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Summary: Protein drugs own a large share in the market and hold great prospects for the treatment of many diseases. However, the available protein drugs are limited to the extracellular target, owing to the inefficient transduction and activity modulation of proteins targeting intracellular environment. In this study, we constructed ATP-charged platforms to overcome the above-mentioned barriers for cancer theranostics. The phenylboronic acid-modified polycations (PCD) were synthesized to assemble with enzymes and shield its activity in the blood circulation. When the PCD nanoclusters reached tumor site, they effectively transported the enzymes into the cells, followed by recovering its catalytic activity after being charged with ATP. Importantly, the cascaded enzyme systems (GOx&HRPA) selectively induced starvation therapy as well as photoacoustic imaging of tumor. Our results revealed that the intelligent nanoclusters were broadly applicable for protein transduction and enzyme activity modulation, which could accelerate the clinical translation of protein drugs toward intracellular target. : Medical Imaging; Catalysis; Cancer; Nanostructure Subject Areas: Medical Imaging, Catalysis, Cancer, Nanostructure

A glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin delivery system mimicking pancreas activity without long-term side effect has the potential to improve diabetic patients' health and quality of life. Here, we developed a novel glucose-responsive insulin delivery device using a painless microneedle-array patch containing insulin-loaded vesicles. Formed by self-assembly of hypoxia and H2O2 dual-sensitive diblock copolymer, the glucose-responsive polymersome-based vesicles (d-GRPs) can disassociate and subsequently release insulin triggered by H2O2 and hypoxia generated during glucose oxidation catalyzed by glucose specific enzyme. Moreover, the d-GRPs were able to eliminate the excess H2O2, which may lead to free radical-induced damage to skin tissue during the long-term usage and reduce the activity of GOx. In vivo experiments indicated that this smart insulin patch could efficiently regulate the blood glucose in the chemically induced type 1 diabetic mice for 10 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-folded redox/acid dual-responsive nanocarriers (RAD-NCs) are developed for physiologically triggered delivery of anticancer drugs. The evidenced redox/acid responsiveness, facile decoration of ligands, and active tumor-targeting capability of RAD-NCs suggest their potential as a promising formulation for tumor-targeted chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the high redox level of tumor microenvironment inhibits the oxidation treatment and the immune response. Topics include the maleimide liposome effectively depletes the intracellular glutathione and up-regulates reactive oxygen species in both tumor cells and dendritic cells; and tumor microenvironment as the "soil" of tumor cells, containing a variety of components, including transformed cells, blood vessels.

The article offers information on the role of the anti–programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy in the treatment of the Cancer. It report development of the nanocomplex composed of fluorinated polymerized chemokine receptor type 4 antagonism and paclitaxel-loaded human serum albumin for pulmonary delivery of anti–PD-L1 small interfering RNA to treat orthotopic lung tumors.