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Background: There are few studies that have evaluated the provision of compassionate care in Ethiopian contexts. One probable factor could be a lack of validated tools for assessing compassionate care in Ethiopia., Objective: To adapt the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool into the Amharic version and to assess its reliability and validity for application in obstetric services of the Ethiopian context., Method: Four hundred ten mothers who gave birth at the four referral hospitals in North West Amhara participated in this study. Using SPSS version 23.0 and SPSS Amos 26 and by applying principal axial factoring, the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool was assessed for structural reliability and validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency and reliability. Factor loadings, composite reliability, average variance extracted and square root of the average variance extracted were used to test convergent and discriminant validity., Results: Three factors with thirteen items were identified that explained 69.87% of the variation in the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool. Cronbach's alpha was 0.917. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all items had factor loadings more than 0.6, and the average variance extracted was greater than 0.5. Composite reliability values were above 0.7, and the square root of the average variance extracted for each element was greater than the correlation of each factor with other factors in the model., Conclusion: The three factors and the thirteen items of the tool have shown internal consistency in the exploratory factor analysis. The factor loadings and the average variance extracted confirmed the convergent validity of the tool, while composite reliability and the square root of the average variance extracted values confirmed discriminant validity. Thus, the Amharic version of the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool was found to have excellent internal consistency as well as adequate structural, convergent, and discriminant validity among obstetric service users in Ethiopia., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Importance: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning., Objective: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015., Evidence Review: Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results., Findings: In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523 000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined. Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent. Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (-6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), -10.6% to -1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant., Conclusion and Relevance: As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.