Search

Abstract Recently, nonrevisiting genetic algorithms have demonstrated superior capabilities compared with classic genetic algorithms and other single-objective evolutionary algorithms. However, the search efficiency of nonrevisiting genetic algorithms is currently low for some complex optimisation problems. This study proposes a nonrevisiting genetic algorithm with a multi-region guided search to improve the search efficiency. The search history is stored in a binary space partition (BSP) tree, where each searched solution is assigned to a leaf node and corresponds to a search region in the search space. To fully exploit the search history, several optimal solutions in the BSP tree are archived to represent the most potential search regions and estimate the fitness landscape in the search space. Except for the conventional genetic operations, the offspring can also be generated through multi-region guided search strategy, where the current solution is first navigated to one of the candidate search regions and is further updated towards the direction of the optimal solution in the search history to speedup convergence. Thus, multi-region guided search can reduce the possibility of getting trapped in local optima when solving problems with complex landscapes. The experimental results on different types of test suites reveal the competitiveness of the proposed algorithm in comparison with several state-of-the-art methods.

Abstract The rapid development of UAV communication technology makes it have application potential in wireless systems. However, for the optimization problem of UAV base station providing communication for ground personnel in the disaster area under special natural disasters, traditional deep reinforcement learning is used. Algorithms cannot solve such problems well. This article proposes the AD3QN algorithm combined with the attention mechanism, which can communicate with disaster victims on the ground better and more quickly, providing better information collection for rescue missions and completing the task of communication optimization. In the mission simulation environment, in order to make the environment more realistic, we innovatively designed the ground user distribution model, air-to-ground communication model, and electromagnetic interference model. Finally, the effect of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparing different deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The results show that the algorithm we proposed can provide communication services faster and has higher practicability in terms of algorithm.

Abstract Background and purpose To determine the risk factors for puncture-related complications after the distal transradial approach (dTRA) for cerebrovascular angiography and neuroendovascular intervention and to explore the incidence and potential mechanisms of procedural failure and puncture-related complications. Materials and methods From February to November 2023, 62 patients underwent dTRA in our department. Demographic, clinical, and procedural data were collected retrospectively. Postoperative puncture-related complications were defined as a syndrome of major hematoma, minor hematoma, arterial spasm/occlusion, arteriovenous fistula, pseudoaneurysm, and neuropathy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify significant factors contributing to puncture-related complications. Results Forty-five diagnostic cerebral angiograms and 17 neurointerventions were performed or attempted with dTRA in 62 patients. Procedural success was achieved via dTRA in 47 (75.8%) patients, whereas 15 (24.2%) required conversion to other approaches. Reasons for failure included puncture failure (n = 8), inability to cannulate due to arterial spasm (n = 6), and inadequate catheter support of the left vertebral artery (n = 1). 17.0% (8/47) of patients had postoperative puncture-related complications. Minor hematoma occurred in 8.5% (4/47) of patients, arterial spasm/occlusion in 6.3% (3/47), and neuropathy in 2.1% (1/47). No major complications were observed. On stepwise multivariable regression analysis, BMI (OR = 0.70, 95%CI 0.513 to 0.958; p = 0.026) was an independent risk factor for puncture-related complications, with a cut-off of 24.8 kg/m2 (sensitivity 66.7% and specificity 87.5%). Conclusion Our cohort is the first study of risk factors for puncture-related complications after neurointerventional interventions with dTRA. This study has shown that a low BMI (

Abstract Neurons often grow highly branched and cell-type specific dendrite morphologies to receive and integrate information, which is the basis of precise neural circuit formation. Previous studies have identified numerous mechanisms that promote dendrite branching. In contrast, it is much less understood how this process is negatively regulated. Here we show that EAT-17/EVI5 acts together with the dynein adaptor protein BICD-1 and the motor protein dynein in C. elegans epidermal cells to restrict branching of PVD sensory dendrites. Loss-of-function mutants of these genes cause both ectopic branching and accumulation of the dendrite branching ligand SAX-7/L1CAM on epidermal plasma membranes. Mutants of genes regulating endo-lysosomal trafficking, including rab-5/RAB5 and dyn-1/DNM1, show similar defects. Biochemical characterization, genetic analysis, and imaging results support that EAT-17 and BICD-1 directly interact with each other and function in the endocytic degradation pathway to remove ectopically localized dendrite branching ligands to restrict abnormal branching.

Earth’s near space, located in the region between 20 and 100 km above sea level, is characterized by extreme conditions, such as low temperature, low atmospheric pressure, harsh radiation, and extreme dryness. These conditions are analogous to those found on the surface of Mars and in the atmosphere of Venus, making Earth’s near space a unique natural laboratory for astrobiological research. To address essential astrobiological questions, teams from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have developed a scientific balloon platform, the CAS Balloon-Borne Astrobiology Platform (CAS-BAP), to study the effects of near space environmental conditions on the biology and survival strategies of representative organisms in this terrestrial analog. Here, we describe the versatile Biological Samples Exposure Payload (BIOSEP) loaded on the CAS-BAP with respect to its structure and function. The primary function of BIOSEP is to expose appropriate biological specimens to the harsh conditions of near space and subsequently return the exposed samples to laboratories for further analysis. Four successful flight missions in near space from 2019 to 2021 have demonstrated the high reliability and efficiency of the payload in communicating between hardware and software units, recording environmental data, exposing sample containers, protecting samples from external contamination, and recovering samples. Understanding the effects of Earth’s near space conditions on biological specimens will provide valuable insights into the survival strategies of organisms in extreme environments and the search for life beyond Earth. The development of BIOSEP and associated biological exposure experiments will enhance our understanding of the potential for life on Mars and the habitability of the atmospheric regions of other planets in the solar system and beyond.

BackgroundPrevious research on chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has predominantly focused on short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs), and few studies could simultaneously determine short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs). Simultaneous extraction and determination of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in PM2.5 could provide technical support for their environmental monitoring and human health risk assessment.ObjectiveTo establish a method based on QUEChERS pretreatment method in conjunction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry for simultaneously determining the levels of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in PM2.5. MethodsThe extraction solvents, extraction salts, and extraction steps of a QuEChERS method were optimized. The extraction efficiencies of the target substances were compared under 4 extraction solvents [acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and n-hexane solvents in sequence; acetonitrile: dichloromethane: n-hexane = 1: 1: 2 (v/v/v) mixed solvent; 1% acetic acid-acetonitrile: dichloromethane: n-hexane = 1: 1: 1 (v/v/v) mixed solvent; acetonitrile: dichloromethane: n-hexane = 1: 1: 1 (v/v/v) mixed solvent], 2 dehydrated salts (anhydrous MgSO4+NaCl and anhydrous Na2SO4+NaCl), 2 purification salts (C18 and PSA), and 4 vortex time (5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 min) conditions. Then internal standard was utilized to estimate linear range and detection limit of the refined QuEChERS approach. ResultsThe linearities of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs were good in the range of 10~1000 ng·mL−1 with the correlation coefficients all greater than 0.96. The method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 0.01 to 0.29 ng·m−3. The spiked recoveries of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs at the low, medium, and high concentrations were 77.38%-81.64%, 93.11%-99.78%, and 87.41%-101.39%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.90%-12.84%. This method was used to determine the CPs levels in 11 PM2.5 samples from Shijiazhuang. The positive rates of ∑SCCPs, ∑MCCPs, and ∑LCCPs were all 100%, the concentration ranges were 0.24-2.18 ng·m−3 (mean 0.84 ng·m−3), 0.17-1.67 ng·m−3 (mean 0.70 ng·m−3), and 0.01-0.16 ng·m−3 (mean 0.04 ng·m−3), respectively, and the percentages to ΣCPs were 52.95%, 44.39%, and 2.66%, respectively. ConclusionThe method established in this study is simple, time-saving, solvent saving, and can simultaneously detect SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in PM2.5, which is suitable for the determination of PM2.5 samples in large quantities, and can also provide a reference for the detection methods of other halogenated organic compounds in PM2.5.

Abstract Supramolecular polymers possess great potential in catalysis owing to their distinctive molecular recognition and dynamic crosslinking features. However, investigating supramolecular electrocatalysts with high efficiency in oxygen reduction reaction to hydrogen peroxide (ORHP) remains an unexplored frontier. Herein, we present organic polymers for ORHP by introducing cyclodextrin-containing noncovalent building blocks, affording these supramolecules with abundant dynamic bonds. The electronic states and reaction kinetics are further well-modulated via a host-guest strategy, resulting in appropriate regional electron binding force and controllable chemical activity. Notably, integrating supramolecular units into phenyl group-containing model covalent polymer achieves a production rate of 9.14 mol g−1 cat h−1, with 98.01% Faraday efficiency, surpassing most reported metal-free electrocatalysts. Moreover, the dynamic bonds in supramolecular catalysts can effectively regulate the binding ability of oxygen intermediates, leading to high reactivity and selectivity for the 2e− pathway. Supported by theory calculation and in situ experiment, C atoms (site–1) adjacent to the –C = N (N) group are potential active sites. This work pioneers host-guest strategy and provides inspiring ideas for the ORHP process.

Abstract Phase change materials have been widely exploited in active metasurfaces due to their large index contrast. Despite recent advances in phase-change metasurfaces, it remains a challenge to integrate diverse reconfigurable optical functionalities into a single metasurface. Here, we demonstrate an effective strategy to realize reconfigurable wavefront control by combining a Ge2Sb2Te5-rod array with laser writing technology. Through arbitrarily modifying the position and power of laser source, the laser writing process helps to realize site-selective and multi-level phase change of Ge2Sb2Te5 rods. Due to multi-level switching for optical properties of Ge2Sb2Te5 material, the Ge2Sb2Te5-rod array offers complete phase control and high amplitude modulation. Subsequently, various optical devices are designed in numerical simulation, including a phase-only hologram, dynamic meta-deflectors, a grayscale image and a perfect absorber. The structured Ge2Sb2Te5-based metasurface with the combination of laser writing technology offers an effective way to explore various types of optical functionalities in the same device.

Abstract Purpose Mutations in ARID1A frequently occur in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. However, there are currently no clinical treatment options specifically addressing this aberration. The preliminary in vitro experiments revealed a synthetic lethal interaction between ARID1A and Aurora kinase A (AURKA) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods We collected samples from 80 CRC patients and evaluated the efficacy of AURKA inhibitor (AURKAi) using the ATP-tumor chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) on untreated ARID1A-proficient (ARID1A +) and ARID1A-deficient (ARID1A-) CRC patient samples. In addition, we validated this result by a clonogenic assay. Additionally, we examined the effects of AURKA inhibitors on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in ARID1A + and ARID1A- CRC patient samples using flow cytometry. Results The results showed that AURKAi selectively inhibited the growth of ARID1A- CRC cells. Furthermore, AURKA inhibitors significantly increased G2/M arrest and induced apoptosis in ARID1A- cells. Conclusion We believe that AURKAi hold promise as potential therapeutics for ARID1A mutation colorectal cancer patients.

Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a significant commensal gram-negative bacterium that can give rise to various diseases. The roles of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in sepsis induced by E. coli infection remain unclear. Methods: In vivo, we investigated differences in mortality, production of inflammatory mediators, organ damage, neutrophil count, and bacterial load during E. coli infection in C57BL/6J mice, as well as in mice deficient in TLR2 or NLRP3. In vitro, we investigated the impact of E. coli on the activation of TLR2 and NLRP3 in macrophages and the influence of TLR2 and NLRP3 on the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and the secretion of inflammatory mediators in macrophages induced by E. coli infection. Results: TLR2-deficient (TLR2−/−) and NLRP3-deficient (NLRP3−/−) mice exhibit significantly increased mortality and organ damage after E. coli infection. These mice also show elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in serum and peritoneal lavage fluid. Additionally, TLR2−/− and NLRP3−/− mice display heightened neutrophil recruitment and increased bacterial load in the blood. Furthermore, macrophages from these mice demonstrate a significant reduction in the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion: TLR2 and NLRP3 play crucial roles in modulating inflammatory mediator expression, immune cell recruitment, and bactericidal activity, thereby preventing excessive tissue damage and reducing mortality in E. coli-induced sepsis.

Abstract The conversion of methanol over zeolites offers a sustainable alternative for fuels and chemicals production. However, a complete understanding of the competing reaction pathways, particularly those leading to C-C bond formation, remains elusive. This work presents a novel mechanism for selective methanol conversion in ZSM-5 zeolites, involving a Brønsted acid site (BAS)-mediated Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction pathway. Employing a multidimensional solid-state NMR spectroscopy combined with isotopic labeling and theoretical calculations, we identify this pathway for acetaldehyde reduction with methanol, directly contributing to ethene formation. This mechanism, involving carbenium ion intermediates like 1-hydroxyethane or 1-methoxyethane ions, contrasts with the well-established Lewis acid-catalyzed MPV process. Based on reactant adsorption modes, we propose two distinct reaction routes for BAS-MPV reduction, bridging the gap between direct and hydrocarbon pool mechanisms in methanol conversion. We further demonstrate the applicability of this pathway to acetone, highlighting its broader role in the early stages of the reaction.

Highlights The review provides a brief overview of the basic structure, operating mechanism, and key performance indicators of flexible graphene field-effect transistors. The review details the preparation strategy of flexible graphene field-effect transistors focusing on material selection and patterning techniques. The review analyzes the latest strategies for developing wearable and implantable flexible biomedical sensors based on flexible graphene field-effect transistors.

Abstract Background Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by resistance to androgens, mainly due to mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. It can manifest as complete AIS, partial AIS and mild AIS. While there have been studies linking specific AR gene mutations to AIS phenotypes, different clinical AIS phenotypes are also reported in patients with the same AR gene mutation. So far, the precise correlations between phenotypes and genotypes remain incompletely understood. Methods We conducted a thorough investigation involving four patients diagnosed with different types of AIS from a single Chinese family. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and fertility outcomes were well-documented. Furthermore, we performed genetic sequencing to detect possible pathogenetic variants. Results Whole exome sequencing identified a hemizygous missense variant (c.2263T > C; p.Phe755Leu) of AR gene in all four affected patients with different degrees of undermasculinisation and heterogeneous spermatogenesis. The proband, diagnosed with partial AIS, opted for treatment with donated sperm due to non-obstructive azoospermia, while their older sibling, diagnosed with complete AIS, was raised as a girl. His two maternal uncles were both diagnosed with mild AIS, the older uncle fathered two girls naturally, whereas the younger uncle utilized assisted reproductive technology to conceive a boy because of severe oligoasthenozoospermia. Conclusion Our study first identified the same AR variant (c.2263T > C;p.Phe755Leu) in four affected patients displaying highly diverse phenotypes of AIS and fertility outcomes, thereby significantly expanding the phenotypic spectrum of AIS. Notably, we presented a clear insight into different fertility outcomes of AIS patients with identical AR (c.2263T > C;p.Phe755Leu) variant, which provided reliable evidence that males harboring this variant may obtain biological offspring naturally or in combination with assisted reproductive technology. Furthermore, our study underscored the potential role of androgen concentration in shaping the phenotypic diversity of AIS, warranting further investigation.

Abstract Rapid glucose supply is crucial for animal survival during stress response. How the timescale of stress-induced glucose release precisely controlled by hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons remains unclear. Here, we show that stress-induced hyperglycemia can be divided into at least two stages in male mice: the first fast stage is mediated by hypothalamus (paraventricular to ventromedial hypothalamus)-sympathetic (raphe pallidus nucleus to intermediolateral nucleus)-liver (HSL) axis activity; the second delayed stage is mediated by adrenal activity. Blocking the activity of HSL axis impairs predatory evoked flight responses, indicating that the HSL pathway activity is necessary for stress coping. We further reveal the intracellular signal cascade for CRH signal in the hypothalamus, which is mediated by GABAA receptor β3 subunit phosphorylation at S408/409, results in prevention of GABAA receptor membrane recruitment. Thus, we uncovered the precise timescale of glucose supply during stress which is mediated by adrenal independent HSL and adrenal dependent pathway respectively.

Abstract Aims The value of the systemic immune‐inflammatory index (SII) in assessing adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases has been extensively discussed. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value and risk stratification ability of SII for 30 day mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Methods This analysis included 1452 patients hospitalized for ADHF, all the participants being part of the China Jiangxi‐acute decompensated heart failure1 project. The risk stratification capability of the SII in patients with ADHF, as well as its correlation with the 30 day mortality risk among ADHF patients, was evaluated utilizing Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression models. A restricted cubic spline was employed to model the dose–response relationship between the two, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to assess the predictive ability of SII for 30 day mortality. Results The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the risk of mortality in the high SII group (SII ≥ 980 × 109/L) was significantly greater than that in the low SII group (SII

Abstract The microscopic reaction pathway plays a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance. However, artificially manipulating the reaction pathway still faces considerable challenges. In this study, we focus on the classical acidic water oxidation based on RuO2 catalysts, which currently face the issues of low activity and poor stability. As a proof-of-concept, we propose a strategy to create local structural symmetry but oxidation-state asymmetric Mn4-δ-O-Ru4+δ active sites by introducing Mn atoms into RuO2 host, thereby switching the reaction pathway from traditional adsorbate evolution mechanism to oxide path mechanism. Through advanced operando synchrotron spectroscopies and density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate the synergistic effect of dual-active metal sites in asymmetric Mn4-δ-O-Ru4+δ microstructure in optimizing the adsorption energy and rate-determining step barrier via an oxide path mechanism. This study highlights the importance of engineering reaction pathways and provides an alternative strategy for promoting acidic water oxidation.

Abstract Background The impact of dynamic changes in the degree of atherosclerosis on the development of prediabetes remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between cumulative atherogenic index of plasma (CumAIP) exposure during follow-up and the development of prediabetes in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Methods A total of 2,939 prediabetic participants from the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. The outcomes for these patients, including progression to diabetes and regression to normal fasting glucose (NFG), were determined using data from the third wave. CumAIP was calculated as the ratio of the average AIP values measured during the first and third waves to the total exposure duration. The association between CumAIP and the development of prediabetes was analyzed using multivariable Cox regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. Results During a median follow-up period of 3 years, 15.21% of prediabetic patients progressed to diabetes, and 22.12% regressed to NFG. Among the groups categorized by CumAIP quartiles, the proportion of prediabetes progressing to diabetes gradually increased (Q1: 10.61%, Q2: 13.62%, Q3: 15.65%, Q4: 20.95%), while the proportion regressing to NFG gradually decreased (Q1: 23.54%, Q2: 23.71%, Q3: 22.18%, Q4: 19.05%). Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression showed a significant positive linear correlation between high CumAIP exposure and prediabetes progression, and a significant negative linear correlation with prediabetes regression. Furthermore, in a stratified analysis, it was found that compared to married individuals, those who were unmarried (including separated, divorced, widowed, or never married) had a relatively higher risk of CumAIP-related diabetes. Conclusion CumAIP is closely associated with the development of prediabetes. High CumAIP exposure not only increases the risk of prediabetes progression but also hinders its regression within a certain range. These findings suggest that monitoring and maintaining appropriate AIP levels may help prevent the deterioration of blood glucose levels.

In view of the frequent occurrence of rockburst in the coal pillars of high-stress roadways in deep underground coal mines in China, the types and mechanisms of rockburst in coal pillars are studied by means of field investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and engineering test. A new method of preventing rockburst by releasing energy and modifying the coal pillars of high-stress roadways is put forward. Based on the method proposed, a series of research work such as the principle research, technical system design and underground industrial test are carried out. Based on the main force source types of coal pillar rockburst in roadways, combined with many typical cases of rockburst, the coal pillar rockburst in roadways in China is divided into three types: basic stress superposition type, additional stress induced type and self-creep instability type. The mechanical models and engineering criteria of the occurrence mechanism of coal pillar rockburst in roadways are established and deduced respectively, which reveals its occurrence mechanism. In this paper, a method of preventing rockburst by combining fracturing with grouting in high-stress roadway in deep mine is proposed. The principle of preventing rockburst is embodied in two aspects: “energy release” and “modification”. The underground industrial test shows that the crack initiation pressure of elastic core coal is about 40 MPa, and the overall maximum fracturing width is 19.5 m. The field monitoring proves that the method proposed can reduce the energy accumulation level of roadway coal pillar and increase the overall impact threshold of roadway coal pillar. A complete technical system of coal pillar energy release modification and erosion prevention in high stress roadways of deep underground coal mines is designed, including the “evaluation-inspection-check” method of impact risk of isolated coal body, the energy release technology of elastic nuclear hydraulic fracturing and the whole grouting reinforcement modification technology. The “vibration-stress-displacement” three-field monitoring equipment for the elastic nuclear fracturing of coal pillars in roadways and the PS-Z-A/B type inorganic two-component quick-setting integral grouting modified material have been developed.

Abstract Background The Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) Index, serves as an effective tool for evaluating body fat (BF) levels. This research seeks to clarify the association between the CUN-BAE Index and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) from a gender perspective. Methods The study utilized data from a comprehensive health assessment initiative known as “Human Dock”, involving 14,251 participants. MASLD was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasound, primarily evaluated based on the following sonographic features: hepatorenal echo contrast, vascular blurring, deep attenuation, liver brightness. First, we evaluated the association of MASLD with the CUN-BAE Index using multivariate logistic regression. Second, we visualized this association and estimated potential threshold effect points using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model. Ultimately, we evaluated the ability of the CUN-BAE Index to detect MASLD through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results The female-to-male ratio was 1:1.08, with a MASLD prevalence rate of 17.59%. Following the adjustment for confounding variables, an increase of one unit in the CUN-BAE Index corresponded to a 14% increase in the risk of MASLD for males and an 18% increase for females. RCS analysis revealed an S-shaped relationship between MASLD prevalence and the CUN-BAE Index for both genders, with potential threshold effect points at approximately 30 in females and 15 in males. Beyond these threshold points, the prevalence of MASLD increased rapidly. Further subgroup analyses indicated significant differences in the relationship of the CUN-BAE Index with MASLD within age and body mass index (BMI) subgroups in females, with a stronger association observed in younger and non-obese female participants. Additionally, ROC analysis revealed that the CUN-BAE Index possesses a strong ability to distinguish MASLD in both genders, especially in females. Conclusions This research is the first to identify a positive relationship between the CUN-BAE Index and MASLD. The CUN-BAE Index appears to be more suitable for early screening of MASLD in females.

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has greatly improved the prognosis of relapsed and refractory patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Early identification and intervention of patients who may respond poorly to CAR-T cell therapy will help to improve the efficacy. Ninety patients from a Chinese cohort who received CAR-T cell therapy and underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scans at the screening stage (median time to infusion 53.5 days, range 27–176 days), 1 month and 3 months after CAR-T cell infusion were analyzed, with RNA-sequencing conducted on 47 patients at the screening stage. Patients with maximum diameter of the largest lesion (Dmax)

To explore the effect of flaxseed gum on the stability and nutritional characteristics of flaxseed milk. The degummed flaxseeds were obtained by dry method, and the effects of different degumming rates on the nutrient release and the stability of flaxseed milk were comprehensively investigated. The particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, turbiscan stability index, rheological properties, microstructure, total solids content, total phenol content and protein content of different samples were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the absolute potential value of flaxseed milk increased and the particle size, stability index and viscosity decreased after degumming. With a degumming rate of 4.0%, the absolute potential value of flaxseed milk increased from 26.72 mV to 29.60 mV, the D[4,3] decreased from 34.90 μm to 22.60 μm, and the viscosity was reduced by 9.95%, it showed a shear thinning behavior, and the droplet distribution was uniform. With a degumming rate of 6.30%, the total solids content and the protein content of flaxseed milk reached 7.73 g/100 mL and 2.15 g/100 mL, with an increase of 5.03% and 18.78%, respectively. These results indicated that moderate degumming facilitate the stability and the protein release of flaxseed milk. The research provides a reference for high-value processing and utilization of flaxseed.

Abstract Climate and land use/land cover (LULC) changes have far-reaching effects on various biological processes in wildlife, particularly interspecific interactions. Unfortunately, interspecific interactions are often overlooked when assessing the impacts of environmental changes on endangered species. In this study, we examined niche similarities and habitat overlaps between wild Crested Ibis and sympatric Egret and Heron species (EHs) in Shaanxi, China, using Ecological niche models (ENMs). We aimed to forecast potential alterations in habitat overlaps due to climate and LULC changes. The results showed that although EHs possess a broader niche breadth compared to the Crested Ibis, they still share certain niche similarities, as indicated by Schoener’s D and Hellinger’s I values exceeding 0.5, respectively. Notably, despite varying degrees of habitat reduction, the shared habitat area of all six species expands with the changes in climate and LULC. We suggest that with the climate and LULC changes, the habitats of sympatric EHs are likely to suffer varying degrees of destruction, forcing them to seek refuge and migrate to the remaining wild Ibis habitat. This is primarily due to the effective conservation efforts in the Crested Ibis habitat in Yangxian County and neighboring areas. Consequently, due to the niche similarity, they will share and compete for limited habitat resources, including food and space. Therefore, we recommend that conservation efforts extend beyond protecting the Crested Ibis habitat. It is crucial to control human activities that contribute to LULC changes to safeguard the habitats of both Crested Ibis and other sympatric birds.

Abstract Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and cholecystitis share overlapping symptoms, including belching, acid reflux, and heartburn. Despite this, the causal relationship between these two conditions remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal link between GERD and cholecystitis using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using the inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger method to assess the causal effects of GERD on the cholecystitis risk. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on GERD (N cases = 129080; N controls = 473524) and cholecystitis (N cases = 1930; N controls =359264) were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project. Various techniques were employed to assess pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Results Seventy-seven single nucleotide polymorphisms from GERD GWASs were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). The primary IVW method revealed a significant association between GERD and an increased risk of cholecystitis (odds ratio = 1.004; 95% confidence interval = 1.003–1.005, p = 2.68 × 10− 9). The absence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the data supports the reliability of the results. Conclusions GERD was positively associated with the risk of cholecystitis. This study provides insights into potential avenues for the development of prevention strategies and treatment options for cholecystitis in patients with GERD. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex interplay between GERD and cholecystitis.

Abstract Background The role of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) as a prognostic factor in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains uncertain. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the GNRI on mortality outcomes in critically ill patients with AKI. Methods For this retrospective study, we included 12,058 patients who were diagnosed with AKI based on ICD-9 codes from the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Based on the values of GNRI, nutrition-related risks were categorized into four groups: major risk (GNRI

This study investigates the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) for feature engineering in the education sector, highlighting its potential to enhance individualized learning and improve academic outcomes. The correlation analysis, performed using a correlation matrix of the feature set, indicated that specific pairings of characteristics exhibit a strong association, resulting in the ineffectiveness of conventional models. In order to tackle this issue, we utilized three sophisticated machine learning methodologies: Adaptive Lasso (ALasso), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The ALasso model discovered several influential characteristics, namely Gender (X5), Education (X1), Hours of Work (X4), and Marital Status (X6), that significantly affect salaries. Subsequently, a comparative evaluation of these methods was conducted using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results demonstrated that SVR outperformed the other techniques, with the most optimal RMSE of 0.595 and MAE of 0.423. These findings emphasize the significance of using data-driven strategies in policymaking and propose further investigation into the use of AI methods in various educational contexts to improve the identification of features and the performance of models.

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedlings are rich in vitamin C (Vc), which is beneficial for humans. Understanding the genetic variance in Vc content has practical significance for the breeding of “oil–vegetable dual-purpose” rapeseed. In this study, the joint segregation analysis of a mixed genetic model of the major gene plus polygene was conducted on the Vc content in rapeseed seedlings. Six generations, including two parents, P1 (high Vc content) and P2 (low Vc content), F1, and the populations of F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 from two crosses were investigated. Genetic analysis revealed that the genetic model MX2-A-AD was the most fitting genetic model, which indicates that Vc content is controlled by two additive major genes plus additive and dominance polygenes. In addition, the whole heritability in F2 and BC1P1 was higher than that in BC1P2. The largest coefficient of variation for Vc content appeared in the F2 generation. Therefore, for Vc content, the method of single cross recross or single backcross are suggested to transfer major genes, and the selection in F2 would be more efficient than that in other generations. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and breeding of Vc content in rapeseed seedlings.

ObjectivesPyrophyllite, as a sealed pressure medium, has been widely used in high-pressure research for laboratories and industrial synthesis. A highly efficient pressure transfer medium can generate higher cell pressure at the same loading force. The use of a highly efficient pressure transfer medium reduces the risk of anvil rupture and production costs. Therefore, it is important to develop a suitable and efficient pressure-transmitting pyrophyllite.MethodsThe pressure calibration of four pyrophyllites from different localities at room temperature was conducted in a 6 × 8 MN multi-anvil large-volume press. The relationship between loading force and cell pressure at room temperature was established. The influence of mineral composition changes in pyrophyllite on pressure-transmitting efficiency was studied using X-ray diffraction.ResultsBy investigating the influence of mineral composition changes in pyrophyllite on pressure-transmitting efficiency, the results are as follows: (1) When achieving the same cell pressure, the required loading force for Pyrophyllite 4 is 10% lower than those for the other three pyrophyllites, indicating that Pyrophyllite 4 has the best pressure-transmitting efficiency. (2) As cell pressure increases, the relationship between cell pressure and loading force begins to deviate from linearity, and the pressure-transmitting efficiency of pyrophyllite gradually decreases. When the cell pressure exceeds 5.00 GPa, applying higher loading force does not significantly increase the cell pressure. (3) Higher hardness minerals (such as Diaspore, Boehmite) in pyrophyllite can effectively improve pressure-transmitting efficiency in the low-pressure stage (cell pressure 2.55-3.68 GPa). When the minerals in pyrophyllite undergo phase transformation to form new minerals with higher hardness (such as Muscovite and Kaolinite) in the high-pressure stage (cell pressure of 5.50 GPa), pressure-transmitting efficiency can be effectively improved.ConclusionsPyrophyllite 4 has better pressure-transmitting efficiency than Pyrophyllite 2 does in the high-pressure stage, but it is prone to failure in sealing due to the changes in mineral composition. However, Pyrophyllite 2 shows good elastic recovery effect and sealing performance and can stably complete compression and decompression work. Considering both pressure-transmitting efficiency and sealing effect, Pyrophyllite 2 has better application value and economic benefits.

Abstract Background UV-B, an important environmental factor, has been shown to affect the yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to UV-B stress remain elusive in rice. Results We perform comprehensive metabolic profiling of leaves from 160 diverse rice accessions under UV-B and normal light conditions using a widely targeted metabolomics approach. Our results reveal substantial differences in metabolite accumulation between the two major rice subspecies indica and japonica, especially after UV-B treatment, implying the possible role and mechanism of metabolome changes in subspecies differentiation and the stress response. We next conduct a transcriptome analysis from four representative rice varieties under UV-B stress, revealing genes from amino acid and flavonoid pathways involved in the UV-B response. We further perform a metabolite-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS), which reveals 3307 distinct loci under UV-B stress. Identification and functional validation of candidate genes show that OsMYB44 regulates tryptamine accumulation to mediate UV-B tolerance, while OsUVR8 interacts with OsMYB110 to promote flavonoid accumulation and UV-B tolerance in a coordinated manner. Additionally, haplotype analysis suggests that natural variation of OsUVR8 groupA contributes to UV-B resistance in rice. Conclusions Our study reveals the complex biochemical and genetic foundations that govern the metabolite dynamics underlying the response, tolerance, and adaptive strategies of rice to UV-B stress. These findings provide new insights into the biochemical and genetic basis of the metabolome underlying the crop response, tolerance, and adaptation to UV-B stress.

Abstract Purpose Recent observational studies have highlighted the role of altered gut microbiota (GM) in the activation of the host immune system and the resulting of gastric cancer (GC). However, the exact causal relationship and mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. Materials and methods Genetic data from published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were employed to determine the causal effects of 207 taxa and 205 bacterial pathways on GC via two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and two-step mediation MR analysis. In this study, 731 immune cell traits served as potential mediators. An inverse variance-weighted (IVW) estimation, augmented by a range of alternative estimators, notably the Bayesian-weighted MR method, was employed as the primary methodological approach. Results Four taxa and five bacterial pathways were found to be negatively correlated with GC, whereas one taxon and two bacterial pathways were a positively correlated with GC. Reverse causality was not found in the reverse MR analysis. Additional validation was performed using a sensitivity analysis. Mediation MR analyses revealed that the GM influences GC through various phenotypes of 16 immune cells that act as mediators. For example, s_Alistipes_sp_AP11 was found to inhibit GC through NKT %T cell (total effect: -0.3234, mediation effect: 0.0212). This mediating effect further highlights the complex relationship among GMs, immune cell traits, and their combined effects on GC. Conclusions Our findings highlight the genetic connection between specific GMs and GC, emphasizing the potential role of immune cells as mediators, and offering valuable perspectives on potential therapeutic strategies that manipulating the GM to address GC.

Abstract Direct methane conversion to high-value chemicals under mild conditions is attractive yet challenging due to the inertness of methane and the high reactivity of valuable products. This work presents an efficient and selective strategy to achieve direct methane conversion through the oxidative coupling of methane over a visible-responsive Au-loaded CeO2 by photon-phonon co-driven catalysis. A record-high ethane yield of 755 μmol h−1 (15,100 μmol g−1 h−1) and selectivity of 93% are achieved under optimised reaction conditions, corresponding to an apparent quantum efficiency of 12% at 365 nm. Moreover, the high activity of the photocatalyst can be maintained for at least 120 h without noticeable decay. The pre-treatment of the catalyst at relatively high temperatures introduces oxygen vacancies, which improves oxygen adsorption and activation. Furthermore, Au, serving as a hole acceptor, facilitates charge separation, inhibits overoxidation and promotes the C-C coupling reaction. All these enhance photon efficiency and product yield.

ObjectiveThis study uses the structural load inversion method to conduct a dynamic response state analysis of a floating wind turbine tower under wave action. MethodBased on a semi-submersible wind turbine, the measurement data is simulated in the time domain, and the mass-normalized modes of the tower are calculated using a frequency-domain simulation model of the floating wind turbine. Both are used as inputs to a joint input-state estimation (JIS) algorithm to conduct the structural load inversion and real-time state analysis of the floating wind turbine tower. ResultsThe results show that when using the simulated data of tower nodes as inputs to the JIS algorithm, the estimated tower root loads and node responses agree well with the simulated results, achieving high-precision inversion. ConclusionThe inversion results verify that the JIS algorithm is effective and can be used for the real-time state analysis of floating wind turbines to ensure their long-term safe and stable operation.

Abstract Reporting the results of quality indicators can narrow the gap in the quality of care between hospitals. While most studies rely on outcome indicators, they may not accurately measure the quality of care. Process indicators are not only strongly associated with treatment outcomes, but are also more sensitive to whether patients are treated accurately, enabling timely intervention. Our study aims to investigate whether process indicators provide a more reasonable assessment of hospital quality of care compared to outcome indicators. Data were sourced from the Specific Disease Medical Service Quality Management and Control System in China. A total of 113,942 patients with breast cancer treated in 298 hospitals between January 2019 and April 2023 were included in this retrospective study. The rankability of 11 process indicators was calculated and used as a weight to create a new composite indicator. The composite indicators and outcome measures were compared using the O/E ratio categories. Finally, in order to determine the impact of different years on the results, a sensitivity analysis was conducted using bootstrap sampling. The rankability ( $$\rho$$ ρ ) values of the eleven process indicators showed significant differences, with the highest $$\rho$$ ρ value for preoperative cytological or histological examination before surgery (0.919). The $$\rho$$ ρ value for the outcome indicator was 0.011. The rankability-weighting method yielded a comprehensive score ( $$\rho$$ ρ = 0.883). The comparison with categorical results of the outcome indicator has different performance classifications for 113 hospitals (37.92%) for composite scores and 140 (46.98%) for preoperative cytological or histological examinationbefore surgery. Process indicators are more suitable than outcome indicators for assessing the quality of breast cancer care in hospitals. Healthcare providers can use process indicators to identify specific areas for improvement, thereby driving continuous quality improvement efforts.

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) as biomarkers for cancer detection have been extensively explored, however, the biogenesis mechanism is still elusive. In contrast to linear splicing (LS) involved in linear transcript formation, the so-called back splicing (BS) process has been proposed to explain circRNA formation. To investigate the potential mechanism of BS via the machine learning approach, we curated a high-quality BS and LS exon pairs dataset with evidence-based stringent filtering. Two convolutional neural networks (CNN) base models with different structures for processing splicing junction sequences including motif extraction were created and compared after extensive hyperparameter tuning. In contrast to the previous study, we are able to identify motifs corresponding to well-established BS-associated genes such as MBNL1, QKI, and ESPR2. Importantly, despite prevalent high false positive rates in existing circRNA detection pipelines and databases, our base models demonstrated a notable high specificity (greater than 90%). To further improve the model performance, a novo fast numerical method was proposed and implemented to calculate the reverse complementary matches (RCMs) crossing two flanking regions and within each flanking region of exon pairs. Our CircCNNs framework that incorporated RCM information into the optimal base models further reduced the false positive rates leading to 88% prediction accuracy.

Abstract Observational data suggest a link between gut microbiota and immune-related vasculitis, but causality remains unclear. A bidirectional mendelian randomization study was conducted using public genome-wide data. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method identified associations and addressed heterogeneity.Families Clostridiaceae 1 and Actinomycetaceae correlated positively with granulomatosis with polyangiitis risk, while classes Lentisphaeria and Melainabacteria, and families Lachnospiraceae and Streptococcaceae showed negative associations. Behçet's disease was positively associated with the risk of family Streptococcaceae abundance. And other several gut microbiota constituents were identified as potential risk factors for immune-related vasculitis. Furthermore, combining positive association results from the IVW analysis revealed numerous shared gut microbiota constituents associated with immune-related vasculitis. MR analysis demonstrated a causal association between the gut microbiota and immune-related vasculitis, offering valuable insights for subsequent mechanistic and clinical investigations into microbiota-mediated immune-related vasculitis.

Abstract Background Increased level of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) are associated with therapeutic outcomes and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to investigate the associations of clinicopathologic and sonographic features with sTILs level in TNBC. Methods This study included invasive TNBC patients with postoperative evaluation of sTILs after surgical resection. Tumor shape, margin, orientation, echo pattern, posterior features, calcification, and vascularity were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were categorized into high-sTILs (≥ 20%) and low-sTILs (

Abstract Background Hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis is a rare clinical manifestation of primary aldosteronism, making its diagnosis challenging, particularly when it becomes the primary presenting symptom. Herein, we present a case of primary aldosteronism with hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis and conduct a related literature review. Case presentation We report the case of a 54-year-old Chinese male patient who presented with intermittent weakness over the past year and was admitted with sudden limb paralysis for 2 days. The final diagnosis was primary aldosteronism accompanied by hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis syndrome. By reviewing the related Chinese and English literature, we noticed that only a few cases were published since 1978. After excluding irrelevant literatures, we summarized and analyzed 43 patients of with primary aldosteronism accompanied by hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis syndrome. All patients showed good recovery, with normalized blood potassium levels, and a majority achieved normalized blood pressure. Some patients still required medication for blood pressure control. Conclusions Primary aldosteronism rarely causes rhabdomyolysis; the occurrence of severe hypokalemia and rhabdomyolysis should prompt consideration of primary aldosteronism in the differential diagnosis. Early detection and treatment are crucial for determining patient prognosis.

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the BOPPPS model (bridge-in, learning objective, pre-test, participatory learning, post-test, and summary) in otolaryngology education for five-year undergraduate students. Methods A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted with 167 five-year undergraduate students from Anhui Medical University, who were allocated to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received instruction using the BOPPPS model, while the control group underwent traditional teaching methods. The evaluation of the teaching effectiveness was performed through an anonymous questionnaire based on the course evaluation questionnaire. Students’ perspectives and self-evaluations were quantified using a five-point Likert scale. Furthermore, students’ comprehension of the course content was measured through a comprehensive final examination at the end of the semester. Results Students in the experimental group reported significantly higher scores in various competencies compared to the control group: planning work (4.27 ± 0.676 vs. 4.03 ± 0.581, P

Abstract SuFEx click chemistry demonstrates remarkable molecular assembly capabilities. However, the effective utilization of alkyl sulfonyl fluoride hubs in SuFEx chemistry, particularly in reactions with alcohols and primary amines, presents considerable challenges. This study pioneers an intramolecular chalcogen bonding activated SuFEx (S-SuFEx) click chemistry employing alkyl sulfonyl fluorides with γ-S as the activating group. The ChB-activated alkyl sulfonyl fluorides can react smoothly with phenols, alcohols, and amines, exhibiting enhanced reactivity compared to SO2F2. Excellent yields have been achieved with all 75 tested substrates. Pioneering the application of S-SuFEx chemistry, we highlight its immense potential in organic-inorganic linking, considering the critical role of interfacial covalent bonding in material fabrication. The S-SuFEx hub 1c, incorporating a trialkoxy silane group has been specifically designed and synthesized for organic-inorganic linking. In a simple step, 1c efficiently anchors various organic compounds onto surfaces of inorganic materials, forming functionalized surfaces with properties such as antibacterial activity, hydrophobicity, and fluorescence.

Abstract Automatic modulation classification models based on deep learning models are at risk of being interfered by adversarial attacks. In an adversarial attack, the attacker causes the classification model to misclassify the received signal by adding carefully crafted adversarial interference to the transmitted signal. Based on the requirements of efficient computing and edge deployment, a lightweight automatic modulation classification model is proposed. Considering that the lightweight automatic modulation classification model is more susceptible to interference from adversarial attacks and that adversarial training of the lightweight auto‐modulation classification model fails to achieve the desired results, an adversarial attack defense system for the lightweight automatic modulation classification model is further proposed, which can enhance the robustness when subjected to adversarial attacks. The defense method aims to transfer the adversarial robustness from a trained large automatic modulation classification model to a lightweight model through the technique of adversarial robust distillation. The proposed method exhibits better adversarial robustness than current defense techniques in feature fusion based automatic modulation classification models in white box attack scenarios.

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a substantial threat to human health, impacting not only infected individuals but also potentially exerting adverse effects on the health of their offspring. The underlying mechanisms driving this phenomenon remain elusive. This study aims to shed light on this issue by examining alterations in paternally imprinted genes within sperm. Methods A cohort of 35 individuals with normal semen analysis, comprising 17 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and 18 negative individuals, was recruited. Based on the previous research and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database (OMIM, https://www.omim.org/ ), targeted promoter methylation sequencing was employed to investigate 28 paternally imprinted genes associated with various diseases. Results Bioinformatic analyses revealed 42 differentially methylated sites across 29 CpG islands within 19 genes and four differentially methylated CpG islands within four genes. At the gene level, an increase in methylation of DNMT1 and a decrease in methylation of CUL7, PRKAG2, and TP53 were observed. DNA methylation haplotype analysis identified 51 differentially methylated haplotypes within 36 CpG islands across 22 genes. Conclusions This is the first study to explore the effects of HBV infection on sperm DNA methylation and the potential underlying mechanisms of intergenerational influence of paternal HBV infection.

Earth is a combination of material and energy. The evolution of Earth and planets is a history of the transfer of matter and energy. Materials science is codified into physics and chemistry, while mathematics is the language that describes the law of nature, which belongs to the field of thermodynamics. Significance Thus, thermodynamics, consisting of physics, chemistry and mathematics, can unravel the principles of earth materials. Since the middle of the 19th century, Kelvin used thermodynamic theory to calculate the age of the Earth, and thermodynamics has been applied in the field of earth science for more than 100 years, which has provided a vital theoretical framework for understanding the planet's formation and evolution. Its application revolutionized the development of earth science. Progress In the past 20 years, with the development of physics, chemistry and computer science, the application and development of classical thermodynamics and nonequilibrium thermodynamics in earth matter science have further improved and become the fundamental principal system of earth material research. The thermodynamics of earth have been studied to determine the structure, dynamics and evolution of earth by studying the formation and evolution of earth materials. Thermodynamics links geophysics, geochemistry and geology. However, new thermodynamic models, databases, and methods for teaching and learning about thermodynamics in earth science need to be developed. Conclusions and Prospects It is foreseeable that understanding the earth and its evolution from the perspective of thermodynamics will be a permanent issue. Thermodynamics will exert its power in unknown fields such as planetary science, earth's internal evolution as well as earth systems science, driving people to make new observations and theories about nature.

Abstract Because of the lack of good seedling positioning during vegetable grafting, there are issues such as high labor costs and long grafting time. This article proposes a negative pressure suction seedling positioning method for seed leaves based on the characteristic parameters of cucumber spike wood, and designs a flexible adsorption positioning mechanism for spike wood. Firstly, the ventral surface curve trajectories of cucumber cotyledons were extracted using Matlab software, and then a shape-adaptive design was applied to the attachment surface of the flexible suction positioning mechanism, and a computational fluid dynamics model of the airflow field was established. By combining Fluent simulation analysis with orthogonal experiments, the effect of suction hole diameter, vacuum negative pressure value, suction hole quantity, and suction hole depth on the adsorption effect of the suction head was analyzed, the main and secondary factors and operational indicators that affect the adsorption effect are evaluated. The optimal parameter combination: suction hole diameter of 1.5 mm, vacuum negative pressure value of 2 kPa, suction hole quantity of 42, and suction hole depth of 2 mm, has been found. A verification experiment was conducted on a test bench, and the experimental results show that the success rate of leaf absorption using the optimal parameter combination is 97.69%, which indicates that the suction head is designed reasonably and meets the requirements of grafting.

Abstract The current research on the integrity of critical structures of rail vehicles mainly focuses on the design stage, which needs an effective method for assessing the service state. This paper proposes a framework for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of in-service structures with and without visible cracks. The hypothetical distribution and delay time models were used to apply the equivalent crack growth life data of heavy-duty railway cast steel knuckles, which revealed the evolution characteristics of the crack length and life scores of the knuckle under different fracture failure modes. The results indicate that the method effectively predicts the RUL of service knuckles in different failure modes based on the cumulative failure probability curves for different locations and surface crack lengths. This study proposes an RUL prediction framework that supports the dynamic overhaul and state maintenance of knuckle fatigue cracks.

Abstract Objective The primary objective of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of apoplectic intratumoral hemorrhage in gliomas and offer insights for improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods We analyzed the clinical data of 35 patients with glioma and hemorrhage. There were eight cases of multiple cerebral lobe involvement, and 22 cases involved a single lobe. Twenty-one patients had a preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of ≥ 9 and had a craniotomy with tumor resection and hematoma evacuation after undergoing preoperative preparation. A total of 14 patients with GCS

Abstract Background The relationship between thyroid hormone (TH) levels in vivo and osteoarthritis (OA) remains inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the association between TH levels and OA, analyze the effect of triiodothyronine on hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and OA progression, and identify potential target genes of triiodothyronine in OA to evaluate its diagnostic value. Methods Two-sample mendelian randomization method was used to probe the causal links between hyperthyroidism and OA. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from two RNA-sequencing data in Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE199847 and GSE114007) and enrichment analysis of DEGs (166 commonly upregulated genes and 71 commonly downregulated genes of GSE199847 and GSE114007) was performed to analyze the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and OA. C28/I2 cells treated with T3 and reverse transcription and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to validate T3 targeted genes. The diagnostic performance of target genes was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). Results There was a positive causal association between hyperthyroidism and OA (IVW result, OR = 1.330, 95% CI 1.136–1.557, P = 0.0004). Weighted median and Weighted mode analysis also demonstrated that hyperthyroidism had a positive causal association with OA (p 1). Bioinformatics analysis indicated T3 can partially induce the emergence of late hypertrophic chondrocyte and promote OA through extracellular matrix organization, blood vessel development, skeletal system development and ossification. Post-T3 treatment, MAFB, C1QTNF1, COL3A1 and ANGPTL2 were significantly elevated in C28/I2 cells. ROC curves in GSE114007 showed that AUC of all above genes were ≥ 0.7. Conclusions This study identified that hyperthyroidism has a positive causal association with OA by MR analysis. T3 induced hypertrophic chondrocytes promote OA progression by upregulating genes such as MAFB, C1QTNF1, COL3A1 and ANGPTL2, which can also serve as OA diagnosis.

Abstract Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a major cause of salmonellosis, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathovariants has become a growing concern. Here, we investigate a distinct rough colony variant exhibiting a strong biofilm-forming ability isolated in China. Whole-genome sequencing on 2,212 Chinese isolates and 1,739 publicly available genomes reveals the population structure and evolutionary history of the rough colony variants. Characterized by macro, red, dry, and rough (mrdar) colonies, these variants demonstrate enhanced biofilm formation at 28 °C and 37 °C compared to typical rdar colonies. The mrdar variants exhibit extensive multidrug resistance, with significantly higher resistance to at least five classes of antimicrobial agents compared to non-mrdar variants. This resistance is primarily conferred by an IncHI2 plasmid harboring 19 antimicrobial resistance genes. Phylogenomic analysis divides the global collections into six lineages. The majority of mrdar variants belong to sublineage L6.5, which originated from Chinese smooth colony strains and possibly emerged circa 1977. Among the mrdar variants, upregulation of the csgDEFG operons is observed, probably due to a distinct point mutation (−44G > T) in the csgD gene promoter. Pangenome and genome-wide association analyses identify 87 specific accessory genes and 72 distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the mrdar morphotype.

Abstract Background The gut virome has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet a full understanding of the gut virome in IBD patients, especially across diverse geographic populations, is lacking. Results In this study, we conducted a comprehensive gut virome-wide association study in a Chinese cohort of 71 IBD patients (15 with Crohn’s disease and 56 with ulcerative colitis) and 77 healthy controls via viral-like particle (VLP) and bulk virome sequencing of their feces. By utilizing an integrated gut virus catalog tailored to the IBD virome, we revealed fundamental alterations in the gut virome in IBD patients. These characterized 139 differentially abundant viral signatures, including elevated phages predicted to infect Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterococcus_B, Streptococcus, and Veillonella species, as well as IBD-depleted phages targeting Prevotella, Ruminococcus_E, Bifidobacterium, and Blautia species. Remarkably, these viral signatures demonstrated high consistency across diverse populations such as those in Europe and the USA, emphasizing their significance and broad relevance in the disease context. Furthermore, fecal virome transplantation experiments verified that the colonization of these IBD-characterized viruses can modulate experimental colitis in mouse models. Conclusions Building upon these insights into the IBD gut virome, we identified potential biomarkers for prognosis and therapy in IBD patients, laying the foundation for further exploration of viromes in related conditions. Video Abstract

Abstract Vascularization plays a significant role in promoting the expedited process of bone regeneration while also enhancing the stability and viability of artificial bone implants. Although titanium alloy scaffolds were designed to mimic the porous structure of human bone tissues to facilitate vascularization in bone repair, their biological inertness restricted their broader utilization. The unique attribute of Metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-53(Fe), known as “breathing”, can facilitate the efficient adsorption of extracellular matrix proteins and thus provide the possibility for efficient interaction between scaffolds and cell adhesion molecules, which helps improve the bioactivity of the titanium alloy scaffolds. In this study, MIL-53(Fe) was synthesized in situ on the scaffold after hydrothermal treatment. The MIL-53(Fe) endowed the scaffold with superior protein absorption ability and preferable biocompatibility. The scaffolds have been shown to possess favorable osteogenesis and angiogenesis inducibility. It was indicated that MIL-53(Fe) modulated the mechanotransduction process of endothelial cells and induced increased cell stiffness by promoting the adsorption of adhesion-mediating extracellular matrix proteins to the scaffold, such as laminin, fibronectin, and perlecan et al., which contributed to the activation of the endothelial tip cell phenotype at sprouting angiogenesis. Therefore, this study effectively leveraged the intrinsic “breathing” properties of MIL-53 (Fe) to enhance the interaction between titanium alloy scaffolds and vascular endothelial cells, thereby facilitating the vascularization inducibility of the scaffold, particularly during the sprouting angiogenesis phase. This study indicates that MIL-53(Fe) coating represents a promising strategy to facilitate accelerated and sufficient vascularization and uncovers the scaffold-vessel interaction from a biomechanical perspective. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) is a complex cardiovascular syndrome with high mortality. Santalum album L. (SAL) is a traditional Chinese medicine broadly applied for various diseases treatment including HF. However, the potential active compounds and molecular mechanisms of SAL in HF treatment are not well understood. Methods The active compounds and possible mechanisms of action of SAL were analyzed and validated by a systems pharmacology framework and an ISO-induced mouse HF model. Results We initially confirmed that SAL alleviates heart damage in ISO-induced HF model. A total of 17 potentially active components in SAL were identified, with Luteolin (Lut) and Syringaldehyde (SYD) in SAL been identified as the most effective combination through probabilistic ensemble aggregation (PEA) analysis. These compounds, individually and in their combination (COMB), showed significant therapeutic effects on HF by targeting multiple pathways involved in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. The active ingredients in SAL effectively suppressed inflammatory mediators and pro-apoptotic proteins while enhancing the expression of anti-apoptotic factors and antioxidant markers. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of SAL on YAP and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were further elucidated. Conclusions Mechanistically, the anti-HF effect of SAL is responsible for the synergistic effect of anti-inflammation, antioxidation and anti-apoptosis, delineating a multi-targeted therapeutic strategy for HF. Graphical Abstract