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This paper proposes proportional-integral/proportional gain controller parameter tuning in a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) control system using the fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT) method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed control using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for a high-frequency SiC MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor) inverter. The PI-P (proportional-integral/proportional) controller parameters can be tuned using the FRIT method from one-shot experimental data without using a mathematical model of the plant. Particle swarm optimization is used for FRIT optimization. An inverter that uses a SiC MOSFET is presented to achieve high-frequency operation at up to100 kHz using a switching pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique. As a result, a high-responsivity and high-stability PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) control system is achieved, where the speed response follows the ideal response characteristic for both the step response and the disturbance response. High-responsivity and optimal disturbance rejection can be achieved using the 2DOF control system. FPGA-based digital hardware control is used to maximize the switching frequency of the SiC MOSFET inverter. Finally, an experimental system is set up, and experimental results are presented to prove the viability of the proposed method.

Theorizing "Religion" in Antiquity This book is important for its theoretical scope and the various perspectives it offers on the topic of "religion" in antiquity. Donald Wiebe is interested in teasing out the relevance of the early Greek philosophers for an early development or consciousness of a particular scientific study of religion and religions. [Extracted from the article]

With this unique, well-written monograph, Lisa Bowens explores the ways in which African Americans engaged with Paul's writing to stand against slavery, racism, and white supremacy, while also affirming their humanity. Bowens uses the last chapter, Chapter 5, to reflect on the art of interpretation, especially African American interpretations of Paul. Bowens argues too that for African American interpreters, Paul needs to be read and understood by the power of the Spirit and in connection with the very embodiment of his message within the concrete social circumstances of the readers and interpretative communities. [Extracted from the article]

In both Tobit and the parable of the Prodigal Son in Luke 15:11-32 there is featured a father-son relationship that revolves around the extended journey of the son and the son’s return to his father. This paper explores the figure of the traveling son in Tobit in close parallel with that of the traveling son in Luke 15:11-32. The aim is to indicate not solely similarities and contrasts between the two narratives but to show how Tobit might have been used as a source for the Lukan composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: Identificar uma possível relação entre o grau evolutivo da apendicite aguda, a idade cronológica e a duração do período de internação. MÉTODO: Análise retrospectiva de 272 pacientes submetidos à apendicectomia quanto ao grau evolutivo da apendicite e seu respectivo período de internação. A evolução do processo inflamatório foi classificada pelo exame histopatológico em quatro graus: catarral, flegmonosa, supurativa e gangrenosa. RESULTADOS: A distribuição quanto ao sexo mostrou maior incidência em homens, com 193 casos (70%) e a média de idade foi de 29 anos. O período médio de internação foi de 4,3 dias. A incidência dos diferentes graus evolutivos foi de 88 casos (32,3%) para o tipo catarral, 79 (29%) flegmonosa, 70 (25,7%) supurativa e 35 (12,8%) gangrenosa. A análise da média de idade e tempo de internação relacionados ao grau evolutivo da apendicite aguda, respectivamente, foi de 27,9 anos e 3,7 dias (catarral), 28,4 anos e 3,9 dias (flegmonosa), 30,1 anos e cinco dias (supurativa) e 35 anos e 5,2 dias (gangrenosa). Ao agruparmos os graus obtivemos as médias de 28,1 anos e 3,8 dias para os tipos catarral/flegmonosa e 30,7 anos e cinco dias para supurativa/gangrenosa. Foi observada uma correlação significativa entre o grau de evolução da apendicite e o tempo de internação (p=0.01) e entre a idade e o grau evolutivo (p=0.01). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes portadores de graus evolutivos mais avançados de apendicite aguda situam-se em faixa etária mais elevadas e tem tempo de internação mais prolongado.

This paper proposes proportional-integral/proportional gain controller parameter tuning in a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) control system using the fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT) method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed control using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for a high-frequency SiC MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor) inverter. The PI-P (proportional-integral/proportional) controller parameters can be tuned using the FRIT method from one-shot experimental data without using a mathematical model of the plant. Particle swarm optimization is used for FRIT optimization. An inverter that uses a SiC MOSFET is presented to achieve high-frequency operation at up to100 kHz using a switching pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique. As a result, a high-responsivity and high-stability PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) control system is achieved, where the speed response follows the ideal response characteristic for both the step response and the disturbance response. High-responsivity and optimal disturbance rejection can be achieved using the 2DOF control system. FPGA-based digital hardware control is used to maximize the switching frequency of the SiC MOSFET inverter. Finally, an experimental system is set up, and experimental results are presented to prove the viability of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Book of Revelation is an ambiguous, dc-colonizing text that is normally read in Haiti, so as to re-colonize. The present study rejects the standard colonizing reading and proposes a postcolonial reading in the Haitian context. The proposed reading is intended to help the Christian churches in Haiti articulate a form ofpolitical-rcligious resistance to the pretensions to divinization that modern neo-colonial forces impose on the people. This new reading seeks to empower oppressed Haitians to read the text in a liberative way. This fragile sky has tcrrified you your whole life. Silence terrifies you more than the pounding of a million pieces of steel chopping away at your flesh. Sometimes, you dream of hearing only the beating ofyour own heart, but this has never been the case. You have never been able to escape the pounding of a thousand other hearts that have outlived yours by thousands of years. And over the years when you have needed us, you have always cried "Krik?" and we have answered "Krak!" and it has shown us that you have not forgotten us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the second half of Excavating Q: The History and Setting of The Sayings Gospel by John S. Kloppenborg. The aim is to argue that, despite Kloppenborg's accurate criticism of biblical scholarship as it relates to Q and Christian origins, his project articulates latent ideological expectations that are unacceptable from a postcolonial point of view. He fails to address such issues as race and ideology in the formation of modern biblical scholarship, the marginalizing of non-European scholarships as they relate to the study of Q and Christian origins, and the oddity in studying Q in other cultural milieus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joseph and Aseneth is borne out of a certain construction of the Other. It is written with the objective of explaining or justifying to fellow Jews and Jewish sympathizers the intrusion of a non-Jewish woman (Aseneth, the daughter of an Egyptian priest) into the life of a biblical hero, Joseph. This study demonstrates that a postcolonial reading of this ancient tale can shed significant light on the different constructions of Otherness and gender relationships manufactured in the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the Sioux Indians' religion, including the sacred pipe myth, was recorded on a buffalo-hide tipi. These paintings were on the inside of the tipi, although an extant model in Berlin's Royal Museum of Ethnology presents them on the outside for display purposes. The Berlin museum came into possession of the original from a French nobleman who had acquired it through a Quebec collection of artifacts captured from the Sioux. It remained in storage until 1900 when an artist-ethnographer with a description of the tipi from a Sioux medicine man discovered it in the museum's storage. Interpretations of the paintings are here presented insofar as they are understood. Some meanings are still unknown, as is the overall theory and plan of the figures. However, it is clear that they represent the theology of the Sioux in many of its aspects. It may have served to aid memorization of songs, traditions, and dances.

The last portrait of Oglala Sioux Chief Red Cloud (Mahpiya Luta) was painted shortly before his death in 1909 by German artist Friederich Weygold, who painted and preserved many aspects of American Indian life.

The article reviews the book "Jesus and the Powers: Conflict, Covenant, and the Hope of the Poor" by Richard A. Horsley.

Cytoprotective functions of a 20S proteasome activator were investigated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Blm10 and human 20S proteasome activator 200 (PA200) are homologs. Comparative genome-wide analyses of untreated diploid cells lacking Blm10 and growing at steady state at defined growth rates revealed downregulation of numerous genes required for accurate chromosome structure, assembly and repair, and upregulation of a specific subset of genes encoding protein-folding chaperones. Blm10 loss or truncation of the Ubp3/Blm3 deubiquitinating enzyme caused massive chromosomal damage and cell death in homozygous diploids after phleomycin treatments, indicating that Blm10 and Ubp3/Blm3 function to stabilize the genome and protect against cell death. Diploids lacking Blm10 also were sensitized to doxorubicin, hydroxyurea, 5-fluorouracil, rapamycin, hydrogen peroxide, methyl methanesulfonate, and calcofluor. Fluorescently tagged Blm10 localized in nuclei, with enhanced fluorescence after DNA replication. After DNA damage that caused a classic G2/M arrest, fluorescence remained diffuse, with evidence of nuclear fragmentation in some cells. Protective functions of Blm10 did not require the carboxyl-terminal region that makes close contact with 20S proteasomes, indicating that protection does not require this contact or the truncated Blm10 can interact with the proteasome apart from this region. Without its carboxyl-terminus, Blm10((-339aa)) localized to nuclei in untreated, nonproliferating (G(0)) cells, but not during G(1) S, G(2), and M. The results indicate Blm10 functions in protective mechanisms that include the machinery that assures proper assembly of chromosomes. These essential guardian functions have implications for ubiquitin-independent targeting in anticancer therapy. Targeting Blm10/PA200 together with one or more of the upregulated chaperones or a conventional treatment could be efficacious.