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With the development and progress of society, people’s average life expectancy has increased, and relevant literature reports that the number of postmenopausal women in China continues to increase. With lifespans extended, the transition period and post-menopause period have become the longest essential period in every woman’s life. The life quality of women troubled by perimenopausal syndrome has been significantly reduced, which also places a burden on families and society. It is well known that hormone replacement therapy plays a vital role in improving women’s menopause-related symptoms and is the most effective medical measure. With research ongoing into the treatment of menopausal symptoms in different patients, dose size, treatment duration, and medication regimens for hormones are still hot topics of discussion. This article reviews the definition, clinical diagnosis, staging, clinical manifestations, and treatment of menopause and explores the current diagnosis and treatment scenarios of perimenopausal syndrome.

Existing research on advertising structures in a supply chain has mainly been conducted with symmetric quality information and the interaction between quality information disclosure and advertising has not been clarified. To identify the optimal advertising structure and disclosure strategy for a manufacturer, we explore manufacturer advertising and cooperative advertising in the context of product quality information asymmetry. We examine the implications of the manufacturer's product quality information disclosure on his advertising strategies and the impact of advertising on quality information disclosure decisions. When cooperative advertising is more effective than manufacturer advertising and the product quality is low, the manufacturer should adopt manufacturer advertising, which leads to higher perceived quality and improves the retailer's economic condition. We find that advertising can inspire the manufacturer to disclose more product quality information regardless of the advertising structure, which occurs when the effectiveness of advertising is large. Furthermore, the manufacturer, the retailer, and consumers can benefit from cooperative advertising when cooperative advertising is more effective than manufacturer advertising and the product quality is high. We also consider an extension where the manufacturer and retailer advertise simultaneously and find that advertising leads to more quality information being disclosed when the disclosure cost is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extraction of uranium from seawater could be capable of meeting the maintenance supply of nuclear energy fuel for thousands of years into the future. However, the low capture capacity of conventional microporous adsorbents for uranyl ions is attributed to the electrostatic repulsion of the adsorbed ions, which hinders the migration of foreign metal ions inside the pore channels. Here, we adopt silica of 10–20 nm size as a template to obtain two porous aromatic framework (PAF) adsorbents with mesoporous cavities. Meso-PAFs provide large channels for the rapid adsorption of uranyl ions with a capacity of ∼200 mg g−1 in 1 h (∼10 ppm). Notably, they exhibit an average adsorption capacity of 12.4 mg g−1 during a 20-day extraction from natural seawater, nearly tenfold higher than that of the classical amidoxime-based microporous materials (POP-AO, 1.32 mg g−1). This study provides inspiration for preparing PAFs containing mesoporous channels to provide large enrichment space and alleviate electrostatic repulsion, suggesting a reliable scheme for the future high-performance extraction of nuclear energy from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the combination of abnormal systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) levels and hyperglycemia increased the risk of cognitive function decline and reduced survival rate in the United States. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2011–2014 and enrolled 1,447 participants aged 60 years or older. Restricted cubic splines (RCS), linear regression and kaplan-meier(KM) curve were employed to explore the combined effects of abnormal SII and hyperglycemia on cognitive function and survival rate, and subgroup analysis was also conducted. Results: The RCS analysis revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between lgSII levels and cognitive function. Linear regression analysis indicated that neither abnormal SII nor diabetes alone significantly contributed to the decline in cognitive function compared to participants with normal SII levels and blood glucose. However, when abnormal SII coexisted with diabetes (but not prediabetes), it resulted to a significant decline in cognitive function. After adjusting for various confounding factors, these results remained significant in Delayed Word Recall (β:-0.76, P<0.05) and Digit Symbol Substitution tests (β:-5.02, P<0.05). Nevertheless, these results showed marginal significance in Total Word Recall test as well as Animal Fluency test. Among all subgroup analyses performed, participants with both abnormal SII levels and diabetes exhibited the greatest decline in cognitive function compared to those with only diabetes. Furthermore, KM curve demonstrated that the combination of abnormal SII levels and diabetes decreased survival rate among participants. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the impact of diabetes on cognitive function/survival rate is correlated with SII levels, indicating that their combination enhances predictive power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foveal load hypothesis assumes that the ease (or difficulty) of processing the currently fixated word in a sentence can influence processing of the upcoming word(s), such that parafoveal preview is reduced when foveal load is high. Recent investigations using pseudo-character previews reported an absence of foveal load effects in Chinese reading. Substantial Chinese studies to date provide some evidence to show that parafoveal words may be processed orthographically, phonologically, or semantically. However, it has not yet been established whether parafoveal processing is equivalent in terms of the type of parafoveal information extracted (orthographic, phonological, semantic) under different foveal load conditions. Accordingly, the present study investigated this issue with two experiments. Participants' eye movements were recorded as they read sentences in which foveal load was manipulated by placing a low- or high-frequency word N preceding a critical word. The preview validity of the upcoming word N + 1 was manipulated in Experiment 1, and word N + 2 in Experiment 2. The parafoveal preview was either identical to word N + 1(or word N + 2); orthographically related; phonologically related; semantically related; or an unrelated pseudo-character. The results showed robust main effects of frequency and preview type on both N + 1 and N + 2. Crucially, however, interactions between foveal load and preview type were absent, indicating that foveal load does not modulate the types of parafoveal information processed during Chinese reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic is a well‐known environmental toxicant and emerging evidence suggests that arsenic exposure has potential skeletal muscle toxicity; however, the underlying mechanism has not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation among adverse effects of subchronic and chronic environmental arsenic exposure on skeletal muscle as well as specific myokines secretion and angiotensin II (AngII)–melatonin (MT) axis in rats. Four‐week‐old rats were exposed to arsenite (iAs) in drinking water at environmental relevant concentration of 10 ppm for 3 or 9 months. Results indicated that the gastrocnemius muscle had atrophied and its mass was decreased in rats exposed to arsenite for 9 months, whereas, they had no significant changes in rats exposed to arsenite for 3 months. The levels of serum‐specific myokine irisin and gastrocnemius muscle insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) were increased in 3‐month exposure group and decreased in 9‐month exposure group, while serum myostatin (MSTN) was increased significantly in 9‐month exposure group. In addition, serum AngII level increased both in 3‐ and 9‐month exposure groups, while serum MT level increased in 3‐month exposure group and decreased in 9‐month exposure group. Importantly, the ratio of AngII to MT level in serum increased gradually with the prolongation of arsenite exposure. It showed a certain correlation between AngII–MT axis and gastrocnemius muscle mass, gastrocnemius muscle level of IGF‐1 or serum levels of irisin and MSTN. In conclusion, the disruption of AngII–MT axis balance may be a significant factor for skeletal muscle atrophy induced by chronic environmental arsenic exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) alleviates brain ischemic injury through several pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress modulation. Sarco endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase(SERCA2) which plays vital role in calcium homeostasis regulation could modulate ER stress logically. This study aimed to investigate whether RIPostC exerts its neuroprotective effect by reducing ER stress mediated by SERCA2. Male SD rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion, with the RIPostC group undergoing 3 cycles of bilateral femoral artery clamping and reperfusion at the beginning of reperfusion. Stroke outcome was assessed based on infarct volume and neurological function evaluation. Protein levels of SERCA2 and other ER stress markers were measured using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry techniques. Compared to the sham group, we observed that RIPostC can effectively reduce cerebral infarct volume after I/R (34.55%: 21.03%; p =.004) and improve neurological function deficit (9.67:12.5; p =.029). Additionally, RIPostC increased SERCA2 protein expression and decreased the protein level of glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p‐eIF2α) and CCAAT/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Furthermore, B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) expression was increased, while Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved‐caspase‐3 was decreased in response to application of RIPostC. Our results suggest that RIPostC improves the prognosis of tMCAO rats, possibly by inhibiting the ER stress mediated by SERCA2, facilitating apoptosis downregulation. The significance of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the protective mechanism of ischemic stroke by RIPostC. Research Highlights: Our results suggest that RIPostC improves the prognosis of tMCAO rats, possibly by inhibiting the ER stress mediated by SERCA2, facilitating apoptosis downregulation, thus achieving a neuroprotective effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]