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BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of engaging unhoused peer ambassadors (PAs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination efforts to reach people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in Los Angeles County.MethodsFrom August to December 2021, vaccinated PAs aged ≥18 years who could provide informed consent were recruited during vaccination events for same-day participation. Events were held at encampments, service providers (eg, housing agencies, food lines, and mobile showers), and roving locations around Los Angeles. PAs were asked to join outreach alongside community health workers and shared their experience getting vaccinated, receiving a $25 gift card for each hour they participated. Postevent surveys evaluated how many PAs enrolled and how long they participated. In October 2021, we added a preliminary effectiveness evaluation of how many additional vaccinations were attributable to PAs. Staff who enrolled the PAs estimated the number of additional people vaccinated because of talking with the PA.ResultsA total of 117 PAs were enrolled at 103 events, participating for an average of 2 hours. At events with the effectiveness evaluation, 197 additional people were vaccinated over 167 PA hours ($21.19 gift card cost per additional person vaccinated), accounting for >25% of all vaccines given at these events.DiscussionRecruiting same-day unhoused PAs is a feasible, acceptable, and preliminarily effective technique to increase COVID-19 vaccination in unsheltered settings. The findings can inform delivery of other health services for people experiencing homelessness.

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccination is a priority for people experiencing homelessness. However, there are barriers to vaccine access driven in part by mistrust towards clinicians and healthcare. Community health workers (CHWs) and Peer Ambassadors (PAs) may be able to overcome mistrust in COVID-19 vaccine outreach. An unhoused PA program for COVID-19 vaccine outreach by CHWs was implemented in Los Angeles using a participatory academic-community partnership.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate CHW perspectives on an unhoused PA COVID-19 vaccine outreach program in Los Angeles.DesignThis study used a participatory community conference and qualitative focus groups to understand CHW perspectives on the PA program. The one-day conference was held in November 2021.ParticipantsOf the 42 conference participants, 19 CHWs participated in focus groups for two-way knowledge exchange between CHWs and researchers.ApproachFour focus groups were held during the conference, with 4-6 CHWs per group. Each group had a facilitator and two notetakers. Focus group notes were then analyzed using content analysis to derive categories of findings. CHWs reviewed the qualitative analysis to ensure that findings represented their experiences with the PA program.Key resultsThe five categories of findings from focus groups were as follows: (1) PAs were effective liaisons to their peers to promote COVID-19 vaccines; (2) CHWs recognized the importance of establishing genuine trust and equitable working relationships within CHW/PA teams; (3) there were tradeoffs of integrating unhoused PAs into the existing CHW workflow; (4) CHWs had initial misgivings about the research process; and (5) there were lingering questions about the ethics of "exploiting" the invaluable trust unhoused PAs have with unhoused communities.ConclusionsCHWs were in a unique position to empower unhoused PAs to take a leadership role in reaching their peers with COVID-19 vaccines and advocate for long-term employment and housing needs.

In Alabama, diabetes is ranked 13th for prominent health indicators impacting the state. Out of an estimated state population of 4.9 million, roughly 568,000 (11.6%) Alabamians are affected by diabetes. Furthermore, 9% of the population has been notified of having prediabetes, with approximately 35,700 new diabetes cases in 2022. The medical costs associated with diabetes continue to rise with a concomitant increase in disease incidence and prevalence. Racial health disparities impact African American/Black individuals with diabetes at disproportionate rates. In Alabama, there is a higher prevalence of diabetes among African Americans. Despite current medical interventions, African Americans remain at increased risk for developing complications of diabetes, specifically vision loss and blindness. Nationally, diabetes is the leading cause of new blindness in adults. Vision loss as a complication of diabetes is a growing problem across Alabama as the incidence and prevalence of the disease continue to rise. A staggering 131,000 vision loss cases impact Alabama's health care systems, costing the state an estimated $2.4 million annually. The impact on patients' quality of life is also alarming. In this review, we describe the burden of eye disease due to diabetes in Alabama and examine work being deployed across the state to address managed care barriers to eye health. We highlight the need to focus on health equity by linking community-based advocacy efforts with pharmaceutical industry partners to promote locally based efforts to help reduce the burden of diabetes across the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesterol increases in a nonlinear way with the level of chemoresistance of the human CEM acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the membrane cholesterol can modulate the P-glycoprotein ATPase activity. The analysis highlights the complex effect of cholesterol on the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and also the possibility of chemosensitizing resistant cells by the modulation of their membrane cholesterol content.

The cytosolic activating factor p67-phox is involved in both the assembly and activation of NADPH oxidase. P47-phox increases the affinity of p67 for cytochrome b(sub 558), and p40-phox stabilizes the resting state of the enzyme.