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This is the eighth chapter of the first volume of the series, Liberating Sociology: From Newtonian to Quantum Imaginations, subtitled Unriddling the Quantum Enigma, by Mohammad H. Tamdgidi. In this chapter titled "Describing the Elephant in the Room as a Whole: Cohering the Many Interpretations of the Quantum Enigma," Tamdgidi revisits the interpretations of the quantum enigma he had introduced and surveyed in the Chapter 5 of this volume: The Incomplete Knowledge Interpretation, the Copenhagen Interpretation, the Pilot-Wave Interpretation, the Many Worlds and the Many Minds Interpretations, the Decoherence Interpretation, the Consciousness Cause Interpretation, and the Ithaca, Transactional, and Quantum Logic, Interpretations. Tamdgidi begins by recalling the basic findings from previous chapters that while the "two levels of reality" enigma has arisen from ways of approaching the so-called "measurement problem," the latter--as manifested in the enigmas encountered across various experiments conducted to demonstrate and interpret the so-called quantum enigma--is itself rooted in the enigma of the "wave-particle duality of light." Furthermore, his analysis has indicated that the still-at-core-dualistic notion "wave-particle duality of light" has itself also been a false narrative engendering yet another false "Complementarity Principle" narrative involving a need to "collapse" and "uncollapse" between a wave and a (supposedly nonwave) particle "duality" of light, a notion arising from a lack of relativistic consideration for the location of the observer when observing what otherwise is a simultaneity of localized/spread-out folds of light that always remains throughout an electromagnetic wave. Tamdgidi argues that Einstein was correct in suggesting that the quantum enigma is a result of the incomplete theorization of the quantum world. However, paradoxically, on one hand, he himself imaginally caused such incompleteness, while, on the other hand, he also conceptually provided the key for completing the theory. Einstein was correct in believing that splitting reality into a macroscopic and a microscopic world such that two completely different sets of laws would apply to them is a problematic proposition. He sought to find a way of subsuming the laws of the below to the laws of the above. Bohr, in contrast, sharply distinguished the two "levels" from one another, so much unlike one another that the difference led him to suggest that the real macroscopic world seems to arise from a microscopic world comprised of seemingly unreal, probabilistic objects. The opposition of the two viewpoints can be reconciled and cohered, however, by arguing that quantum theory offers a valid vision for both microscopic and macroscopic worlds, provided that the relativistic interpretation extends to considering them as folds of one another dependent on the reference frame location of the observer making such a distinction. In Tamdgidi's view, while the basic vocabulary of the Pilot-Wave Interpretation is still dualistic and ultimately fails in unriddling the enigma, it implicitly offers clues toward a successful relativistic explanation. One of the key contributions of the Pilot-Wave Interpretation has been the problematization of the "collapse" as a necessary feature of the quantum world. Since in its definition the two attributes of corpuscularity and spread-out waviness are not deemed to be complementary (as assumed in the Copenhagen Interpretation) but an interlocked feature of objects, the problem of "switching" from one to the other does not arise as an interpretive issue even in that interpretation. The object, interlocked with its pilot-wave, interacts with other objects through their pilot-waves, without having to collapse from one mode to another in terms of a problem of losing and regaining waviness. Entangled objects join to form unified, entangled pilot-waves involving more complex motion patterns. Therefore, the problem of dualism gripping the notion of pilot-wave should not prevent us from noting the contribution it makes to envisioning the universe in terms of an undivided reality, considering the macroscopic and microscopic worlds as folds of one another. It is in this sense that the Pilot-Wave Interpretation offers its way out of the problem of "collapsing" that are shared by both the (reluctant) Einsteinian and (embracing) Bohrian visions of the quantum world. The Many Minds variation of the Many Worlds interpretation seeks to do away with the science-fictional aspects of the latter interpretation, by suggesting that reality is not a predetermined, predictable, medium in its microscopic or macroscopic folds, but can also coexist in superposed states of alternative reality visions, imaginations, and projects in the mind. In this sense, the Many Minds and the Many Worlds interpretations, when the latter is conceived as being possible as coexistential variants in the same universe we live in, can creatively cohere with one another as well and provide further conceptual frameworks for developing the relativistic interpretation as developed in this volume. According to Tamdgidi, an important contribution of Decoherence Interpretations has been to challenge the one-sided and narrower, consciousness-only, mechanisms for what they perceived to be a "collapsing" or "decohering" process by means of which infinite possibilities become actual realities. Finding accidental, evolutionary, or natural-historical explanations for why the macroscopic world we live in has come about and taken the shape it has in the past leading to the rise of human species as an intelligent life-form, aside from the role we ourselves have subsequently and increasingly played in that process, are not irrelevant, but especially contributive, to a fuller and deeper development of our proposed relativistic perspective. The Consciousness Cause Interpretation as found in John Archibald Wheeler both coherently contributes as well as incoherently limits our ability to explain and unriddle the so-called quantum enigma. It contributes, because consciousness does play a definite and inescapable role in any scientific activity, microscopic or macroscopic, such that it is always participatory in terms of how the observing subject must include himself or herself in the experiment being conducted. It is limiting, in the sense that such a role by consciousness comes at times with the muddy bathwater of dualistic thinking, during which the relativistic considerations for understanding the so-called "wave-particle duality of light" are ignored, and objects are split into separable chunks that then call for fantastic explanations that at times invite spooky solutions. Aside from the apparent dualism in the way he wishes to advance both a Monist and an Idealist interpretation of the quantum enigma, Amit Goswami's key contribution to the Consciousness Cause conversations on the quantum enigma, as part of his bringing in the Eastern traditions into that conversation, is his emphasis on the role played by meditation in understanding and unriddling the quantum enigma. However, the way he goes about doing so is not without its problems, at times spent on proving propositions of spooky communication at a distance type, that, provable or not, distract from a more fruitful and undeniable way one can consider meditation to play a key part in providing the inner experiential conditions necessary for understanding and unriddling the quantum enigma. The basic aim of the Ithaca Interpretation is to find a way of shedding light on the objective determinism that one may still attribute to what is usually regarded as a microscopic quantum world of infinite possibilities. Tamdgidi argues that the aim and contributions of the effort undertaken by the Ithaca Interpretation can be fruitful for the relativistic interpretation as introduced in this volume, since the latter does not necessarily rule out the possibility that there is some pre-cognitive order among apparent chaos in reality, microscopic or macroscopic. The relativistic interpretation does not require human consciousness for the alleged collapsing requirement of objects since the collapse itself is regarded as a conceptual error arising from the "dualistic," behaviorally separable, notion of objects being considered as either corpuscular or spread-out. According to the Transactional Interpretation, the wave function should not be regarded as only a temporally forward-moving function but one that depends on and allows for reverse motion, since the process of the so-called "collapse" is not a one-way street, so to speak, but a transactional, two-way street. Bringing the Ithaca and Transactional interpretations into one another's fold requires a rethinking and reimagining of the very logical tools we use to understand reality. And this is why Tamdgidi also included the Quantum Logic Interpretation as another important interpretive contribution toward describing our elephant in the room. What appears to us dualistically as atomistic, separable, subjectlessly "objective," deterministic, locally continuous, and knowable only through disciplinarity and ethnocentric scientism are so manifested falsely because they are frozen, falsely universalized, cross-sectional expressions in longer-term, larger-scale manner in our own reference frame of a fuller process that is much more rapidly enacted in microscopic world--characterized by simultaneity, superpositionality, inseparability, relativity (subject-included objectivity), probability, and transcontinuity, understandable through transdisciplinary and transcultural points of view, best described in terms of the nonreductive dialectics of wholes and parts involving a simultaneity, of unity in diversity, of identity and difference of opposites. Quantum world appears "Quantum Newtonian" (what Tamdgidi coins as a completely relativistic, quantum science-accommodating Newtonianism) in the reference frame of any observer, whether or not he or she goes up or down the escalator of reference frames. Completely relativistic Newtonianism or Quantum Newtonianism is a seemingly slowed down and larger scale expression of the quantum world in one's own reference frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometrical structures of the isolated benzene and naphthalene molecules have been accurately determined by using ultrahigh-resolution laser spectroscopy and ab initio calculation in a complementary manner. The benzene molecule has been identified to be planar and hexagonal (D6h) and the structure has been determined with accuracies of 2 × 10-14 m (0.2 mÅ; 1 Å = 1 × 10-10 m) for the C-C bond length and 1.0 × 10-13 m (1.0 mÅ) for the C-H bond length. The naphthalene molecule has been identified to be symmetric with respect to three coordinate axes (D2h) and the structure has been determined with comparable accuracies. We discuss the effect of vibrational averaging that is a consequence of zero-point motions on the uncertainty in determining the bond lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A place-aware social matching model for predicting serendipitous interaction willingness between two persons in a certain place is proposed under the Korean cultural context. • We design and conduct 2 experiments (Web-based online and real-world offline) based on a bogus stranger paradigm. • We investigate the proposed model in the perspective of the predictability and interpretability. Abstract In the era of perpetual digital connectedness, information and communication technology has significantly altered the way people communicate and interact with each other. Nonetheless, the computer-mediated communication should only complement offline communication rather than substituting it, as the resultant online ties are not as strong as face-to-face ties. In an effort to understand the motives in making offline social interactions real and ultimately to predict willingness to engage in serendipitous interactions with people encountered in a public place, we propose a place-aware social matching model driven by interpersonal factors (i.e., similarity, complementarity, and intimacy) and socio-spatial factors (i.e., place sociability, information acquisition expectancy, and perceived personal space in a place). Through a web-based social matching survey experiment (N = 1139 matches from 99 participants in Korea) based on a bogus stranger paradigm, we examine the interrelationship between those factors and the interaction willingness using a series of multiple regression analyses and build a prediction model by devising predictive features based on several machine learning models. From this, we find that both factors have statistically significant influence on interaction willingness, yet interpersonal factors have a higher relative importance than the socio-spatial factors. The interesting point is that the predictive power of these factors varies according to the place characteristics and the level of interaction willingness. We also empirically test the predictability of the model built from the controlled lab experiment through real-world experiments. The results reveal that the proposed model predicts interaction willingness in a real world with under 21% error rate within the Korean cultural context. Findings have implications for the design of mobile social networking systems that endeavor to facilitate serendipitous interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge flow of multimedia information can trigger the formation of alliances and clusters. Our study focuses on the conditions when alliances or clusters emerge subsequent to the perception of knowledge flow. Based on several fundamental assumptions, we build an evolutionary game model for quantitative calculation and further conclude several propositions via geometrical analysis. The findings show that when originators participate in games without perception to the outflowing of knowledge via multimedia, the similarity, complementarity and spillage of knowledge all facilitate alliances formation after spillovers, and when originators participate in games with perception to the outflowing information, alliance formation is still positively related to the similarity and complementarity of knowledge, while the effect of spillage depends on initial conditions. This study not only analyzes the multimedia information from knowledge spillover perspective, but also introduces the evolutionary game model into the exploration of multimedia information flow, thus it provides novel guidance for the further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In Earth and planetary sciences, the chemical composition of chondritic meteorites provides an essential reference to constrain the composition and differentiation history of planetary reservoirs. Yet, for many trace elements, and in particular for volatile trace elements the composition of chondrites is not well constrained. Here we present new compositional data for carbonaceous chondrites with an emphasis on the origin of the volatile element depletion pattern. Our database includes 25 carbonaceous chondrites from 6 different groups (CI, CM, CR, CV, CO, CK), two ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites and Murchison powder samples heated up to 1000 °C in O 2 or Ar gas streams, respectively. A total of 51 major and trace elements were analyzed by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS), using chondrite-matched calibration solutions. Our results confirm that parent body alteration and terrestrial weathering only have minor effects on the bulk chondrite compositions. Thermal metamorphism can lead to the loss of some volatile elements, as best observed in the heating experiments and two thermally overprinted chondrites Y-980115 (CI) and EET 96026 (CV4/5 or CK4/5). The effects of aqueous alteration and terrestrial weathering on the Antarctic samples are difficult to discriminate. Both processes may redistribute fluid mobile elements such as K, Na, Rb, U and the light rare earth elements (LREE) within the meteorite. In hot desert finds, the typical weathering effects are enrichments of Sr, Ba and U and a depletion of S. In general, moderately volatile elements with 50% condensation temperatures (T C) ranging from 1250 K to 800 K show an increasing depletion, whereas 11 moderately volatile elements with 50% T C between 800 K and 500 K are unfractionated from each other in most samples. Their extent of depletion is characteristic for the different chondrite groups. Because of this well-defined “hockey stick” pattern, we propose to divide the moderately volatile elements into two subgroups, the ‘slope volatile elements’ and the unfractionated ‘plateau volatile elements’ with lower T C. Notably, the abundances of plateau volatile elements exhibit a co-variation with the matrix abundances of the respective host meteorites. Carbonaceous chondrite matrices are likely mixes of: (i) CI-like material and (ii) chondrule-related matrix. Chondrule-related matrix is expected to be depleted in volatile elements relative to CI and likely formed contemporaneously with chondrules, leading to chondrule-matrix complementarity. The addition of CI-like material only changed the absolute elemental concentrations of bulk matrix and bulk chondrite, while refractory and main component element ratios such as Mg/Si remain unaffected. Such a model can also account for the co-existence of low temperature CI-like material and high temperature chondrule and chondrule-related matrix. However, elevated volatile element abundances observed in chondrules still provide a challenge for the model as proposed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two classical pivoting algorithms, due to Lemke and Cottle–Dantzig, are studied on linear complementarity problems (LCPs) and their generalizations that arise from infinite duration two-person mean payoff games (MPGs) under zero-mean partition problem. Lemke's algorithm was studied in solving MPGs via reduction to discounted payoff games or to simple stochastic games. We provide an alternative and efficient approach for studying the LCPs arising from the MPGs without any reduction. A binary MPG can easily be formulated as an LCP which has always terminated in a complementary solution in numerical experiments, but has not yet been proven either the processability of MPG's by Lemke's algorithm or a counter example that it will not terminate with a solution. Till now, the processability of MPG's by Lemke's algorithm remains open. A general MPG (with arbitrary outgoing arcs) naturally reduces to a generalized linear complementarity problem (GLCP) involving a rectangular matrix where the vertices are represented by the columns and the outgoing arcs from each vertex are represented by rows in a particular block. The noteworthy result in this paper is that the GLCP obtained from an MPG is processable by Cottle–Dantzig principal pivoting algorithm which terminates with a solution. Several properties of the matrix which arise in this context are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated energy systems (IESs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to the high energy efficiency and low emission of carbon dioxide. To deal with the limitation of single IES, distributed energy networks consisting of multi-IESs are proposed to improve the complementarity of both the energy supply and the demand. This paper mainly focuses on the day-ahead energy management of the whole energy network for the economic operation of the system, following which, a cooperative game is formulated to determine the optimal strategy of each IES to minimize the coalition daily cost. Meanwhile, an allocation mechanism is designed from the perspective of probability to allocate coalition cost to each IES. According to the results of the numerical study, the proposed approach can improve the economic performance of both the energy network and the individual IES by interchanging electrical and thermal energies in the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complementarity in light use might increase light exploitation and could be an important mechanism explaining the coexistence of multiple species in plant communities of increasing diversity. We measured vertical light profiles and leaf traits related to light acquisition and light use in 40 mixtures of varying species richness (SR, 2, 4, 8 and 16) and functional group richness (FR, 1‐4) in a large grassland biodiversity experiment at five different times during the growing season. Light attenuation within the canopy differed significantly among mixtures of varying SR at peak biomass, with 40% in 2‐species mixtures and up to 80% in 16‐species mixtures. In contrast, increasing SR did not affect light attenuation at the beginning of the growing season or during regrowth after mowing, when large fractions of incoming radiation reached the ground level. These patterns suggested the presence of highly variable light niches over space and time. Trait expression differed among functional groups (except specific leaf area (SLA)) and varied within the growing season. However, we found no direct effect of increased SR or FR on the expression of leaf traits, except for positive species richness‐effects on SLA at peak biomass time. SLA and stomatal conductance increased and leaf dry matter content decreased at lower light at leaf height, while leaf greenness was independent of relative light availability. Dissimilarity of leaf traits (except SLA) at the community level increased with increasing SR. Thus, our results suggest that after accounting for light availability, which was driven by SR and time of year, variations in leaf trait expression within the grassland canopies did not depend on SR, but rather on functional group identity and time of year. Consequently, increased complementarity in light use at higher plant diversity is due to presence of more species with different leaf trait expression and trait variation in response to the actual light environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project explores whether tattoos possess, according to those who sport them, the characteristics of a document and, if yes, to what extent. Eighty-eight tattoos, which were described in eighteen in-depth interviews with tattooed adults, are used as units of analysis and analysed following a conceptual framework that focuses on the complementarity of the material, mental and social aspects of documents. The analysis of the mental (or informational) aspect of tattoos indicates that participants distinctly distinguish between tattoos carrying a meaning from those that are purely aesthetic, and that the two types of tattoos can easily cohabit on the same person. The analysis of the social (or communicational) aspect of tattoos is divided into two sub-aspects: the choice of localization on the body and the choice of visual elements. Both, among the participants, were considered thoughtfully and, united, they often become a well-considered communication strategy. Results indicate that, while all tattoos carry material and social aspects, only those that carry a meaning for the individual sporting them appear to possess a clear mental aspect that would make them documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the cell-based smoothed finite element using quadrilateral elements (CS-FEM) is used for 2D contact problems which are converted into linear complementarity problems (LCPs), which can be solved efficiently using the Lemke method. The modified Coulomb friction contact model with tangential strength and normal adhesion is considered, which models sticking-slipping, contacting-departing, and bonding-debonding processes, in a unified formulation. Smoothed Galerkin weak-form with contact boundary is deduced, in which the stiffness is implemented using the CS-FEM with 1 smoothing domain (1SD), 2SD, 3SD, 4SD, 8SD, and 16SD for each element. Contact interface equations are discretized through contact point-pairs that are constructed using a master-slave surface algorithm. Intensive numerical examples are given to investigate the effects of contact parameters on contact behaviors and examine the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The numerical results of CS-FEM models are compared with that of FEM-Q4 model, which demonstrates that all CS-FEM models are softer than FEM-Q4 model. The strain energy solutions, obtained using several CS-FEM models, are monotonically decreasing with the number of the SDs for each element increasing. The upper bound solutions in strain energy can be obtained using a CS-FEM-1SD model in our examples, while the lower bound solutions are obtained using CS-FEM-16SD model or FEM-Q4, with FEM-Q4 solution being the lowest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a new notion of second-order complementarity with respect to the tangent subspace related to second-order necessary optimality conditions by the introduction of so-called tangent multipliers. We prove that around a local minimizer, a second-order stationarity residual can be driven to zero while controlling the growth of Lagrange multipliers and tangent multipliers, which gives a new second-order optimality condition without constraint qualifications stronger than previous ones associated with global convergence of algorithms. We prove that second-order variants of augmented Lagrangian (under an additional smoothness assumption based on the Lojasiewicz inequality) and interior point methods generate sequences satisfying our optimality condition. We present also a companion minimal constraint qualification, weaker than the ones known for second-order methods, that ensures usual global convergence results to a classical second-order stationary point. Finally, our optimality condition naturally suggests a definition of second-order stationarity suitable for the computation of iteration complexity bounds and for the definition of stopping criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We developed novel size‐complementary molecular and macromolecular rotaxanes using a 2,6‐dimethylphenyl terminal group as the axle‐end‐cap group in dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8‐ether (DB24C8)‐based rotaxanes, where the 2,6‐dimethylphenyl group was found to be less bulky than the 3,5‐dimethylphenyl group. A series of molecular and macromolecular [2]rotaxanes that bear a 2,6‐dimethylphenyl group as the axle‐end‐cap were synthesized using unsubstituted and fluorine‐substituted DB24C8. Base‐induced decomposition into their constituent components confirmed the occurrence of deslipping, which supports the size‐complementarity of these rotaxanes. The deslipping rate was independent of the axle length but dependent on the DB24C8 substituents. A kinetic study indicated the rate‐determining step was that in which the wheel is getting over the end‐cap group, and deslipping proceeded via a hopping‐over mechanism. Finally, the present deslipping behavior was applied to a stimulus‐degradable polymer as an example for the versatile utility of this concept in the context of stimulus‐responsive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recently introducedpolynomial complementarity problem(PCP) is an interesting generalization of thetensor complementarity problem(TCP) studied extensively in the literature. In this paper, we make a contribution to analysing the error bounds of PCPs with structured tensors. Specifically, we first show that the solution set of PCPs with a leadingER-tensor is nonempty and compact. Then, we analyse lower bounds of solutions of PCPs under the strict semicopositiveness, thereby gainfully establishing error bounds of PCPs, which, to the best of our knowledge, are not studied in the current PCPs and TCPs literature. Moreover, it is noteworthy that, due to the special structure of PCPs, our error bounds are better than the direct results obtained by applying the theory ofnon-linear complementarity problemsto PCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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Bohr’s principle of complementarity, in the context of a two-slit interference experiment, is understood as the quantitative measures of wave and particle natures following a duality relation D 2 + V 2 ≤ 1 . Here D is a measure of distinguishability of the two paths, and V is the visibility of interference. It is shown that such a relation can be formulated for N –slit or N -path interference too, with the proviso that the wave nature is characterized by a measure of coherence ( C ). This new relation, D 2 + C 2 ≤ 1 is shown to be tight, and reduces to the known duality relation for the case N = 2 . A recently introduced similar relation (Bagan et al., 2016) is shown to be inadequate for the purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the application of squeeze film damper (SFD) in aero-engine, a cavitation model is evaluated by means of linear complementarity problem (LCP) method. Different from the conventional SFD study that employs circular-center orbits (CCOs), a realistic condition is explored where the shaft whirling center and bearing center are misaligned. Taking into account the fluid as incompressible and compressible, the governing equations, including film cavitation, are respectively solved by developing an algorithm using the LCP method. The numerical results are compared with experimental data and the effectiveness of the model is verified. The proposed model can provide some references to investigate the competency of this cavitation method in SFDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complementarity has frequently, but mistakenly, been conflated with wave-particle duality, and this conflation has led to pervasive misunderstandings of Bohr's views and several misguided claims of an experimental “disproof” of complementarity. In this paper, I explain what Bohr meant by complementarity, and how this is related to, but distinct from, wave-particle duality. I list a variety of possible meanings of wave-particle duality, and canvass the ways in which they are (or are not) supported by quantum physics and Bohr's interpretation. I also examine the extent to which wave-particle duality should be viewed as an example of the sort of dualities one finds in, e.g., string theory. I argue that the most fruitful way of reading of Bohr's account complementarity is by comparing it to current accounts of effective theories with limited domains of applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the relationships between the character of physical law in quantum theory and Bohr's concept of complementarity, under the assumption of the unrepresentable and possibly inconceivable nature of quantum objects and processes, an assumption that may be seen as the most radical departure from realism currently available. Complementarity, the article argues, is a reflection of the fact that, as against classical physics or relativity, the behavior of quantum objects of the same type, say, all electrons, is not governed by the same physical law in all contexts, specifically in complementary contexts. On the other hand, the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics offers correct probabilistic or statistical predictions (no other predictions are possible on experimental grounds) in all contexts, here, again, under the assumption that quantum objects themselves and their behavior are beyond representation or even conception. Bohr, in this connection, spoke of 'an entirely new situation as regards the description of physical phenomena that, the notion of complementarity aims at characterizing.' The article also considers the relationships among complementarity, entanglement, and quantum information, by basing these relationships on this understanding of complementarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of feature subset is a crucial aspect in speech emotion recognition problem. In this paper, a Reordering Features with Weights Fusion (RFWF) algorithm is proposed for selecting more effective and compact feature subset. The RFWF algorithm fuses the weights reflecting the relevance, complementarity, and redundancy between features and classes comprehensively and implements the reordering of features to construct feature subset with excellent emotional recognizability. A binary-tree structured multiple-kernel SVM classifier is adopted in emotion recognition. And different feature subsets are selected in different nodes of the classifier. The highest recognition accuracy of the five emotions in Berlin database is 90.549% with only 15 features selected by RFWF. The experimental results show the effectiveness of RFWF in building feature subset and the utilization of different feature subsets for specified emotions can improve the overall recognition performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the question under which conditions a linear multi-modal system is disturbance decoupled. We establish necessary and sufficient geometric conditions from which the existing results on switched linear systems and conewise linear systems can be recovered as special cases. Also, we apply these conditions to a class of linear complementarity systems in order to obtain a more crisp characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a systematic study of the intensity mapping (IM) technique using updated models for the different emission lines from galaxies. We identify which ones are more promising for cosmological studies of the post-reionization epoch. We consider the emission of Lyα, Hα, Hβ, optical and infrared oxygen lines, nitrogen lines, C ii and the CO rotational lines. We show that Lyα, Hα, O ii, C ii and the lowest rotational CO lines are the best candidates to be used as IM probes. These lines form a complementary set of probes of the galaxies’ emission spectra. We then use reasonable experimental setups from current, planned or proposed experiments to assess the detectability of the power spectrum of each emission line. IM of Lyα emission from z = 2 to 3 will be possible in the near future with Hobby–Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment, while far-infrared lines require new dedicated experiments. We also show that the proposed SPHEREx satellite can use O ii and Hα IM to study the large-scale distribution of matter in intermediate redshifts of 1–4. We find that submillimetre experiments with bolometers can have similar performances at intermediate redshifts using C ii and CO(3–2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an extensive review of two streams of literature: the first part of the review focuses on policy tools and their interrelationships and the second part focuses on the literature on the state renewable energy policy tools. Based on the reviews, this paper investigates how policymakers choose a set of interrelated renewable energy policy instruments and identify under what conditions policy instruments complement or substitute. We extend the political market framework by examining the influences of: (1) administrative agencies on the supply side; (2) interest groups on the demand side; and (3) the policy-induced problem situation changes on the adoption of state renewable energy policy tools, building upon reviews of both policy tools and policy diffusion theories. A set of hypotheses are advanced for state renewable energy policy interactions among public benefit fund (PBF), renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and corporate tax incentive (CTI). The hypotheses are tested by three Event History models, in which RPS, PBF and CTI serve as dependent variables separately. The complementary effects between previous use of RPS and adoption of PBF, between previous use of PBF and adoption of RPS, and between previous use of CTI and adoption of RPS are confirmed. We also find support for the policy substitutability between previous use of CTI and adoption of PBF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review investigates the question of the relationship of different hemispheric specializations. Hemispheric specializations are the result of the seemingly distinctive ability of the left and right hemisphere to specialize in different cognitive functions. The review focuses on the concept of complementarity whereby the lateralization of one function predicts the asymmetric processing of another one. The complementarity of hemispheric specializations presents an interesting dilemma as the literature evidence is outwardly mixed. The causal and statistical hypotheses attempt to account for the observed findings, with support for both hypotheses. However, most of the evidence appears to align with the statistical pattern of complementarity. Converging lines of evidence suggest that there are multiple independent biases that play a role in how these functional cerebral asymmetries are organized in the human brain. Some of the functional and evolutionary implications of the existence of complementarity of hemispheric specializations are also briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of “Hydrogen Economy” originated in the early 1970s as response to the first oil crisis. Consequently, its implementation needs a well-planned strategy adapted to the decay of the “Fossil Fuel Economy” allowing bridging the gap between both of them. This strategy must encompass Hydrogen production, distribution and utilization and should be built on solid grounds of established science and engineering. There is no doubt that hydrogen will play an important role in the future energy scenario but should not be thought to do so in terms of dominance but rather in competition and complementarity with other energy carriers. Therefore, the strategy for introduction should be planned not in terms of confrontation with the other energy vectors but in terms of convergence and synergies search. In this paper the current situation of the three main fields of the Hydrogen Economy: Production, Distribution and Uses are analyzed and some considerations and suggestions for action are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an interpretation of the quark–lepton symmetry in terms of the unimodularity of the color group S U ( 3 ) and on the existence of 3 generations, we develop an argumentation suggesting that the “finite quantum space” corresponding to the exceptional real Jordan algebra of dimension 27 (the Euclidean Albert algebra) is relevant for the description of internal spaces in the theory of particles. In particular, the triality which corresponds to the 3 off-diagonal octonionic elements of the exceptional algebra is associated to the 3 generations of the Standard Model while the representation of the octonions as a complex 4-dimensional space C ⊕ C 3 is associated to the quark–lepton symmetry (one complex for the lepton and 3 for the corresponding quark). More generally it is suggested that the replacement of the algebra of real functions on spacetime by the algebra of functions on spacetime with values in a finite-dimensional Euclidean Jordan algebra which plays the role of “the algebra of real functions” on the corresponding almost classical quantum spacetime is relevant in particle physics. This leads us to study the theory of Jordan modules and to develop the differential calculus over Jordan algebras (i.e. to introduce the appropriate notion of differential forms). We formulate the corresponding definition of connections on Jordan modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a complement to a resent high-resolution spectrometric investigation of the decay of 194 Au to levels of 194 Pt, a similar study has been undertaken of the decay of 19-h 194 Ir to 194 Pt. The two decays populate a similar set of levels in 194 Pt, and so the complementary investigations with similar resolution and efficiency permit a direct comparison of the two data sets. Overall there is excellent agreement between the energies of the common γ -ray transitions and also between the deduced energies of the excited states in 194 Pt. The 194 Ir half-life has been remeasured to be 19.20(2) h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1935, Albert Einstein and two colleagues, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen (EPR) developed a thought experiment to demonstrate what they felt was a lack of completeness in quantum mechanics (QM). EPR also postulated the existence of more fundamental theory where physical reality of any system would be completely described by the variables/states of that fundamental theory. This variable is commonly called hidden variable and the theory is called hidden variable theory (HVT). In 1964, John Bell proposed an empirically verifiable criterion to test for the existence of these HVTs. He derived an inequality, which must be satisfied by any theory that fulfill the conditions of locality and reality. He also showed that QM, as it violates this inequality, is incompatible with any local-realistic theory. Later it has been shown that Bell's inequality (BI) can be derived from different set of assumptions and it also find applications in useful information theoretic protocols. In this review, we will discuss various foundational as well as information theoretic implications of BI. We will also discuss about some restricted nonlocal feature of quantum nonlocality and elaborate the role of Uncertainty principle and Complementarity principle in explaining this feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-slit experiment with quantum particles provides many insights into the behavior of quantum mechanics, including Bohr's complementarity principle. Here, we analyze Einstein's recoiling slit version of the experiment and show how the inevitable entanglement between the particle and the recoiling slit as a which-way detector is responsible for complementarity. We derive the Englert-Greenberger-Yasin duality from this entanglement, which can also be thought of as a consequence of sum-uncertainty relations between certain complementary observables of the recoiling slit. Thus, entanglement is an integral part of the which-way detection process, and so is uncertainty, though in a completely different way from that envisaged by Bohr and Einstein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new approach for the registration of airborne LiDAR point clouds by finding and matching corresponding linear plane features. Linear plane features are a type of common feature in an urban area and are convenient for obtaining feature parameters from point clouds. Using such linear feature parameters, the 3D rigid body coordination transformation model is adopted to register the point clouds from different trajectories. The approach is composed of three steps. In the first step, an OpenStreetMap-aided method is applied to select simply-structured roof pairs as the corresponding roof facets for the registration. In the second step, the normal vectors of the selected roof facets are calculated and input into an over-determined observation system to estimate the registration parameters. In the third step, the registration is be carried out by using these parameters. A case dataset with a two trajectory point cloud was selected to verify the proposed method. To evaluate the accuracy of the point cloud after registration, 40 checkpoints were manually selected; the results of the evaluation show that the general accuracy is 0.96 m, which is approximately 1.6 times the point cloud resolution. Furthermore, two overlap zones were selected to measure the surface-difference between the two trajectories. According to the analysis results, the average surface-distance is approximately 0.045-0.129 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a new chiral metamaterial with giant optical activity (90°) around 225 and 285 THz has been proposed which can be acted as a dual-band cross polarization converter (CPC). During the frequency range of proposed CPC, the maximum transmission coefficient and cross polarization conversion efficiency are up to 0.55 and 0.998, respectively. Importantly, the corresponding ellipticities are almost zero at 225 and 285 THz. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A 14-year high resolution wave and wind hindcast was carried out for Ireland. The wind was dynamically downscaled from the ERA-Interim reanalysis to a 2.5 km horizontal resolution and 65 vertical levels, using the HARMONIE meso-scale model. The wave hindcast was derived using WAVEWATCH III on an unstructured grid with resolution ranging between 10 km offshore and 225 m in the nearshore, forced by the downscaled HARMONIE 10 m winds and ERA-Interim wave spectra. The wind and wave hindcasts were thoroughly validated against available buoy data, including wave buoys in nearshore locations and coastal synoptic stations. In addition, the significant wave heights and winds from the hindcasts were compared against all available altimeter data from the CERSAT database at Ifremer. The quality of both the wind and wave hindcasts was found to be good. The wave and wind energy resource in coastal areas was assessed, and discussed in terms of water depth, distance to shore, and seasonal and inter-annual variability. In addition, the current study investigates the nearshore wind and wave climate in conjunction with each other, and highlights two issues with relevance to the ocean renewable energy industry: (i) the complementarity between the wind and wave energy resource, and (ii) the accessibility for marine operations. Our study highlights sites around the Irish coast that might have been overlooked in terms of the potential for wind, wave or combined wind/wave energy installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compute Rényi entropies for the statistics of a noisy simultaneous observation of two complementary observables in two-dimensional quantum systems. The relative amount of uncertainty between two states depends on the uncertainty measure used. These results are not reproduced by a more standard duality relation. We show that these behaviors are consistent with the lack of majorization relation between the corresponding statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that quantum optical experiments that purport to refute Bohr's principle of complementarity (BPC) fail in their aim. Some of these experiments try to refute complementarity by refuting the so called particle-wave duality relations, which evolved from the Wootters-Zurek reformulation of BPC (WZPC). I therefore consider it important for my forgoing arguments to first recall the essential tenets of BPC, and to clearly separate BPC from WZPC, which I will argue is a direct contradiction of BPC. This leads to a need to consider the meaning of particle-wave duality relations and to question their fundamental status. I further argue (albeit, in opposition to BPC) that particle and wave complementary concepts are on a different footing than other pairs of complementary concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The partial knowledge of the factors in a multivariate curve resolution problem can simplify the factorization problem. The complementarity and coupling theory as published in 2012 provides precise mathematical conditions for certain unknown parts of the factors. These constraints are based on a singular value decomposition of the data matrix; they have the form of linear or affine linear spaces which contain the unknown parts of the pure component factors. This paper presents a new and simple singular value decomposition-free form of the complementarity and coupling theory. The derivation of these theorems is based on elementary arguments of linear algebra. The new mathematical form of the theory allows its easy and straightforward applicability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new primal-dual interior-point predictor-corrector algorithm in Ai and Zhang's wide neighborhood for solving monotone linear complementarity problems (LCP). Based on the understanding of this neighborhood, we use two new directions in the predictor step and in the corrector step, respectively. Especially, the use of new corrector direction also reduces the duality gap in the corrector step, which has good effects on the algorithm's convergence. We prove that the new algorithm has a polynomial complexity of , which is the best complexity result so far. In the paper, we also prove a key result for searching for the best step size along some direction. Considering local convergence, we revise the algorithm to be a variant, which enjoys both complexity of and Q-quadratical convergence. Finally, numerical result shows the effectiveness and superiority of the two new algorithms for monotone LCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the in silico design, surface property analyses, production and chromatographic evaluations of a diverse set of antibody Fab fragment variants. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) constitute important binding sites for multimodal chromatographic ligands. Given that antibodies are highly diversified molecules and in particular the CDRs, we set out to examine the generality of this result. For this purpose, four different Fab fragments with different CDRs and/or framework regions of the variable domains were identified and related variants were designed in silico. The four Fab variant libraries were subsequently generated by site-directed mutagenesis and produced by recombinant expression and affinity purification to enable examination of their chromatographic retention behavior. The effects of geometric re-arrangement of the functional moieties on the multimodal resin ligands were also investigated with respect to Fab variant retention profiles by comparing two commercially available multimodal cation-exchange ligands, Capto MMC and Nuvia cPrime, and two novel multimodal ligand prototypes. Interestingly, the chromatographic data demonstrated distinct selectivity trends between the four Fab variant libraries. For three of the Fab libraries, the CDR regions appeared as major binding sites for all multimodal ligands. In contrast, the fourth Fab library displayed a distinctly different chromatographic behavior, where Nuvia cPrime and related multimodal ligand prototypes provided markedly improved selectivity over Capto MMC. Clearly, the results illustrate that the discriminating power of multimodal ligands differs between different Fab fragments. The results are promising indications that multimodal chromatography using the appropriate multimodal ligands can be employed in downstream bioprocessing for challenging selective separation of product related variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first clarifies phenomenology in ways essential to demonstrating its basic concern with Nature and its recognition of individual and cultural differences as well as commonalities. It furthermore clarifies phenomenological methodology in ways essential to understanding the methodology itself, its purpose, and its consequences. These clarifications show how phenomenology, by hewing to the dynamic realities of life itself and experiences of life itself, counters reductive thinking and “embodiments” of one kind and another. On the basis of these clarifications, the paper then turns to detailing conceptual complementarities between phenomenology and the life sciences, particularly highlighting studies in coordination dynamics. In doing so, it brings to light fundamental relationships such as those between mind and motion and between intrinsic dynamics and primal animation. It furthermore highlights the common concern with origins in both phenomenology and evolutionary biology: the history of how what is present is related to its inception in the past and to its transformations from past to present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Bohr's complementarity principle was assessed in setups involving delayed choices. These works argued in favor of a reformulation of the aforementioned principle so as to account for situations in which a quantum system would simultaneously behave as wave and particle. Here we defend a framework that, supported by well-known experimental results and consistent with the decoherence paradigm, allows us to interpret complementarity in terms of correlations between the system and an informer. Our proposal offers formal definition and operational interpretation for the dual behavior in terms of both nonlocal resources and the couple work-information. Most importantly, our results provide a generalized information-based trade-off for the wave-particle duality and a causal interpretation for delayed-choice experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the spatial sampling of biomolecules is essential to understanding the structure–dynamics–function relationship. We have established a protocol for the determination of multiple-state ensembles based on exact measurements of the nuclear Overhauser effect (eNOE). The protocol is practical since it does not require any additional data, while all other NMR data sets must be supplemented by NOE restraints. The question arises as to how much structural and dynamics information is shared between the eNOEs and other NMR probes. We compile one of the largest and most diverse NMR data sets of a protein to date consisting of eNOEs, RDCs and J couplings for GB3. We show that the eNOEs improve the back-prediction of RDCs and J couplings, either upon use of more than one state, or in comparison to conventional NOEs. Our findings indicate that the eNOE data is self-consistent, consistent with other data, and that the structural representation with multiple states is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a trust region method for generalized semi-infinite programming problems is presented. The method is based on [O. Yi-gui, "A filter trust region method for solving semi-infinite programming problems", J. Appl. Math. Comput. 29, 311 (2009)]. We transformed the method from standard to generalized semi-infinite programming problems. The semismooth reformulation of the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions using nonlinear complementarity functions is used. Under some standard regularity condition from semi-infinite programming, the method is convergent globally and superlinearly. Numerical examples from generalized semi-infinite programming illustrate the performance of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most common activities in which humans engage is talking with each other, yet scientists reflecting on that activity have found it difficult to engage. Some have denied the possibility of scientific accounts of public language, but a broad array of theoretical, empirical, and methodological developments in the past 2 decades have challenged that pessimism. Interdisciplinary efforts are beginning to provide new possibilities for studying ordinary conversations as dynamic, embodied, dialogical activities that function in crucial ways in collaborative tasks. This special issue, which grew out of a conference, “Finding Common Ground: Social, Ecological, and Cognitive Perspectives on Language Use,” explores a small sample of these efforts. These articles, and others that are forthcoming, indicate something of the range and complexity of issues facing researchers, and they also illustrate the diversity and coherence required to address them successfully. Some of the themes that emerge are those of synergy, complementarity, conventions, affordances, idioms, specificity, and complexity matching. In each case, the arguments and evidence generate new questions and pose new possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A model of the Einstein-Bohr recoiling slit experiment is formulated in a fully quantum theoretical setting. In this model, the state and dynamics of a movable wall that has two slits in it, as well as the state of a particle incoming to the two slits, are described by quantum mechanics. Using this model, we analyzed complementarity between exhibiting an interference pattern and distinguishing the particle path. Comparing the Kennard-Robertson type and the Ozawa-type uncertainty relations, we conclude that the uncertainty relation involved in the double-slit experiment is not the Ozawa-type uncertainty relation but the Kennard-type uncertainty relation of the position and the momentum of the double-slit wall. A possible experiment to test the complementarity relation is suggested. It is also argued that various phenomena which occur at the interface of a quantum system and a classical system, including distinguishability, interference, decoherence, quantum eraser, and weak value, can be understood as aspects of entanglement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a theory for the complementarity in temporal interference and quantum erasure. We consider the case of entangled biphoton where we can get the information of single photon's arrival time without making a disturbing measurement. We find a mathematical equation for the complementary relation for a temporal double slit experiment. We also propose a quantum eraser scheme that will elucidate that the complementarity is originated from the quantum entanglement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Painlevé paradox is a well-known problem in non-smooth dynamics. Till now, all relevant researches only focus on the Painlevé paradox of a rigid rod sliding on a rough surface with large coefficient of friction $$\mu $$ . However, if the compliance of the whole rod is considered, the Painlevé paradox problem will transform into a 'bouncing phenomenon' caused by jam (self-locking), which has not been studied. The aim of this paper was to analyze the relationship between the Painlevé paradox of the rigid rod and the dynamic jam behavior of the elastic rod. The full transient method is used to calculate the dynamic response of elastic rod. In comparison with the rigid rod, the compliance of the whole rod will bring a different critical value of coefficient of friction $$\mu _\mathrm{c}$$ . The stress waves are excited by the abrupt change of the contact forces, and they propagate in the rod. A 'quasi-stick' state of the contact surface is found, which supports the feasibility of the single-point compliant contact model. In addition, the peak value of normal contact force $$F_{3}$$ and normal contact impulse $$P_{3}$$ is constant when the system parameters $$(\theta , \mu )$$ are located in the region of Painlevé paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide an interpretation of entanglement based on classical correlations between measurement outcomes of complementary properties: States that have correlations beyond a certain threshold are entangled. The reverse is not true, however. We also show that, surprisingly, all separable nonclassical states exhibit smaller correlations for complementary observables than some strictly classical states. We use mutual information as a measure of classical correlations, but we conjecture that the first result holds also for other measures (e.g., the Pearson correlation coefficient or the sum of conditional probabilities). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well established that spontaneous parametric down-conversion with induced coherence across two coupled interferometers results in high-visibility single-photon interference. We describe experiments in which additional photon channels are introduced such that "which-path" information is made possible and the fringe visibility in single-photon interference is reduced in accordance with basic notions of complementarity. However, these additional pathways result in nearly perfect visibility when photons are counted in coincidence. A simplified theoretical model accounts for these observations and attributes them directly to the vacuum fields at the different crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In single-component theories of dark matter, the 2 → 2 amplitudes for dark-matter production, annihilation, and scattering can be related to each other through various crossing symmetries. The detection techniques based on these processes are thus complementary. However, multicomponent theories exhibit an additional direction for dark-matter complementarity: the possibility of dark-matter decay from heavier to lighter components. We discuss how this new detection channel may be correlated with the others, and demonstrate that the enhanced complementarity which emerges can be an important ingredient in probing and constraining the parameter spaces of such models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AMPLE clusters and truncates ab initio protein structure predictions, producing search models for molecular replacement. Here, an interesting degree of complementarity is shown between targets solved using the different ab initio modelling programs QUARK and ROSETTA. Search models derived from either program collectively solve almost all of the all-helical targets in the test set. Initial solutions produced by Phaser after only 5 min perform surprisingly well, improving the prospects for in situ structure solution by AMPLE during synchrotron visits. Taken together, the results show the potential for AMPLE to run more quickly and successfully solve more targets than previously suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major unresolved problems in cosmochemistry is the origin of chondrules, once molten, spherical silicate droplets with diameters of 0.2 to 2 mm. Chondrules are an essential component of primitive meteorites and perhaps of all early solar system materials including the terrestrial planets. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed for their origin. Many carbonaceous chondrites are composed of about equal amounts of chondrules and fine-grained matrix. Recent data confirm that matrix in carbonaceous chondrites has high Si/Mg and Fe/Mg ratios when compared to bulk carbonaceous chondrites with solar abundance ratios. Chondrules have the opposite signature, low Si/Mg and Fe/Mg ratios. In some carbonaceous chondrites chondrules have low Al/Ti ratios, matrix has the opposite signature and the bulk is chondritic. It is shown in detail that these complementary relationships cannot have evolved on the parent asteroid(s) of carbonaceous chondrites. They reflect preaccretionary processes. Both chondrules and matrix must have formed from a single, solar-like reservoir. Consequences of complementarity for chondrule formation models are discussed. An independent origin and/or random mixing of chondrules and matrix can be excluded. Hence, complementarity is a strong constraint for all astrophysical–cosmochemical models of chondrule formation. Although chondrules and matrix formed from a single reservoir, the chondrule-matrix system was open to the addition of oxygen and other gaseous components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]