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The objective of the study is to measure business sector’s financial health capability as an important functionality. Business sector financial worth aggregates to national financial health, which is another function of businesses other than production. Motivating firm investment can have far-reaching effects beyond production. Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model is used to measure financial health. The deployment of 99 country panel data between 1980-2021 used firm-level indicators like working capital, management efficiency, liquidity, and leverage and economic level consequences like inflation, investments, growth, stock market, and employment. The financial value of businesses leads to an increase in investments, growth, stock market, and employment. And it depends on working capital, and leverage of the firms. In order to boost the performance of business sector in terms of its financial health capability government must provide support in working capital, management efficiency and profitability of businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the intricate relationships between climate change vulnerability, renewable energy adoption, economic growth dynamics, population density, environmental expenditures, and regulatory quality, examining their collective impact on biodiversity and ecosystem vitality. Employing dynamic panel data estimates, our research underscores that escalating climate change vulnerability exerts a detrimental influence on both biodiversity and ecosystem vitality, underscoring the urgent imperative to address climate vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we reveal a non-linear relationship between economic growth and biodiversity/ecosystem vitality, emphasizing the need for balanced development to avoid negative consequences on biodiversity. High population density emerges as a negative factor affecting biodiversity and ecosystem vitality, while government investments in environmental protection and robust regulatory frameworks play pivotal roles in enhancing both. The study offers vital policy insights, advocating for sustainable environmental management strategies that prioritize climate resilience, responsible energy transitions, and well-structured policies to safeguard our natural ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquitous nature of ICT makes it an inevitable choice to address economic growth of a nation. The literature indicates a positive significance of ICT on economic growth, but intensity of the usage of ICT highly depends on the nature of the society. This study uses the perspective that sustained usage of ICT is highly dependent on various factors and facets of the society. Using national culture as a societal facet, the study demonstrates the necessity of congruence between ICT usage and national cultural values to attain desired level of economic growth. The results indicate that national culture dimensions and ICT have a significant influence on the economic growth of a nation. The study demonstrates variations in using ICT for economic growth depending on cultures in different regions of the world. The study has implications for policy makers at national and international levels regarding the usage of ICT for economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to contribute to the field of COVID-19 pandemic analysis. In this research we applied a twofold analysis that focused initially on the country general social-economic and medical characteristics and on top of that in a second level exploring the correlations to the characteristics that affect COVID-19 patients' mortality level. The approach has been applied to large datasets that include country level medical and the socio-economic data according to World Health Organization, the role of the cigarette consumption per capita using open datasets, and the cumulative data of the "COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University" for the total number of Cases, Deaths and Recovered. 101 countries including twenty-two (22) features are studied. We have also drilled in the country of Mexico datasets to show case the effectiveness of our approach. We show that our approach can achieve 96% overall accuracy based on the proposed combination approach of macro and micro features. Our approach outdoes previous study results that utilize machine learning to assist medical decision-making in COVID-19 prognosis. We conclude that country social economic and medical characteristics play important role to COVID-19 patients' prognosis and their outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research subject is an analysis of the role of education in development of a country, with a goal to look at all differences in views of examinees employed in the economy, educational institutions and students on the role of the government, economy and educational institutions in economic development. Research was conducted in Serbia, Croatia and Macedonia in 2014, by using a survey method. Research results have shown that there is a difference in opinions about the role of the public and private sector in education, depending on where examinee lives, while on the other hand difference in employment is not affecting the difference in their views. When the role of educational institutions and education itself is in question, research showed that there are no differences between Serbian, Croatian and Macedonian examinees. Although there is a difference between examinees according to their employment and it's the biggest between students, while there is no big difference between employed examinees.

The financialisation literature has grown over the past decades. Despite a generally accepted definition, financialisation has been used to describe different phenomena. We distinguish between financialisation of non-financial companies, households and the financial sector and use activity and vulnerability measures. We identify seven financialisation hypotheses in the literature and empirically investigate them in a cross-country analysis for 17 OECD countries and two time periods, 1997–2007 as well as 2008–17. We find different financialisation measures are only weakly correlated, suggesting the existence of distinct financialisation processes. There is strong evidence that financialisation is linked to asset price inflation and correlated with a debt-driven demand regime. Financial deregulation encourages financialisation. There is limited evidence that market-based financial systems are more financialised. Foreign financial inflows do not seem a main driver. We do not find indication that an investment slowdown precedes financialisation. Our findings suggest financialisation should be understood as a variegated process, playing out differently across economic sectors and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended to clarify the European Commission’s Education and Training (ET 2020) strategy, focusing primarily on the dimension of educational attainment. According to the ET 2020, the percentage of the population aged between 30 and 34 who have completed their tertiary education, should be at least 40% by 2020. Meanwhile, also forecasts a reduction in the early school leaver rate to less than 10%. The purposes of this study are to explore the present educational attainment performance in various OECD countries and to analyse the determinants of productivity growth regarding these educational targets. We found that in long run, an increase in the level of human capital resulted in a greater increase in productivity in those countries where the tertiary education and early school leaver ratios targets are achieved. Our conclusions highlight that educational reforms are needed to rethink the establishment of knowledge societies.

We investigate the relationship between inequality, redistribution, and growth using a recently-compiled dataset that distinguishes clearly between market (pre-tax and transfer) and net (post tax and transfer) inequality, and allows us to calculate redistributive transfers for a large number of advanced and developing countries. Across a variety of estimation methods, data samples, and robustness checks, we find: (1) lower net inequality is robustly correlated with faster and more durable growth, controlling for the level of redistribution; (2) redistribution appears benign in terms of its impact on growth, except when it is extensive; and (3) inequality seems to affect growth through human capital accumulation and fertility channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boğaziçi Journal: Review of Social, Economic & Administrative Studies is the property of Bogazici University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This endeavour intends to examine the impact of institutional quality and governance indicators on tax to GDP ratio utilising cross country empirical analysis. Generally, amount of tax revenue collection is considered a pure economic phenomenon related to level of economic activity in a certain country. This paper deviates from this common perception. Hence it utilises new institutionalists' stance that governance and institutional quality are major determinants of economic and government efficiency in a country consequently revenue collection too. It also focuses the examination of efficiency and effectiveness impacts of tax administrations in order to achieve enhanced revenue collection targets. In the wake of measuring impact of governance and institutional quality, six World Bank governance indicators namely corruption, political stability, rule of law, government effectiveness, regulatory authority, and voice and accountability have been regressed with tax to GDP ratio as dependant variable. Panel data is used for a span of six years. Inclusion of population, economic growth rate, imports as percent of GDP and exports as percent of GDP as control variables are used to test robustness of the model. A stratified random sample of thirteen developing and thirteen developed countries tests the validity of the model. Empirical analysis suggests a positive relationship between tax to GDP ratio and the above mentioned six governance indicators. It provides empirical evidence that by improving governance in areas like political stability, corruption, regulatory effectiveness, voice and accountability likely to provide more robust policy options for enhancing revenue collection rather increasing tax rates and tax base. The paper also presents comprehensive set of policy options based on empirical results and literature on the subject for policy practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Processes Management is the property of Sumy State University, Economic Theory Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Issued patents are frequently maneuvered as indicators for measuring innovative technology development. These indicators are usually used by many internationally-renowned ranking institutions to measure innovative activities at country level. In those ranking results, Taiwan exhibits inconsistent performance by different indicators, ranking fourth by the number of USPTO-granted patents (US patents) but twenty-second by the number of triadic patent families (TPF). This study adopts a statistical method to verify Taiwan's patent performance as outlier among 40 major countries. We endeavor to explain the discrepancy between US patents and triadic patent families. Compared to other countries, Taiwan's ration of patents in triadic patent families to the US patent is lower than 40 countries in all technology fields. Moreover, Taiwan's international trading relationship with the US, Japan, and European Union cannot explain its extreme patenting performance. The study finds out that without a membership in Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT,) Taiwan tends to shoulder more cost in applying multilateral patents, which may affect its quantity of patents in the European Patent Office (EPO) and Japan Patent Office (JPO), as well as the performance of TPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Studies on school travelling frequently deal with active travelling that is considered important in preventing obesity. Most research has been done in low bicycle countries where walking is the main active mode. The paper presents an analysis for the Netherlands and Flanders, two European countries with high bicycle use. The study analyses two aspects of school travel behaviour: home-to-school distances and modal choice. Both are analysed for primary and secondary school students. A descriptive analysis learns that in Flanders trip lengths to primary schools are significantly larger than in the Netherlands and that the bicycle is more frequently used in the Netherlands. Analyses of influencing variables for both home-to-school distance and modal choice demonstrate that ‘hard’ factors that define the objective conditions for school choice (crucial for home-to-school distance) and modal choice are most influential. They regard the locations of eligible schools and the qualities of the eligible modes. Just one other factor is significant in the explanation of home-to-school distances: car ownership. On the other hand, modal choice is influenced by several other socio-cultural factors, where age of the pupil, size of the household, and car ownership are most important. Most outcomes are in line with other studies. The observed high bicycle use demonstrates that the bicycle has the potential to account for a large number of trips and can even be the dominant mode in school travelling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In an increasingly risky and globalized marketplace, people must be able to make well-informed financial decisions. New international research demonstrates that financial illiteracy is widespread in both well-developed and rapidly changing markets. Women are less financially literate than men, the young and the old are less financially literate than the middle-aged, and more educated people are more financially knowledgeable. Most importantly, the financially literate are more likely to plan for retirement. Instrumental variables estimates show that the effects of financial literacy on retirement planning tend to be underestimated. In sum, around the world, financial literacy is critical to retirement security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the traditional socialist central planning system, economic growth in China and Vietnam was unstable and not very satisfactory. Yet, both countries achieved a remarkable progress in the area of human development. Later, under the market socialist model, China and Vietnam achieved very high rates of GDP growth, and malnutrition declined significantly. Yet, income distribution and the provision of key public services deteriorated in both countries. Progress in reducing child mortality in China was relatively slow, before improving in the early 2000s. Although Vietnam is much poorer than China, and has been growing less fast, its record in this area was markedly better. We show that this apparent paradox is due mainly to the fact that the negative side-effects of market-oriented reforms have reached a more advanced and alarming stage in China than in Vietnam. Our results also suggest that an additional factor is constituted by a relatively better status of women in Vietnam with respect to China. However, we also warn that signs are emerging in Vietnam too, indicating that it is entering a stage of development where the social problems now evident in China are starting to manifest themselves on a large and worrying scale. Our policy conclusions advocate in favour of re-establishing (in a new form, compatible with the maintenance of the economic dynamism of the market socialist system) some positive features of the pre-reform socialist model, among which universal public provision of basic public services is paramount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]