Search

Generative AI, represented by GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), is now leading the technological revolution and is reconstructing the journalism and communication industries’ ecosystems because of its powerful generative capacity and diverse range of outputs. While GPT is busy revolutionizing and innovating the production of news content, working patterns, and operation modes, it has also given rise to ethical concerns in regard to news authenticity, data security, humanistic values, and other related aspects. Therefore, it is imperative to initiate strategies and approaches, such as establishing a mechanism for verifying information authenticity, enhancing data security and privacy regulations, and instituting an ethical supervision and governance framework for AI, in order to facilitate the systematic advancement of AI-based news production while reinstating public trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic emission (AE) technology provides a novel approach for studying the damage and fracture behavior of wood‐plastic composites (WPCs) during their application process. This method allows rapid and precise analysis of the mechanical properties of materials, which is a significant advancement for the emerging WPC industry. Hence, a blend of waste floor sanding powder (FSP) and rice husk (RH) reinforced recycled high‐density polyethylene (Re‐HDPE) was prepared by the extrusion method. The AE technique, scanning electron microscopy, and finite element method (FEM) were used to analyze the damage and fracture behavior of the composite materials under a three‐point bending test. The results indicated that the bearing capacity of RH/Re‐HDPE composites was slightly higher than that of FSP/Re‐HDPE composites. The AE technique can better illustrate the damage evolution and fracture process of composites and determine the damage degree and mode. Matrix cracking and deformation were more pronounced in the FSP/Re‐HDPE composites. Fiber breakage and delamination were more prominent in the RH/Re‐HDPE composites. In addition, repeated loading caused irreversible damage to the composite. The increase in temperature led to the attenuation of the AE signal and a decrease in matrix strength. However, when the temperature reached a certain point, the cumulative AE ringing count increased again because the higher temperature improved the fiber–matrix interface strength, which partially canceled out the negative effect. In addition, Abaqus was used for simulation analysis, and the running results coincided with the experimental value. Highlights: RH/Re‐HDPE and FSP/Re‐HDPE are sustainability and low‐cost composites.AE can determine the degree and mode of damage of WPC at different temperatures.The AE curves of RH/Re‐HDPE and FSP/Re‐HDPE all pass through four stages.Heating reduced the matrix strength and improved the interface strength of WPC.The results of FEM were consistent with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have reported that abnormal interlimb coordination is a typical characteristic of motor developmental delay (MDD) during human movement, which can be visually manifested as abnormal motor postures. Clinically, the scale assessments are usually used to evaluate interlimb coordination, but they rely heavily on the subjective judgements of therapists and lack quantitative analysis. In addition, although abnormal interlimb coordination of MDD have been studied, it is still unclear how this abnormality is manifested in physiology-related kinematic features. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate how abnormal interlimb coordination of MDD during infant crawling was manifested in the stability of joints and limbs, activation levels of synergies and intrasubject consistency from the kinematic synergies of tangential velocities of joints perspective. Methods: Tangential velocities of bilateral shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle over time were computed from recorded three-dimensional joint trajectories in 40 infants with MDD [16 infants at risk of developmental delay, 11 infants at high risk of developmental delay, 13 infants with confirmed developmental delay (CDD group)] and 20 typically developing infants during hands-and-knees crawling. Kinematic synergies and corresponding activation coefficients were derived from those joint velocities using the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm. The variability accounted for yielded by those synergies and activation coefficients, and the synergy weightings in those synergies were used to measure the stability of joints and limbs. To quantify the activation levels of those synergies, the full width at half maximum and center of activity of activation coefficients were calculated. In addition, the intrasubject consistency was measured by the cosine similarity of those synergies and activation coefficients. Results: Interlimb coordination patterns during infant crawling were the combinations of four types of single-limb movements, which represent the dominance of each of the four limbs. MDD mainly reduced the stability of joints and limbs, and induced the abnormal activation levels of those synergies. Meanwhile, MDD generally reduced the intrasubject consistency, especially in CDD group. Conclusions: These features have the potential for quantitatively evaluating abnormal interlimb coordination in assisting the clinical diagnosis and motor rehabilitation of MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an emotion recognition model based on convolutional neural network (CNN), long short term memory (LSTM) and channel attention mechanism, aiming at the low classification accuracy of machine learning methods and the uneven spatial distribution of electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes. This model can effectively integrate the frequency, space and time information of EEG signals, and improve the accuracy of emotion recognition by adding channel attention mechanism after the last convolutional layer of the model. Firstly, construct a 4-dimensional structure representing EEG signals. Then, a CLSTM model structure combining CNN and LSTM is designed. CNN is used to extract frequency and spatial information from 4-dimensional input, and LSTM is used to extract time information. Finally, the channel attention module is added after the last convolutional layer of CLSTM model structure to allocate the weight of different electrodes. In this paper, an emotion recognition model based on CLSTM and channel attention mechanism was proposed from the perspective of integrating the frequency, space and time 3-dimensional information of EEG signals. The average classification accuracy of the model on SEED public data set reached 93.36%, which was significantly improved over the existing CNN and LSTM emotion recognition models.

Simple Summary: High ambient temperature is a significant factor contributing to economic losses in the poultry industry. Heat stress had adverse effects on the growth performance, reproductive performance, and egg production of poultry birds. However, the specific impact of heat stress on internal egg yolk quality parameters and the potential mechanisms of local chickens remain to be further studied. The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of heat exposure on internal egg yolk quality parameters and their possible mechanisms in Guangdong Province Xinyi Huaixiang chickens. Our results revealed that heat exposure (32 °C) for 6 weeks reduced yolk weight, yolk color, and egg weight. Additionally, we observed an upregulation of lipid metabolism-related genes, including SREBP-1c, ACACA, and FASN. These results provided valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of egg yolk quality changes induced by heat stress. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for mitigating the negative impact of heat stress on poultry production and improving the overall performance and well-being of poultry birds. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high temperature on internal egg yolk quality parameters and their possible mechanisms in Huaixiang chickens. This study consisted of two treatments, and each treatment had six replicates with six birds per cage. A total of seventy-two 26-week-old female Huaixiang chickens were randomly divided into a normal-temperature group (NT) and a high-temperature group (HT) for 6 weeks. And these hens were exposed to 25 ± 2 °C and 32 ± 2 °C, respectively. Their relative humidity was maintained at 55–65%. The results showed that the HT group significantly reduced yolk weight, yolk color, and egg weight compared to the NT group (p < 0.05). Heat stress caused vacuolar degeneration of the liver and reduced the absolute liver weight (p < 0.05). Both yolk triglyceride (TG) and liver TG in the HT group were significantly higher than in the NT group (p < 0.05). However, the liver total cholesterol (TC) level in the HT group was remarkably lower than that in the NT group (p < 0.05). Additionally, heat stress remarkably enhanced SREBP-1c, ACACA, and FASN lipid metabolism-related gene mRNA expression levels in Huaixiang chicken liver after 6 weeks of heat exposure (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HT group had remarkably reduced total amino acid, Cys, and Tyr levels in the yolk when compared with the NT group in our experiment (p < 0.05). In conclusion, heat stress causes egg yolk quality reduction and abnormal lipid metabolism in Huaixiang chickens. These findings provided novel insights into the role of high temperature on egg yolk parameters and the underlying mechanisms in Chinese indigenous laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pinecone is a lignocellulosic forest waste that has industrial value‐added importance in energy and material production. To deepen the functional utilization of agricultural and forestry waste, exploration of materials for high‐performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding prevents pollution from electromagnetic radiations. Herein, low cost, environment‐friendly, and efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing composites were obtained by simple and effective method using agricultural and forestry waste pinecone biochar (PB) as the carbon source and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) as a biodegradable thermoplastic matrix. The effect of biochar content, biochar chemical and physical modification on properties of composite, especially electrical conductivity and EMI shielding performance have been investigated. Results showed that the electromagnetic shielding property of the material increased with an increase in biochar content, and the value was 54.51 dB when the pine cone charcoal content was 55%. Furthermore, these composites also showed improved thermal stability and adequate mechanical strength. Compared to untreated biochar and add coupling agents, the pickling treatment of biochar was a more effective way to enhance the EMI shielding (to 41.23%) and other properties of the composite. Furthermore, the experimental results show that it is possible to produce fully biodegradable functional polymer composites from agricultural waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitory components were successfully screened and separated from Rosa rugosa cv. 'Plena' by high‐performance liquid chromatography microfractionation bioactive screening combined with several separation and purification methods. Ethyl acetate extract of Rosa rugosa cv. 'Plena' showed high antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. High‐speed countercurrent chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, and semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography were used for the preparative separation of four bioactive components from ethyl acetate extract. Two tyrosinase‐inhibiting active substances, flavogallonic acid, and N1‐N5‐N10‐tri‐4‐p‐coumaroylspermidine, were isolated from Rosa rugosa cv. 'Plena', and they showed great monophenolase inhibition activity (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration: 664.60 and 23.77 μg/ml, respectively) and excellent diphenolase inhibition activity (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration: 23 614.61 and 16.80 μg/ml, respectively). Meanwhile, gallic acid, flavogallonic acid, and ellagic acid were shown to have excellent 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl antioxidant activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration: 6.66, 20.17, and 13.45 μg/ml), and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) antioxidant activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration: 3.53, 3.83, and 2.78 μg/ml). Molecular docking revealed that flavogallonic acid and N1‐N5‐N10‐tri‐4‐p‐coumaroylspermidine had a strong binding affinity (–9.3 and –10 kcal/mol, respectively) to tyrosinase through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of unique and robust luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) with new mechanisms and superior stability is urgently needed for multidimensional sensing applications; however, this remains a huge challenge. Herein, defective neomangiferin–ZIF-8, a novel LMOF with a unique ligand–ligand charge transfer mechanism, was fabricated by a facile de novo strategy. The obtained neomangiferin–ZIF-8 is highly stable with a reversible solvatochromic behavior and hydrogen-bonding-induced quenching effect. Thus, neomangiferin–ZIF-8 has been developed for the ultrafast (<1 s) visual differentiation of aprotic/protic solvents, and the rapid (8 s) and sensitive detection of trace water in organic solvents with high sensitivity (limit of detection 0.01–0.30%). Besides, the on-site real-time sensing of relative humidity in air with satisfying selectivity and reversibility was realized based on solid-state fluorescence. The excellent fluorescence properties of neomangiferin–ZIF-8 have demonstrated great potential in real environmental applications, and the proposed defect-engineering strategy offers guidance for the construction of novel LMOFs sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mattresses' pressure relief performance and comfort largely affect sleep quality. Mattress filling materials have been proven to affect the interface pressure distribution and comfort, but the effect of mattress structure is unclear. In this paper, the interface pressure distribution and subjective comfort of 10 subjects were assessed in the different bedding layer structures of mattresses, after mattress support performance was tested. The results show that the mattresses with bedding material hardness gradually increasing from the top layer to the bottom layer (BMH-ITTB) structure have a softer surface layer, a better support core layer, and higher fitness. This enables the mattress to achieve a better decompression effect. The low-pressure area (PAI ≤0.67kPa) increased, while the high-pressure area (PAI ≥2.67kPa and PAI ≥4.00kPa), maximum pressure (P 95), average pressure (P 50), and pressure index (PI) decreased. This also enables the mattress to achieve higher subjective comfort scores. • Mattresses with the same material but different structures provide different support. • A mattress with a BMH-ITTB structure achieves a better decompression effect. • A mattress with a BMH-ITTB structure achieves higher subjective comfort scores. • The correlations between the mattress support, pressure and comfort were reported. • Some indicators are considered important in mattress pressure relief design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]