. Materials used in this study are convenient as capping agents, contributing maintaining the integrity of the pulp tissue and facilitating root and periodontium formation. According to histological data it could be suggested that hydroxyapatite in conjugation with endogenous growth factors, represents superior alternative to other materials used in this study.

Background. Different materials are used to prevent the resorption of alveolar bone. The aim of this report was to show the radiographical and histological results prior to implant insertion, when a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (BioOss) and calcium-sulphate were placed into the extraction socket immediately after the tooth removal. Case report. A 22-year-old woman was scheduled for the removal of the second lower molar when the extraction socket was filled with BioOss covered with calcium-sulphate as a resorbable membrane. Primary closure of the surgical site was performed. Radiography was done 4 and 12 months later. One year after the surgery, when the implant was inserted, a biopsy of the new regenerated bone was obtained for the histological evaluation. The lamellar bone was evident using both materials. The resorption of BioOss was slow and the connective tissue was observed. Conclusion. Both materials had biocompatible and oseoconductive properties. One year after the grafting procedure, we observed the lamellar bone and partial resorption of BioOss, while calciumsulphate showed no significant effect as a resorbable membrane.

In regenerative bone tissue medicine, combining artificial bone substitutes with progenitor cells is a prospective approach. Surface modification via cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) enhances biomaterial–cell interactions, which are crucial for successful bone regeneration. Using a rabbit calvarial critical-size defect model, we assessed the use of CAP-pretreated beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), alone or with periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), for bone regeneration. Histological and histomorphometric analyses at two and four weeks revealed significantly improved bone regeneration and reduced inflammation in the CAP-treated β-TCP with PDLSCs compared to β-TCP alone. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed an increase in the bone healing markers, including bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4, runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen-1, and osteonectin, after two and four weeks in the CAP-treated β-TCP implants with PDLSC. This in vivo study demonstrates for the first time the superior bone regenerative capacity of CAP-pretreated β-TCP seeded with PDLSCs, highlighting the therapeutic potential of this combined approach in osteoregeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Direct pulp capping is an important therapeutic method that has goal to provide formation of dentin bridge and healing process of the pulp. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of new nanostructural materials based on calcium silicate systems and hydroxyapatite on exposed dental pulp in Vietnamese pigs. Material and Methods The study was conducted on 30 teeth of two Vietnamese pigs ( Sus scrofa verus). On buccal surfaces of incisors, canines and first premolars, class V cavities were prepared with a small round bur and pulp horn was exposed. In the first experimental group (10 teeth) the perforation was covered with new nanostructural material based on calcium silicate systems (CS). In the second experimental group, the perforation was covered with compound of calcium silicate systems and hydroxyapatite (HA-CS) (10 teeth). In the control group, exposed pulp was covered with Pro Root MTA® (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA) (10 teeth). All cavities were restored with glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Observation period was 28 days. After sacrificing the animals, histological preparations were done to analyze the presence of dentin bridge, inflammatory reaction of the pulp, pulp tissue reorganization and the presence of bacteria. Results Dentin bridge was observed in all teeth (experimental and control groups). Inflammation of the pulp was mild to moderate in all groups. Neoangiogenesis and many odontoblast like cells responsible for dentin bridge formation were detected. Necrosis was not observed in any case, neither the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the pulp. Conclusion Histological analysis indicated favorable therapeutic effects of new nanostructural materials based on calcium silicate systems and hydroxyapatite for direct pulp capping in teeth of Vietnamese pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are very few data about the effects of endogenous growth factors in vital pulp therapy, and still they are often controversial. This study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in conjugation with hydroxyapatite (HAP), as pulp capping materials, on root and periodontium formation. Eight young monkeys (Cercopithecus Aethiops) with permanent dentition and incomplete root formation were involved in this study. After pulpotomy, the pulp lesion was capped with calcium hydroxide (control), HAP (experimental) or HAP in conjugation with PRP (experimental). Six moths later, the animals were sacrificed, the tissue was removed en block, and prepared for histological analysis in a routine way. The results of histological analysis revealed that the healing process, characterized by dentin bridge formation, maintained morphological and functional integrity of dental pulp and complete formation of dental root and surrounding periodontium. The inflammatory reaction was scored as mild to moderate, in almost all samples in all groups, suggesting the biocompatibility of the used materials. Materials used in this study are convenient as capping agents, contributing in maintaining the integrity of the pulp tissue and facilitating root and periodontium formation. According to histological data it could be suggested that hydroxyapatite in conjugation with endogenous growth factors, represent a superior alternative to other materials used in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. It has been demonstrated that lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes represent the predominant cells of the inflammatory lesion of the dental granulomas. Other cells, such as mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells comprise minor, but functionally important cell populations. Most of the data considering cells that take part in these processes have been derived from immunohistological studies. This study was undertaken with the aim to determine the phenotype profile of inflammatory cells of dental granulomas using immunohistochemical method in order to study the differences of their quantitative properties and distribution between symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions. Methods. The material for the analysis originated from 42 individuals with clinic and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periapical lesions. The tissue was take either during the periradicular surgery, or tooth extraction. Cryostat tissue sections were stained using the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase assay (APAAP). This method is highly valid and sensitive using a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD38, CD14, CD1a, CD83, CD80, CD86, CD45 and CD123. Results. The composition of the cell population revealed that there was no homogenous and site-specific pattern of the distribution of inflammatory cells. The results of our investigation revealed that the majority of inflammatory cells comprised lymphocytes and plasma cells, followed by subpopulations CD4+, CD8+ and CD14+ cells. Much lower in number were CD80+, CD86+ and CD83+ and CD1a+ cells. There were no statistically significant differences in mean values of inflammatory cells number between symtomatic and asymptomatic lesions, with the exception of CD86+ cells, the number of which was statistically higher in symptomatic lesions. Conclusion. Inflammatory infiltrate cells in dental granulomas are dominated by T- and Blymphocytes. It points out the complexity of immunopathogenic events in initiating and progressing of dental granulomas that involve mechanisms of both cellular and humoral immunity. Regarding the quantitative presence of immunocompetent cells in symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions no statistically significant difference was determined unless in mature dendritic cells present in symptomatic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. There are very few data about the effects of endogenous growth factors in vital pulp therapy, and still they are often controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in conjugation with hydroxyapatite (HAP), as pulp capping materials, to root and periodontium formation. Methods. Eight young monkeys (Cercopithecus Aethiops) with permanent dentition and incomplete root formation were involved in this study. After pulpotomy, the pulp lesion was capped with calcium hydroxide (control), hydroxyapatite (experimental group I) or hydroxyapatite in conjugation with PRP (experimental group II). Six months later, the animals were sacrificed, the tissue was removed en block, and prepared for the histological analysis in a routine way. Results. The results of the histological analysis revealed that healing process was characterised by dentin bridge formation, maintained morphological and functional integrity of dental pulp and complete formation of dental root and surrounding periodontium. The inflammatory reaction was scored as mild to moderate, in almost all the samples in all groups, suggesting the biocompatibility of the used materials. Conclusion. Materials used in this study are convenient as capping agents, contributing maintaining the integrity of the pulp tissue and facilitating root and periodontium formation. According to histological data it could be suggested that hydroxyapatite in conjugation with endogenous growth factors, represents superior alternative to other materials used in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Different materials are used to prevent the resorption of alveolar bone. The aim of this report was to show the radiographical and histological results prior to implant insertion, when a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (BioOss) and calcium-sulphate were placed into the extraction socket immediatelly after the tooth removal. Case report. A 22-year-old woman was scheduled for the removal of the second lower molar when the extraction socket was filled with BioOss covered with calcium-sulphate as a resorbable membrane. Primary closure of the surgical site was performed. Radiography was done 4 and 12 months later. One year after the surgery, when the implant was inserted, a biopsy of the new regenerated bone was obtained for the histological evaluation. The lamellar bone was evident using both materials. The resorption of BioOss was slow and the connective tissue was observed. Conclusion. Both materials had biocompatible and oseoconductive properties. One year after the grafting procedure, we observed the lamellar bone and partial resorption of BioOss, while calciumsulphate showed no significant effect as a resorbable membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue response induced by bioceramical materials (BCM) implanted in rat subcutaneous tissue. Thirty two rats were assigned to 6 groups, as following: control group i.e. not treated; dental ceramic (DC) implants; alfa tricalcium phosphate synthetised at 22 MPa (αTCP22) and at 45 MPa (αTCP45); hydroxyapatite synthetised at 22 MPa (HAP22) and at 45 MPa (HAP45). Contra lateral sides of all test animals represented the blank control surgically incisied at the paravertebral sockets. The experimental groups received subcutaneous implants of the test BCM materials. Samples were collected after 14 days and processed histologically. Inflammatory reactions were noted microscopically. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted of lymphocytes, polimorphonuclears, macrophages and mastocytes. At same time there were signs of increased fibrosis around the graft places. In conclusion, the implant sides compared with surgical incision wounds induced a foreign body-type granuloma with subsequent fibrosis around the grafts. The presence of a capsule at the interface with BCM in rat subcutis did not elicit any remarkable immune responses, thus being considered biocompatible. By evaluating different responses according to BCM, the most intense tissue reaction was noticed at HAP45, graded as severe, and mild to moderate for DC, HAP22 and alfa tricaltium phosphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the intensity of the subacute local biological effects after implantation and osseoconductive potential of novel hydroxyapatite-based bone substitute coated with poly (lactide-co-glycolide), named ALBO-OS, in comparison to Bio-Oss ® ., Methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats, randomly assigned into groups: 10, 20, and 30 days (n꞊5), were subcutaneously implanted with ALBO-OS and Bio-Oss ® . Furthermore, artificially made bone defects on both rat's tibias were implanted with experimental materials. Unimplanted defects represented negative control. After the animals' euthanizing, tissue samples were prepared and analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically., Results: Normal healing of the epithelial tissue was observed, with no signs of infection or necrosis. Minimal vascular congestion was noted immediately around the graft, with no signs of tissue oedema, with a minimal capsule thickness. The applied material did not cause an inflammatory response (IR) of significant intensity, and 20 days after implantation, the IR was mainly assessed as minimal. The tibial specimen showed that ALBO-OS has good osseoconductive potential, similar to Bio-Oss ® , as well as low levels of acute and subacute inflammation., Conclusions: The tested material exhibits satisfying biocompatibility, similar to Bio-Oss ® ., (© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.)

Introduction: Direct pulp capping procedure is a therapeutic application of a drug on exposed tooth pulp in order to ensure the closure of the pulp chamber and to allow the healing process to take place., Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the histological effects of Emdogain® on exposed tooth pulp of a Vietnamese pig (Sus scrofa verus)., Methods: The study comprised 20 teeth of a Vietnamese pig. After class V preparation on the buccal surfaces of incisors, canines and first premolars, pulp was exposed. In the experimental group, the perforations were capped with Emdogain® (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), while in the control group pulp capping was performed with MTA® (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA). All cavities were restored with glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The observational period was 28 days, after which the animal was sacrificed and histological preparations were made. A light microscope was used to analyze dentin bridge formation, tissue reorganization and inflammation, and the presence of bacteria in the pulp., Results: The formation of dentin bridge was observed in the experimental and control groups. Inflammation of the pulp was mild to moderate in both groups. Angiogenesis and many odontoblast-like cells, responsible for dentin bridge formation, were observed. Necrosis was not observed in any case, nor were bacteria present in the pulp., Conclusion: Histological analysis indicated a favorable therapeutic effect of Emdogain® Gel in direct pulp capping of Vietnamese pigs. Pulp reaction was similar to that of MTA®.