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Nutritional Values of Three Plantain Hybrids CRBP 39, FHIA 17 and FHIA 21 by Comparing them with that of Orishele Variety. This study is to estimate the nutritional values of plantain hybrids CRBP 39, FHIA 17 and FHIA 21 by comparing them with that of Orishele variety as control. For this purpose, Wistar rats weighing in average 82 ± 1.23 g were fed with these plantain diets. The results show good nutritional values of these plantain hybrids. Their daily ingestions by rats vary from 8.41 ± 0.08 to 9.41 ± 0.07 g/d; and an increase in rat weight ranging from 8.38 ± 0.16 to 8.74 ± 0.20 g/d is observed. Plantains used are digested well; their digestibilities vary from 98.43 ± 0.01% to 99.02 ± 0.01% for starch and from 95.38 ± 0.01 to 95.84 ± 0.13% for dry matter. Hybrids starch digestibilities are significantly different from that of the Orishele variety (P≤ 0.05). Rats fed with these plantain hybrids diets have a glycemia ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 g/l with no significant difference.

Chemical characteristics as well as contents in main components such as dry matter, sugars, lipids proteins and some minerals were determined in four banana hybrids CRBP 14, CRBP 39, FHIA 17, FHIA 21 and Orishele variety (used as control). Titrable acidity, pH, and calorific energy of these various cultivars of banana (Musa ssp.) were also determined. The results indicated that Orishele variety had the highest content of dry matter, total carbohydrate and potassium. On the other hand, CRBP 39 hybrid which had the highest total acidity was the richest in total sugars and was the most energetic. Concerning FHIA 17, it contained the highest amount of proteins, lipids, magnesium, calcium and iron.

Traditional And Improved Methods Of Shea Butter Production In The North Of Ivory Coast. Shea butter production from Butyrospermum paradoxum is particulary made by traditional methods by women in the North of Ivory Coast during the summer time. The use of some modem equipments does not improve really the yield, but it presents many advantages during production steps.

Despite being convenient and practical, current nanomedicine (NM) release kinetic models remain unscalable, non-specific and less descriptive of the underlying physicochemical determinants. However, a deterministic mathematical modelling could overcome these limitations. In this study, we develop a model, based on a system of two differential equations (accounting for nanoparticle (NP) degradation and then drug release from degraded NM), which enable us to estimate per capita rate constant α (#NP degraded/hr) and β (Drug Amount Released/NP), the net effect of the nanomedicine (NE factor ɣ= α.β) and the controlled release index (φ, ratio of drug release to NP degradation). The model analysis conducted with tenofovir loaded hyaluronidase sensitive NM clearly shows the α factor significantly increased with triggering stimuli due to its enzymatic action on its substrate (hyaluronic acid). However, the β factor remained relatively unchanged, due to intrinsic physicochemical properties of the drug as limiting factor. The application of the solutions of this model clearly enabled us to effectively screen among various nanoformulations and identified the best hyaluronidase-sensitive NM formulation, exhibiting the highest ratio (3.7-fold increase compared to no enzyme). The φ value confirmed the controlled release and stimuli sensitivity of the nanosystem. Moreover, the computed drug release rate (dM/dt) is consistent with other existing mathematical models (under valid assumption). The key advantages of this approach are i) relevancy to underlying physicochemical and biochemical process, ii) versatility and application to various NM kinetics, and iii) prediction of temporo-spatial distribution of the drug loaded NP that could potentially improve in-vitro/in vivo correlation study. This unique approach is applicable for a more specific and more meaningful/physicochemically relevant description of bioactive agents release from NM or NP for various applications.

Aortic dissection (AD) is a medicosurgical emergency whose diagnosis has been considerably facilitated in recent years by the development of reliable and easily available diagnostic methods such as echocardiography, spiral CT angiography, and even magnetic resonance imaging. The prognosis remains serious, particularly when the ascending aorta is involved (type A AD), therefore immediate surgical treatment can considerably reduce its mortality. The prognosis for dissections of the descending thoracic aorta (type B) is the best; treatment is primarily medical in the absence of complications. We report two cases of unexploited Stanford type A aortic dissection respectively in a 38-year-old patient and a 52-year-old patient, both with a fatal outcome, and two case of type B aortic dissection with a favorable outcome. These observations highlight the need to raise awareness among our populations about cardiovascular emergencies and challenge our health policies in order to improve the technical platform concerning the diagnosis and management of these dissections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Antiseptics have been used for many years in human and veterinary medicine. Over the years, the lengthening of surgical procedures in human surgery and the increasingly frequent use of inert material has increased the risk of infections. This was why skin antisepsis has become very important in the prevention of infections of the surgical wound and resulting complications. In Mali, at the Gabriel Touré University Hospital, the most prescribed family of antiseptics was the halogenated ones, in particular 10% povidone iodine for wound and surgical site antisepsis. This study was aimed to control the quality of 10% povidone iodine used in the hospital. Methodology: We conducted at the Medicines Quality Control Service of the National Health Laboratory of Mali (LNS) a retrospective analytical study on the quality control of 10% povidone iodine. We obtained 10% povidone iodine samples from the Pharmacie Populaire du Mali (PPM). We analyzed 48 batches of samples in regards of visual inspection, average volume, titrimetry, colorimetric test and pH control. Results: All 48 analyzed batches were compliant, i.e. contained the active ingredient and could be used in health facilities or at home as an antiseptic. Conclusion: All analyzed batches of 10% povidone iodine samples did not show any cases of inconsistency and therefore could be used in the management of wound dressings. Future Direction: Use other analytical methods like HPLC to test the quality control of povidone and other types of antiseptics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The pharmacological properties of Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb. (Caesalpiniaceae) are not well known, but it is used traditionally to treat snake bite (Bellomaria and Kacou, 1995; Schaffner, 1997). In the [...]

Single-cross pearl millet hybrids are widely grown in India, but this cultivar type has not been adopted in Africa. Hybrids from India have proven to be highly susceptible to downy mildew disease in Africa, the continent where the disease originated. We investigated an alternative strategy of growing topcross hybrids where both the parents are of African origin and both are only partially inbred. We investigated root characteristics – length, diameter, area, volume and dry weight – under drought stress and well-watered controlled conditions in genotypes that included potential parents of topcross hybrids. Several, including population Civarex 06_05, had better developed roots under drought while also having good roots under more favourable conditions. Some of these genotypes were backrossed to a male-sterile line based on the A4 cytoplasm to produce male-sterile populations with stable male sterility. Civarex 06_05 had good combining ability when used as a female parent and produced high-yielding topcross hybrids. Two of the topcross hybrids were on restorer populations Toroniou, originating from Mali, and Maiwa from Nigeria. On the experimental station and in farmers' fields, one was much superior in yield to the best local alternatives and both had superior downy mildew resistance. Current efforts on the seed production of these topcross hybrids are described, and the constraints to the commercialisation in Mali of promising topcross hybrids are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After examination of the drugs used by traditional practitioners in Cote d'lvoire, nine formulas prescribed in the treatment of African human trypanosomiasis (AHT) were selected for investigation. These formulas made use of 40 plants, 16 of which were studied because of their properties, as described in the literature, and their frequent use by practitioners. The plant extracts were administered, after maceration or decoction, either orally or intraperitoneally to Swiss mice that had previously been inoculated with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg), strain MHOM/CI/81/Dal 083. The parasitaemia in each mouse was followed for three consecutive days and compared with that in control mice, which had been given either a saline solution (SS: negative control) or well-known drugs (melarsoprol, difluoromethylornithine, and pentamidine: positive control). Our investigations led to the following conclusions. (a) None of the plant extracts revealed trypanocidal or trypanostatic activity relative to SS controls (P [is greater than] 0.05). In fact, the mice that received me extracts died on the third day after inoculation, with 0% survival and an average parasitaemia of 10.8 [+ or -] 2 x [10.sup.7] trypanosomes/ml. (b) The treated positive controls, relative to SS, showed 100% survival and no parasitaemia (P [is greater than] 0.05). Melarsoprol appeared to be active when given orally at a dose of 3.6 mg/kg body weight twice a day for 3 days. This method of testing the sensitivity of trypanosomes to plant extracts is easy and inexpensive, and could be applied to other areas of research on tropical diseases., Introduction There are two distinct presentations of African human trypanosomiasis (AHT) depending on the type of Trypanosoma brucei (Tb) causing the disease: T.b. gambiense (Tbg, occurring in West Africa) and [...]

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A ring resonator made of a silica-based optical fiber is a paradigmatic system for the generation of dissipative localized structures or dissipative solitons. We analyze the effect of the non-instantaneous nonlinear response of the fused silica or the Raman response on the formation of localized structures. After reducing the generalized Lugiato–Lefever to a simple and generic bistable model with a nonlocal Raman effect, we investigate analytically the formation of moving temporal localized structures. This reduction is valid close to the nascent bistability regime, where the system undergoes a second-order critical point marking the onset of a hysteresis loop. The interaction between fronts allows for the stabilization of temporal localized structures. Without the Raman effect, moving temporal localized structures do not exist, as shown in M. G. Clerc, S. Coulibaly, and M. Tlidi, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 013024 (2020). The detailed derivation of the speed and the width associated with these structures is presented. We characterize numerically in detail the bifurcation structure and stability associated with the moving temporal localized states. The numerical results of the governing equations are in close agreement with analytical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional arrays of coupled waveguides or coupled microcavities allow us to confine and manipulate light. Based on a paradigmatic envelope equation, we show that these devices, subject to a coherent optical injection, support coexistence between a coherent and incoherent emission. In this regime, we show that two-dimensional chimera states can be generated. Depending on initial conditions, the system exhibits a family of two-dimensional chimera states and interaction between them. We characterize these two-dimensional structures by computing their Lyapunov spectrum and Yorke–Kaplan dimension. Finally, we show that two-dimensional chimera states are of spatiotemporal chaotic nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Autism is a global and early developmental disorder that appears before the age 3 years old. It is characterized by a triad of symptoms affecting the following domains: social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, imagination and behaviors. This work aimed to determine the frequency of autism and to identify its risk factors in Malians aged 0-17 years old. Method: In a cross sectional and prospective study, we reviewed clinical data in 2068 medical charts dating from 1992 to 2012 from all the mental health care centers in Bamako. Results: We found a frequency of 7.8% (162/2068). The age range 0-5 years old was the most represented. The sex ratio was 1.7. The autistic child was issued from a consanguineous marriage in 25.4% (41/162) of the cases. To have parents in divorce, being the first child, and male gender were associated with autism with statistical significance. Our data suggest an elevated number of autism cases in Mali. We plan to carry out a larger prospective study to determine other autism risk factors and importantly to identify autistic families for a molecular genetic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)