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Abstract Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (MSTN/GDF8) are closely related members of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, sharing structural homology. Despite these structural similarities, recent research has shed light on the distinct roles these ligands play within muscle tissue. This study aims to uncover both the differences and similarities in gene expression at the transcriptome level by utilizing RNA sequencing. We conducted experiments involving five distinct groups, each with three biological replicates, using C2C12 cell cultures. The cells were subjected to high-throughput profiling to investigate disparities in gene expression patterns following preconditioning with either GDF11 or MSTN at concentrations of 1 nM and 10 nM, respectively. In addition, control groups were established. Our research revealed concentration-dependent gene expression patterns, with 38 genes showing significant differences when compared to the control groups. Notably, GADD45, SMAD7, EGR-1, and HOXA3 exhibited significant differential expression. We also conducted an over-representation analysis, highlighting the activation of MAPK and JNK signaling pathways, along with GO-terms related to genes that negatively regulate metabolic processes, biosynthesis, and protein phosphorylation. This study unveiled the activation of several genes not previously discussed in existing literature whose full biological implications are yet to be determined in future research.

Summary: Peritoneal adhesions are poorly understood but highly prevalent conditions that can cause intestinal obstruction and pelvic pain requiring surgery. While there is consensus that stress-induced inflammation triggers peritoneal adhesions, the molecular processes of their formation still remain elusive. We performed murine models and analyzed human samples to monitor the formation of adhesions and the treatment with DNases. Various molecular analyses were used to evaluate the adhesions. The experimental peritoneal adhesions of the murine models and biopsy material from humans are largely based on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Treatment with DNASE1 (Dornase alfa) and the human DNASE1L3 analog (NTR-10), significantly reduced peritoneal adhesions in experimental models.We conclude that NETs serve as essential scaffold for the formation of adhesions; DNases interfere with this process. Herein, we show that therapeutic application of DNases can be employed to prevent the formation of murine peritoneal adhesions. If this can be translated into the human situation requires clinical studies.

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship among the general, academic procrastination behavior of music teacher candidates, attitudes of test anxieties in terms of gender, grade levels and weekly study hours. The study was designed as relational correlational survey method. The sample of the study consisted of totally 73 teacher candidates who attended to 1st and 4th grades of Music Education Department in Education Faculty of Adnan Menderes University during the fall semester of 2016-2017 academic year. In the study, three kinds of data collecting instruments were used: General Procrastination Scale which was developed by Lay (1986) and The Turkish reliability and reality studies were done by Balkis (2003), Academic Procrastination Scale which was developed by Çakici (2003) and Westside Examination Anxiety Scale which was developed by Driscoll (2009) and Turkish validity and reliability studies were conducted by Totan & Yavuz (2009). Results showed that men had more academic procrastination and lower text anxiety scores than women. Seniors were more likely to display both general and academic procrastination behaviours than freshmen. Significant and moderate positive correlations were found between academic procrastination and general procrastination tendencies (r=0.50, p<0.05); and also between academic procrastination and test anxiety (r=0.56; p<0.05).General procrastination tendency and test anxiety together predicted nearly half (45%) of academic procrastination tendency.

In the research, "Questionnaire on Individual Instrument Course Burnout" developed by Girgin, "Questionnaire on Individual Instrument Training habits" developed by Küçükosmanoglu, Babacan, Babacan and Yüksel, and "Questionnaire on Perceived Family Support for Individual Instrument Course" developed by Girgin were used. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) 21.00 software package was used for data analysis. Since the research data did not show a normal distribution, Mann Whitney U analysis was used for binary variables; and Kruskal Wallis and Spearman Brown's Rank Correlation analyses were used for variables more than two. Music teacher candidates' individual instrument burnout scores showed statistically significant difference depending on university and individual instrument variables; their family support scores showed significant difference depending on grade, university, high school and individual instrument variables; and their training habits showed significant difference depending on gender, university and individual instrument variables. A significant negative correlation at a low rate was found between music teacher candidates' burnout scores and their family support scores. A significant negative and moderate correlation was found between teacher candidates' burnout scores and their studying habit scores. A significant positive moderate correlation was found between teacher candidates' family support scores and their training habit scores.

The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between individual social responsibilities and personal values of primary school and music teacher candidates on the basis of gender, school grade and department variables. Survey model among quantitative methods was used in the research. The research sample consist of 162 (69.8%) primary school teacher candidates and 70 (30.2%) music teacher candidates receiving education in Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Education. 146 (62.9%) of the participants are female, and 86 (37.1%) were male teacher candidates. Also 104 (44.8%) freshman and 128 (55.2%) senior students were joined into the research. Questionnaire on Individual Social Responsibility and Questionnaire on Personal values were used as data collection tools. SPSS 21.00 statistics software was used for data analysis. Due to the normal distribution of data, t-test and one-way analysis of variance were conducted, then Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and regression analysis was performed. According to the obtained findings, personal values total scores of the participating teacher candidates did not significantly differ based on their gender and department, whereas they significantly differed in a school-grade based evaluation. The individual social responsibility total scores of the teacher candidates did not show a statistically significant difference on the basis of gender. Individual social responsibility levels were found to differ significantly based on school grade and department variables. Statistically significant positive and low level (between 0.18 and 0.39) correlations were found between the teacher candidates' social responsibilities and academic average and personal values subscales.

The objective of the current study is to develop an attitude scale for pre-service music teachers' special teaching methods course. The data of the research was obtained in the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. The study group consists of 388 pre-service music teachers who continue their education at eight universities in Turkey. Before proceeding to further analysis, the missing values and outliers were processed. As a result, mean substitution was performed for the missing data in the dataset and 2 participants with outliers were excluded from the study. The suitability of the data for factor analysis was determined by running the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity. Result of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was found to be 0.97. The overall internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) of the single-factor and 58 item-scale was determined to be 0.98.

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the values of primary and music teacher candidates and their cheating attitudes in terms of different variables. The study group of the research is composed of 249 students who are studying at the Departments of Primary School Teaching and Music Education at Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Education. In the research, Portrait Values Questionnaire and personal information form were used. In the analysis of data, t test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and tukey HSD test was used. It was detected that teacher candidates had high levels of value perceptions and the three most important values were universalism, security and self-direction. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in primary school and music teacher candidates in all values except achievement, hedonism and stimulation according to their departments. This difference was on behalf of primary school teacher candidates. Another conclusion of the research was the gender variable. In all values except power, significant difference was on behalf of females. When the value scores of primary school and music teacher candidates were examined, all the values except for power were on behalf of freshmen. It was seen that there were significant differences between the teacher candidates' academic achievement perceptions and their value scores of achievement, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity and security except power and hedonism values. Findings related to cheating, which was another variance of the research, are as follows; cheating attitudes of primary school and music teacher candidates were moderate. It was detected that the participants had negative attitudes towards cheating. A significant difference was detected in cheating attitude according to the department. In other words, it was seen that music teacher candidates were more positive towards cheating. When cheating attitudes according to gender variable were examined, it was seen that there was a significant difference on behalf of females.

IntroductionSevere burns cause unique pathophysiological alterations especially on the immune system. A murine scald model was optimized as a basis for the understanding of immunological reactions in response to heat induced injury. The understanding of the roles of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and DNases will support the development of new surgical or pharmacological strategies for the therapy of severe burns.MethodsWe studied C57BL/6 mice (n=30) and employed four scalding protocols with varying exposure times to hot water. An additional scald group with a shorter observational time was generated to reduce mortality and study the very early phase of pathophysiology. At 24h or 72h, blood was drawn and tissue (wound, liver, lung, spleen) was analyzed for the presence of NETs, oxidative stress, apoptosis, bacterial translocation, and extracellular matrix re-organization. In addition, we analyzed the transcriptome from lung and liver tissues.ResultsExposure to hot water for 7s led to significant systemic and local effects and caused considerable late mortality. Therefore, we used an observation time of 24h in this groups. To study later phases of burns (72h) an exposure time of 6s is optimal. Both conditions led to significant disorganization of collagen, increased oxidative stress, NET formation (by immunodetection of H3cit, NE, MPO), apoptosis (cC3) and alterations of the levels of DNase1 and DNase1L3. Transcriptome analysis revealed remarkable alterations in genes involved in acute phase signaling, cell cohesion, extracellular matrix organization, and immune response.ConclusionWe identified two scald models that allow the analysis of early (24h) or late (72h) severe burn effects, thereby generating reproducible and standardized scald injuries. The study elucidated the important involvement of neutrophil activity and the role of NETs in burns. Extensive transcriptome analysis characterized the acute phase and tissue remodeling pathways involved in the process of healing and may serve as crucial basis for future in-depth studies.

Significant progress has been achieved in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, results in patients with aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) have been disappointing. Here, we report retrospectively collected data from intensively pretreated AVPC patients (n = 17; 88.2% visceral metastases; 82% elevation of neuroendocrine markers) treated with salvage chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and paclitaxel (TIP). At the interim analysis, 60% of patients showed radiographic response or stable disease (PFS = 2.5 months; OS = 6 months). In men who responded to chemotherapy, an OS > 15 months was observed. Preclinical analyses confirmed the high activity of the TIP regimen, especially in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. This effect was primarily mediated by increased cisplatin sensitivity in the emergence of taxane resistance. Proteomic and functional analyses identified a lower DNA repair capacity and cell cycle machinery deficiency to be causative. In contrast, paclitaxel showed inconsistent effects, partially antagonizing cisplatin and ifosfamide in some AVPC models. Consequently, paclitaxel has been excluded from the TIP combination for future patients. In summary, we report for the first time the promising efficacy of TIP as salvage therapy in AVPC. Our preclinical data indicate a pivotal role for cisplatin in overcoming docetaxel resistance.

Brain metastases (BM) represent a growing problem for breast cancer (BC) patients. Recent studies have demonstrated a strong impact of the BC molecular subtype on the incidence of BM development. This study explores the interaction between BC cells of different molecular subtypes and the blood–brain barrier (BBB). We compared the ability of BC cells of different molecular subtypes to overcome several steps (adhesion to the brain endothelium, disruption of the BBB, and invasion through the endothelial layer) during cerebral metastases formation, in vitro as well as in vivo. Further, the impact of these cells on the BBB was deciphered at the molecular level by transcriptome analysis of the triple-negative (TNBC) cells themselves as well as of hBMECs after cocultivation with BC cell secretomes. Compared to luminal BC cells, TNBC cells have a greater ability to influence the BBB in vitro and consequently develop BM in vivo. The brain-seeking subline and parental TNBC cells behaved similarly in terms of adhesion, whereas the first showed a stronger impact on the brain endothelium integrity and increased invasive ability. The comparative transcriptome revealed potential brain-metastatic-specific key regulators involved in the aforementioned processes, e.g., the angiogenesis-related factors TNXIP and CXCL1. In addition, the transcriptomes of the two TNBC cell lines strongly differed in certain angiogenesis-associated factors and in several genes related to cell migration and invasion. Based on the present study, we hypothesize that the tumor cell’s ability to disrupt the BBB via angiogenesis activation, together with increased cellular motility, is required for BC cells to overcome the BBB and develop brain metastases.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the attitudes, self-efficacy, and study habits of prospective music teachers in terms of various variables. The sample of this study, designed as a relational survey model, consists of a total 349 prospective music teachers studying at 5 state universities in the Aegean Region. Three measurement tools were used to collect data in the study. Participants' attitudes towards the piano course differed significantly by their gender, grade, perception of success, daily practice time, and piano ownership status. Prospective music teachers' selfefficacy towards piano courses differed significantly according to their gender, type of high school graduated, perception of success, daily practice time, and piano ownership status. Participants' self-efficacy also significantly differed by gender, type of high school graduated, perception of success, daily practice time, and piano ownership status. Participants' study habits significantly differed by type of high school graduated, perception of success, and daily practice time. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant relationship between students' attitude scores and their study habits scores, as well as a significant relationship between selfefficacy scores and study habits scores, and a moderately significant relationship between self-efficacy scores and attitude scores. Lastly, the correlation coefficient between the study's predictive variable (piano study habits) and the predicted variable (attitude) was found to be 0.574, indicating a moderate relationship. In a similar vein, the coefficient of correlation between the predictor variable (piano study habits) and the predicted variable (self-efficacy) was calculated as 0.773, implying a moderate relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant progress has been achieved in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, results in patients with aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) have been disappointing. Here, we report retrospectively collected data from intensively pretreated AVPC patients (n = 17; 88.2% visceral metastases; 82% elevation of neuroendocrine markers) treated with salvage chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and paclitaxel (TIP). At the interim analysis, 60% of patients showed radiographic response or stable disease (PFS = 2.5 months; OS = 6 months). In men who responded to chemotherapy, an OS > 15 months was observed. Preclinical analyses confirmed the high activity of the TIP regimen, especially in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. This effect was primarily mediated by increased cisplatin sensitivity in the emergence of taxane resistance. Proteomic and functional analyses identified a lower DNA repair capacity and cell cycle machinery deficiency to be causative. In contrast, paclitaxel showed inconsistent effects, partially antagonizing cisplatin and ifosfamide in some AVPC models. Consequently, paclitaxel has been excluded from the TIP combination for future patients. In summary, we report for the first time the promising efficacy of TIP as salvage therapy in AVPC. Our preclinical data indicate a pivotal role for cisplatin in overcoming docetaxel resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitisü Dergisi is the property of Adiyaman University, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Education is the property of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Turkey is a crossroads of major population movements throughout history and has been a hotspot of cultural interactions. Several studies have investigated the complex population history of Turkey through a limited set of genetic markers. However, to date, there have been no studies to assess the genetic variation at the whole genome level using whole genome sequencing. Here, we present whole genome sequences of 16 Turkish individuals resequenced at high coverage (32 x -48x). Results We show that the genetic variation of the contemporary Turkish population clusters with South European populations, as expected, but also shows signatures of relatively recent contribution from ancestral East Asian populations. In addition, we document a significant enrichment of non-synonymous private alleles, consistent with recent observations in European populations. A number of variants associated with skin color and total cholesterol levels show frequency differentiation between the Turkish populations and European populations. Furthermore, we have analyzed the 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism region (MAPT locus) and found increased allele frequency of 31.25% for H1/H2 inversion polymorphism when compared to European populations that show about 25% of allele frequency. Conclusion This study provides the first map of common genetic variation from 16 western Asian individuals and thus helps fill an important geographical gap in analyzing natural human variation and human migration. Our data will help develop population-specific experimental designs for studies investigating disease associations and demographic history in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain metastases (BM) represent a growing problem for breast cancer (BC) patients. Recent studies have demonstrated a strong impact of the BC molecular subtype on the incidence of BM development. This study explores the interaction between BC cells of different molecular subtypes and the blood–brain barrier (BBB). We compared the ability of BC cells of different molecular subtypes to overcome several steps (adhesion to the brain endothelium, disruption of the BBB, and invasion through the endothelial layer) during cerebral metastases formation, in vitro as well as in vivo. Further, the impact of these cells on the BBB was deciphered at the molecular level by transcriptome analysis of the triple-negative (TNBC) cells themselves as well as of hBMECs after cocultivation with BC cell secretomes. Compared to luminal BC cells, TNBC cells have a greater ability to influence the BBB in vitro and consequently develop BM in vivo. The brain-seeking subline and parental TNBC cells behaved similarly in terms of adhesion, whereas the first showed a stronger impact on the brain endothelium integrity and increased invasive ability. The comparative transcriptome revealed potential brain-metastatic-specific key regulators involved in the aforementioned processes, e.g., the angiogenesis-related factors TNXIP and CXCL1. In addition, the transcriptomes of the two TNBC cell lines strongly differed in certain angiogenesis-associated factors and in several genes related to cell migration and invasion. Based on the present study, we hypothesize that the tumor cell's ability to disrupt the BBB via angiogenesis activation, together with increased cellular motility, is required for BC cells to overcome the BBB and develop brain metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]