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Biotechnologies are being commercialized at historic rates. In 2020, 74 biotech startups went public through an initial public offering (IPO) and 60 went through the IPO process in the first six months of 2021. However, the traits associated with biotech startups obtaining recent IPOs have not been reported. In this study, we built a database of biotechs that underwent an IPO in the first half of 2021. After analyzing the leadership, technological focus, clinical trials, and financing of these biotech startups, we found that advanced degrees in leadership, clinical trials, and intellectual property were important factors for biotech startups. The data also suggested that large private rounds could decrease the time-to-IPO and affect post-IPO stock performance. In particular, these traits were often exhibited by the 108 biotech IPOs in 2018–2019, thereby suggesting that the data obtained for 2021 were not necessarily driven by COVID-19.

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com o objetivo de estudar a prevalência da tuberculose no Estado do Acre, no período de 1995 a 2001. Os dados foram levantados junto aos formulários do Programa de Controle da Tuberculose da Secretaria de Saúde e Saneamento. Os dados mostram que a incidência tem mantido uma média de 343,7 casos novos por ano. A forma pulmonar foi a mais encontrada, representando 90,0%. Dentre as faixas etárias destacam-se a de 20-49 anos, com 1347 (56,0%) e a de 60 e mais anos com 412 (17,0%). No período de 1998 a 2001 o sexo masculino foi o mais acometido pela doença onde o ano de 2000 representou 58,2% dos casos. A média da taxa de cura foi de 71,0% e o abandono do tratamento com 14,8% em 2001 e 32,3% em 1995. Para o óbito o menor percentual foi em 1995 (1,0%) e o maior em 1997 (7,0%). Para a ocorrência de co-infecção entre TB/AIDS e HIV/TB foram notificados cinco casos. A cobertura populacional do programa em todos os anos esteve dentro da faixa de 90%, sendo que dos 22 municípios 6 (27,3%) ainda não possuem nenhuma ação de controle da doença.Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con el objetivo de estudiar la prevalencia de la tuberculosis en el Estado de Acre, en el período de 1995 a 2001. Los datos se levantaron junto a los formularios del Programa de Control de la Tuberculosis da Secretaría de Salud y Saneamiento. Los datos muestran que la incidencia ha mantenido un promedio de 343,7 casos nuevos por año. La forma pulmonar fue la más encontrada, representando 90,0%. Entre las edades se destacan la de 20-49 años, con 1347 (56,0%) y la de 60 y más años con 412 (17,0%). En el período de 1998 a 2001 el sexo masculino fue el más acometido por la enfermedad donde el año de 2000 representó 58,2% de los casos. El promedio de la tasa de cura fue de 71,0% y el abandono del tratamiento con 14,8% en 2001 y 32,3% en 1995. Para el óbito el menor porcentual fue en 1995 (1,0%) y el mayor en 1997 (7,0%). Para los casos de coinfección entre TB/SIDA y VHI/TB se notificaron cinco casos. La cobertura poblacional del programa en todos los años estuvo dentro de la franja de 90%, y de los 22 municipios 6 (27,3%) todavía no poseen ninguna acción de control de la enfermedad.It is a descriptive study with the aim of studying the prevalence of tuberculosis in the State of Acre from 1995 to 2001. The data were collected from the forms of the Program for Tuberculosis Control of the Health and Sanitation Office. The data show that the incidence has been maintaining an average of 343.7 new cases a year. The pulmonary type was the most prevalent one, accounting for 90.0%. Among the age groups, the 20-49 age range, with 1,347 (56.0%) and the 60 and over-60 age range, with 412 (17.0%), stand out. From 1998 to 2001 the male sex was the most attacked one by the disease, when the year 2000 accounted for 58.2% of the cases. The average of the cure rate was 71.0% and abandonment of treatment was 14.8% in 2001 and 32.3% in 1995. The smallest percentage of death occurred in 1995 (1.0%) and the largest one in 1997 (7.0%). Five cases were notified for the occurrence of coinfection between TB/AIDS and HIV/TB. The program's population coverage was within 90% every year. From the 22 cities, 6 (27.3%) still do not have any action for controlling the disease.

Less than 20% of the protein coding genome is thought to be targetable using small molecules. mRNA therapies are not limited in the same way since in theory, they can silence or edit any gene by encoding CRISPR nucleases, or alternatively, produce any missing protein. Yet not all mRNA therapies are equally likely to succeed. Over the past several years, an increasing number of clinical trials with siRNA- and antisense oligonucleotide-based drugs have revealed three key concepts that will likely extend to mRNA therapies delivered by nonviral systems. First, scientists have come to understand that some genes make better targets for RNA therapies than others. Second, scientists have learned that the type and position of chemical modifications made to an RNA drug can alter its therapeutic window, toxicity, and bioavailability. Third, scientists have found that safe and targeted drug delivery vehicles are required to ferry mRNA therapies into diseased cells. In this study, we apply these learnings to cystic fibrosis (CF). We also describe lessons learned from a subset of CF gene therapies that have already been tested in patients. Finally, we highlight the scientific advances that are still required for nonviral mRNA- or CRISPR-based drugs to treat CF successfully in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author talks about increased PIP3 activity blocks nanoparticle mRNA delivery. Topics discussed PIP3 blocked delivery of clinically-relevant lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) across multiple cell types in vitro and in vivo, PIP3-driven reductions in LNP delivery were not caused by toxicity, cell uptake, or endosomal escape; and higher transcriptional activity and mitochondrial expansion led us to formulate competing hypotheses that explain reductions in LNP-mediated mRNA delivery.