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L’article prend pour objet la genèse de la première mise en scène de L’Amante Anglaise de Marguerite Duras due à Claude Régy, une genèse heureuse, du fait de l’influence réciproque entre l’écriture et la scène. Il affronte, sans la résoudre, une question théorique majeure de la critique génétique appliquée au théâtre: l’œuvre à étudier est-elle le texte dramatique, ou bien le spectacle? Selon que l’on privilégie la première réponse ou la seconde, l’axe organisateur du dossier génétique est le travail scriptural de l’auteur, toutes les mises en scène de L’Amante anglaise formant alors un ensemble théoriquement unifié, ou bien celui du metteur en scène, l’ensemble cohérent étant constitué par toutes les créations de ce dernier. L’étude explore une troisième voie en stipulant un nécessaire croisement des deux hypothèses.

Est-il possible d’ap- pliquer au théâtre la méthode génétique, connue pour avoir fait ses preuves en littérature? L’œuvre théâtrale est un ensemble hétérogène de données textuelles et scéniques, une entité éphémère et fugitive, puisque toute mise en scène, mais aussi chaque représentation en- gendre nécessairement de nouvelles modifications: coupures dans le texte, variantes dans les mouvements des corps, les timbres des voix, les lumières, le rythme de l’événement, etc. Comment, dans ces conditions, retracer la genèse de l’œuvre, entre objets de diverses sortes et multiples achèvements?

The identification of archaeological cetacean specimens to the species level often presents challenges, primarily due to the frequent fragmentation of their remains. This limitation hampers our ability to comprehensively understand the spatiotemporal distributions of cetaceans in the past and constrains our knowledge of early whaling activities. To address this issue, a systematic zooarchaeological review was conducted, encompassing published literature and reports that compile available data related to cetaceans retrieved from archaeological contexts in Portugal, spanning from the Middle Palaeolithic to the 18th century. Furthermore, this study introduces a new discovery of a cetacean specimen from the Roman Republican levels at Castelo Velho de Safara, which has been incorporated into the aforementioned dataset. The taxonomic identification of this specimen was accomplished using Zooarchaeology by Mass-Spectrometry (ZooMS). The study confirms that cetacean remains have been present in Portuguese waters since the Middle Palaeolithic, with higher concentrations in the southern and central regions of the country. ZooMS analysis confirmed the presence of the North Atlantic right whale at the inland site of Castelo Velho de Safara, which supports whale product trading during the Roman Republican period in Portugal. Evidence of cetacean exploitation continues to the Medieval and Modern periods, reflecting a strong cultural link between Portuguese ancient culture and whaling practices., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Nabais et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Adaptive radiation in Ophrys orchids leads to complex floral phenotypes that vary in scent, color and shape. Using a novel pipeline to quantify these phenotypes, we investigated trait divergence at early stages of speciation in six populations of Ophrys aveyronensis experiencing recent allopatry. By integrating different genetic/genomic techniques, we investigated: variation and integration of floral components (scent, color and shape); phenotypes and genomic regions under divergent selection; and the genomic bases of trait variation. We identified a large genomic island of divergence, likely associated with phenotypic variation in particular in floral odor. We detected potential divergent selection on macular color, while stabilizing selection was suspected on floral morphology and for several volatile olfactive compounds. We also identified candidate genes involved in anthocyanin and in steroid biosynthesis pathways associated with standing genetic variation in color and odor. This study sheds light on early differentiation in Ophrys, revealing patterns that often become invisible over time, that is the geographic mosaic of traits under selection and the early appearance of strong genomic divergence. It also supports a crucial genomic region for future investigation and highlights the value of a multifaceted approach in unraveling speciation within taxa with large genomes., (© 2024 The Author(s). New Phytologist © 2024 New Phytologist Foundation.)

The use of supported rhodium nanoparticles (RhNPs) is gaining attention due to the drive for better catalyst performance and sustainability. Silica-based supports are promising for RhNP immobilization because of their thermal and chemical stability. Functionalizing silica allows for the design of catalysts with improved activity for biomass transformations. In this study, we synthesized rhodium nanoparticles (RhNPs) supported on N-functionalized silica-based materials, utilizing SBA-15 as the support and functionalizing it with either nicotinamide or an imidazolium-based ionic liquid. Solid-state 29 Si and 13 C NMR experiments confirmed successful ligand anchoring onto the silica surface. RhNPs@SBA-15-Imz[NTf 2 ] and RhNPs@SBA-15-NIC were efficiently prepared and extensively characterized, revealing small, spherical, and well-dispersed fcc Rh nanoparticles on the support surface, confirmed by XPS analyses detecting metallic rhodium, Rh(I), and Rh(III) species. The catalytic performance of these materials is assessed in the hydrogenation of biomass-derived substrates, including furfural, levulinic acid, terpenes, vanillin, and eugenol, among others, underscoring their potential in sustainable chemical transformations. The nanocatalysts demonstrated excellent recyclability and resistance to metal leaching over multiple cycles. The study shows that neutral and ionic silica grafting fragments differently stabilize RhNPs, affecting their morphology, size, and interaction with silanol groups, which impacts their catalytic activity.

Human cognition supports complex behaviour across a range of situations, and traits (e.g. personality) influence how we react in these different contexts. Although viewing traits as situationally grounded is common in social sciences, often studies attempting to link brain activity to human traits examine brain-trait associations in a single task, or, under passive conditions like wakeful rest. These studies, often referred to as brain wide association studies (BWAS) have recently become the subject of controversy because results are often unreliable even with large sample sizes. Although there are important statistical reasons why BWAS yield inconsistent results, we hypothesised that the situation in which brain activity is measured will impact the power in detecting a reliable link to specific traits. We performed a state-space analysis where tasks from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) were organized into a low-dimensional space based on how they activated different large-scale neural systems. We examined how individuals' observed brain activity across these different contexts related to their personality. We found that for multiple personality traits, stronger associations with brain activity emerge in some tasks than others. These data highlight the importance of context-bound views for understanding how brain activity links to trait variation in human behaviour., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as developmental coordination disorder (DCD), exhibit gross to fine sensorimotor impairments, reduced physical activity and interactions with the environment and people. This disorder co-exists with cognitive deficits, executive dysfunctions and learning impairments. Previously, we demonstrated in rats that limited amounts and atypical patterns of movements and somatosensory feedback during early movement restriction manifested in adulthood as degraded postural and locomotor abilities, and musculoskeletal histopathology, including muscle atrophy, hyperexcitability within sensorimotor circuitry and maladaptive cortical plasticity, leading to functional disorganization of the primary somatosensory and motor cortices in the absence of cortical histopathology. In this study, we asked how this developmental sensorimotor restriction (SMR) started to impact the integration of multisensory information and the emergence of sensorimotor reflexes in rats. We also questioned the enduring impact of SMR on motor activities, pain and memory. SMR led to deficits in the emergence of swimming and sensorimotor reflexes, the development of pain and altered locomotor patterns and posture with toe-walking, adult motor performance and night spontaneous activity. In addition, SMR induced exploratory hyperactivity, short-term impairments in object-recognition tasks and long-term deficits in object-location tasks. SMR rats displayed minor alterations in histological features of the hippocampus, entorhinal, perirhinal and postrhinal cortices yet no obvious changes in the prefrontal cortex. Taken all together, these results show similarities with the symptoms observed in children with DCD, although further exploration seems required to postulate whether developmental SMR corresponds to a rat model of DCD., (© 2024 The Author(s). European Journal of Neuroscience published by Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Purpose: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging has been widely used in clinical practice. Long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) systems have enhanced clinical practice by leveraging their technological advantages and have emerged as the new state-of-the-art PET imaging modalities. A consensus was conducted to explore expert views in this emerging field to comprehensively elucidate the proposed workflow in LAFOV PET/CT examinations and highlight the potential challenges inherent in the workflow., Methods: A multidisciplinary task group formed by 28 experts from six countries over the world discussed and approved the consensus based on the published guidelines, peer-reviewed articles of LAFOV PET/CT, and the collective experience from clinical practice. This consensus focuses on the workflow that allows for a broader range of imaging protocols of LAFOV PET/CT, catering to diverse patient needs and in line with precision medicine principles., Results: This consensus describes the workflows and imaging protocols of LAFOV PET/CT for various imaging scenarios including routine static imaging, dynamic imaging, low-activity imaging, fast imaging, prolonged imaging, delayed imaging, and dual-tracer imaging. In addition, imaging reconstruction and reviewing specific to LAFOV PET/CT imaging, as well as the main challenges facing installation and application of LAFOV PET/CT scanner were also summarized., Conclusion: This consensus summarized the various imaging workflow, imaging protocol, and challenges of LAFOV PET/CT imaging, aiming to enhance the clinical and research applications of these scanners., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Primary vulvar and vaginal adenocarcinomas of intestinal-type (VVAIts) are very rare tumors, displaying morphological and immunohistochemical overlap with colorectal adenocarcinomas. However, their immunoprofile and genomics are poorly studied, and their origin is still debated. Herein, we studied a series of 4 vulvar and 4 vaginal adenocarcinomas of intestinal-type using a large panel of immunohistochemistry, and DNA and RNA sequencing with clustering analyses. All tumors shared a similar morphology with colorectal adenocarcinomas and diffuse CK20 and CDX2 expression. SATB2 diffuse positivity was observed in 62.5% of tumors and CK7 in 82.5%, while PAX8, SOX17, p16, estrogen and progesterone receptors were always negative. A p53 mutated-type expression was observed in 75% of tumors. All tumors were MMR proficient. No HPV DNA nor pathogenic transcript fusions were detected. The most frequent molecular alterations were TP53 and KRAS variants in 71.4% and 42.9%, respectively. The transcriptomic analysis highlighted a robust VVAIts cluster distinct from endocervical, ovarian, lung, thyroid, salivary glands, breast, and renal carcinomas, but failed to differentiate vulvar from vaginal intestinal-type tumors. On two different clustering analyses, VVAIts clustered altogether, very close to colorectal adenocarcinomas. Compared to endocervical adenocarcinomas of intestinal-type, VVAIts had a significantly lower expression of SOX17 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes, and a higher MAP-Kinase pathway gene expression. These results suggest that Müllerian structures leading to cervical adenocarcinomas may undergo intestinal-type transdifferentiation via an EMT phenomenon. Conversely, MAP-Kinase pathway activation in VVAIts, which plays a major role in colorectal adenocarcinomas, may indicate a close relationship in the carcinogenesis of these tumors. Our results indicate that adenocarcinomas of intestinal-type, in distal vagina or vestibular vulva, might be a unique and single entity, probably originating from cloacogenic embryonic remnants and/or ectopic colorectal mucosae inclusions. An open question would be to explore the efficacy of systemic drugs prescribed in colorectal cancers, in VVAIts., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Durvalumab, an anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, after radio-chemotherapy (RCT) has changed the management of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA NSCLC). A series of retrospective studies have investigated different cut-off of lymphocyte count (LyC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict survival in LA NSCLC. None of these studies has validated their threshold in an independent group of patients. We wanted to assess the OS prognostic value of NLR and LyC in patients with LA NSCLC treated by RCT and durvalumab, with threshold determination and their validation in an external cohort., Methods: Patients were enrolled in four institutions between Oct. 2017 and Jan. 2022. Pre durvalumab LyC, neutrophils count (NC) and NLR were collected. To define NLR and LyC cut-off value predicting survival event, time dependent Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves was performed. Survival outcomes were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and differences were compared using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models., Results: We included 76 patients in the training set and 85 in the test set. The best cut off were 2,94 for NLR and 0,61 G/l for LyC to predict OS in the training set. For patients with NLR > 2,94, univariate analysis showed no significant deterioration in OS in either the training set (p = 0,066) or the test set (p = 0,12). Patients with LyC > 0,61 G/L, in univariate analysis, had longer OS in training set (p = 0,030) and in test set (p = 0,0062). This OS increase was not found in multivariate analysis (p = 0,057) in training set but was confirmed in test set (0,039)., Conclusion: LyC > 0,61 G/l is associated with longer OS for LA NSCLC patient's treated with RCT and durvalumab in univariate analysis. In this context, a particular expectation for organs at risk sparing during RT to avoid lymphopenia seems important., Trial Registration: Retrospectively registered., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The tethered counterion-directed catalysis (TCDC) strategy enables the Au(I)-catalyzed highly enantioselective synthesis of bicyclic furan derivatives via a reaction sequence combining the cycloisomerization of 2-alkynyl enones and the addition of nucleophiles. A large range of oxygenated nucleophiles, such as water, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and peroxides, have successfully been used as nucleophiles, delivering the chiral furane derivatives in high enantioselectivities (mostly above 90% enantiomeric excess). The CPAphosAuCl complexes were used with catalytic loadings as low as 0.2 mol % in most cases, in combination with silver carbonate as the chloride abstractor.

Xanthates are widely used in organic synthesis for the construction of various molecules and have numerous applications as bioactive compounds. Here, we present their preparation via a straightforward photocatalytic decarboxylative xanthylation process involving readily available oxime esters and xanthate dimers. This approach provides access to a wide variety of xanthate compounds in moderate to good yields, including xanthates derived from relevant pharmaceutical and bioactive molecules.

1 H photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) has recently emerged as a tool to enhance bulk 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals in solids at magnetic fields ranging from 0.3 to 21.1 T, using synthetic donor-chromophore-acceptor (D-C-A) molecules as optically active polarizing agents (PAs). However, the mechanisms at play for the generation of spin polarization in these systems have not been determined but are essential for an in-depth understanding and further development of the process. Here, we introduce site-selective deuteration to identify the 1 H photo-CIDNP mechanisms at 85 K and 0.3 T in D-C-A molecule PhotoPol. We find that the protons on the acceptor moiety are essential for the generation of polarization, establishing differential relaxation as the main mechanism. These results establish selective deuteration as a tool to identify and suppress polarization transfer mechanisms, which opens up pathways for further optimization of the optical PA at both low and high magnetic fields.

Objective: The early consumption of calorie-rich diet disrupts circadian rhythms and has adverse effects on memory, yet the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) and the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, we set out to identify the behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms disruptions generated by juvenile obesogenic diet consumption and their restoration by TRF in male mice., Methods: Metabolic rhythms were measured by indirect calorimetry and memory performances by behavioral tasks. Hippocampal translatome (pS6_TRAP), enrichment and co-regulated gene network analyses were conducted to identify the molecular pathways involved in memory impairments and their restoration by TRF. Differential exon usage analyses, mass spectrometry and pharmacological intervention were used to confirm thyroid hormone signaling involvement., Results: We show that four weeks of TRF restore the rhythmicity of metabolic parameters and prevents memory impairments in mice fed a high fat-high sucrose (HFS) diet since weaning, independently of body fat levels. Hippocampal translatome and differential exon usage analyses indicate that impaired memory of mice under ad libitum HFS diet is accompanied by reduced thyroid hormone signaling and altered expression of astrocytic genes regulating glutamate neurotransmission. TRF restored the diurnal expression variation of part of these genes and intra-hippocampal infusion of T3, the active form of thyroid hormone, rescues memory performances and astrocytic gene expression of ad libitum HFS diet-fed mice., Conclusions: Thus, thyroid hormones contribute to the TRF positive effects on both metabolism and memory in mice fed an obesogenic diet, highlighting this nutritional approach as a powerful tool in addressing obesity brain comorbidities and paving the way for further mechanistic studies on hippocampal thyroid signaling., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.)

Age-related brain changes affect sleep and are reflected in properties of sleep slow-waves, however, the precise mechanisms behind these changes are still not completely understood. Here, we adapt a previously established whole-brain model relating structural connectivity changes to resting state dynamics, and extend it to a slow-wave sleep brain state. In particular, starting from a representative connectome at the beginning of the aging trajectory, we have gradually reduced the inter-hemispheric connections, and simulated sleep-like slow-wave activity. We show that the main empirically observed trends, namely a decrease in duration and increase in variability of the slow waves are captured by the model. Furthermore, comparing the simulated EEG activity to the source signals, we suggest that the empirically observed decrease in amplitude of the slow waves is caused by the decrease in synchrony between brain regions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 Lupi et al.)

Mobile elements known as T-DNAs are transferred from pathogenic Agrobacterium to plants and reprogram the host cell to form hairy roots or tumors. Disarmed non-oncogenic T-DNAs are extensively used to deliver transgenes in plant genetic engineering. Such T-DNAs were the first known targets of RNA silencing mechanisms, which detect foreign RNA in plant cells and produce small RNAs that induce transcript degradation. These T-DNAs can also be transcriptionally silenced by the deposition of epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation and the dimethylation of lysine 9 (H3K9me2) in plants. Here, we review the targeting and the roles of RNA silencing and DNA methylation on T-DNAs in transgenic plants as well as during pathogenesis. In addition, we discuss the crosstalk between T-DNAs and genome-wide changes in DNA methylation during pathogenesis. We also cover recently discovered regulatory phenomena, such as T-DNA suppression and RNA silencing-independent and epigenetic-independent mechanisms that can silence T-DNAs. Finally, we discuss the implications of findings on T-DNA silencing for the improvement of plant genetic engineering., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Field trials (FTs) are a necessary step towards future commercialization of biotech crops and products thereof, whether for research and development or cultivation approval. A total of 187 FTs in 30 countries have been compiled for 2022 and 2023 using a survey and intergovernmental databases. FTs have been classified according to methods, crops and traits. Compiled FTs are mostly conducted by the public sector on eight plant species with improved stress resistance, industrial application, yield, and quality. Regarding genome editing (GenEd), 23 FTs (12% of total) are carried out in 6 countries, on 10 crops. Regulations were examined in 141 countries to discuss why in some countries FTs are not performed, although basic biotech research is carried out. The EU particularly is compared to the rest of the world. Regarding the new proposal in the EU for GenEd product classification, it was found that all recent FTs of such products fall in the category that the EU would consider as 'equivalent to conventional plants' (NGT-1). We also studied current cultivation approvals to highlight differences with crops tested in the field and those may be approved in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Ricroch, Desachy, Penfornis, Akin, Kondić-Špika, Kuntz and Miladinović.)

The wide array of cognitive functions associated with the hippocampus is supported through interactions with the cerebral cortex. However, most of the direct cortical input to the hippocampus originates in the entorhinal cortex, forming the hippocampal-entorhinal system. In humans, the role of the entorhinal cortex in mediating hippocampal-cortical interactions remains unknown. In this study, we used precision neuroimaging to examine the distributed cortical anatomy associated with the human hippocampal-entorhinal system. Consistent with animal anatomy, our results associate different subregions of the entorhinal cortex with different parts of the hippocampus long axis. Furthermore, we find that the entorhinal cortex comprises three band-like zones that are associated with functionally distinct cortical networks. Importantly, the entorhinal cortex bands traverse the proposed human homologs of rodent lateral and medial entorhinal cortices. Finally, we show that the entorhinal cortex is a major convergence area of distributed cortical processing and that the topography of cortical networks associated with the anterior medial temporal lobe mirrors the macroscale structure of high-order cortical processing., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The study of the mechanism of action of classical psychedelics has gained significant interest due to their clinical potential in the treatment of several psychiatric conditions, including major depressive and anxiety disorders. These drugs bind 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (5-HTR) including 5-HT 1A R, 5-HT 2A R, 5-HT 2B R, and/or 5-HT 2 C R, as well as other targets. 5-HTRs regulate the activity of ascending monoaminergic neurons, a mechanism primarily involved in the action of classical antidepressant drugs, antipsychotics, and drugs of abuse. Sparse neurochemical data have been produced on the control of monoaminergic neuron activity in response to classical psychedelics. Here we review the available data in order to determine whether classical psychedelics have specific neurochemical effects on serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic neurons. The data show that these drugs have disparate effects on each monoaminergic system, demonstrating a complex response with state-dependent and region-specific effects. For instance, several psychedelics inhibit the firing of serotonergic neurons, although this is not necessarily associated with a decrease in serotonin release in all regions. Noradrenergic neuron spontaneous activity also appears to be inhibited by psychedelics, also not necessarily associated with a decrease in noradrenaline release in all regions. Psychedelics influence on dopaminergic systems is also complex as the above-mentioned 5-HTRs may have opposing effects on dopaminergic neuron activity, in a state-dependent manner. There is an apparent lack of clear neuronal signature induced by psychedelics on monoaminergic neuron activity despite specific recurrent mechanisms. This review provides a current summary of the action of psychedelics on monoamine neuromodulators serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline, compiling reoccurring and contradictory findings demonstrating that a monoamine signature of psychedelics, if applicable, would be state- and region-dependant., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All the authors declare that they have no established conflicting financial interests or personal relationships that may have influenced the research presented in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objectives: The rs763361 nonsynonymous variant in the CD226 gene, which results in a glycine-to-serine substitution at position 307 of the CD226 protein, has been implicated as a risk factor of various immune-mediated diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Compelling evidence suggests that this allele may play a significant role in predisposing individuals to MS by decreasing the immune-regulatory capacity of Treg cells and increasing the proinflammatory potential of effector CD4 T cells. However, the impact of this CD226 gene variant on CD8 T-cell functions, a population that also plays a key role in MS, remains to be determined., Methods: To study whether the CD226 risk variant affects human CD8 T-cell functions, we used CD8 T cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell of 16 age-matched healthy donors homozygous for either the protective or the risk allele of CD226. We characterized these CD8 T cells on T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation using high-parametric flow cytometry and bulk RNAseq and through characterization of canonical signaling pathways and cytokine production., Results: On TCR engagement, the phenotype of ex vivo CD8 T cells bearing the protective (CD226-307Gly) or the risk (CD226-307Ser) allele of CD226 was largely overlapping. However, the transcriptomic signature of CD8 T cells from the donors carrying the risk allele presented an enrichment in TCR, JAK/STAT, and IFNγ signaling. We next found that the CD226-307Ser risk allele leads to a selective increase in the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) associated with enhanced phosphorylation of STAT4 and increased production of IFNγ., Discussion: Our data suggest that the CD226-307Ser risk variant imposes immune dysregulation by increasing the pathways related to IFNγ signaling in CD8 T cells, thereby contributing to the risk of developing chronic inflammation.

We present a MgB 2 -based Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) featuring a quality factor Q i ~ 10 5 and noise equivalent power NEP ~ 10 -14 W/Hz at 2 K. In comparison to YBCO-based MKIDs, the MgB 2 detector shows greater sensitivity to both temperature and magnetic field, a result of its two-gap nature and relatively low critical Hc2 field. Our data indicate that MgB 2 is more advantageous for MKID applications at temperatures lower than 3 K.

The application of AI to analytical and separative sciences is a recent challenge that offers new perspectives in terms of data prediction. In this work, we report an AI-based software, named Chrompredict 1.0, which based on chromatographic data of a novel mesogenic crown ether stationary phase (CESP). Its molecular design represents a significant advancement due to the unique combination of properties and binding capabilities, including the formation of a cavity, mesogenic behavior via mobile chains, and a range of polar and non-polar interactions (aromatic rings, N=N and C=O double bonds, alkyl chains, π-π interactions, and hydrogen bonding). The mesogenic phase is effective in both normal and reversed-phase chromatography, enhancing the software's adaptability across diverse datasets. Here we introduce for the first time an unprecedented scientific approach, integrating deep learning techniques with the novel CESP, which demonstrates exceptional thermal and analytical performance in both liquid chromatography modes, especially in the separation of complex hydrocarbon isomers. This ability enables the results obtained with CESP to extend across various types of stationary phases. Leveraging these insights, a comprehensive chromatographic dataset on a series of aromatic and polyaromatic molecules interacting with our CESP was used to train a Deep Learning Model (DLM). This model is embedded within a user-friendly software, Chrompredict 1.0, designed for predicting chromatographic parameters (MAE = 0.042, R² = 0.95) by selecting chemical descriptors directly from SMILES notation. It offers a deeper understanding of molecular structure and interactions through exploratory data analysis, identifying key factors affecting model accuracy and chromatographic behavior. Users can configure hyperparameters, choose from six machine learning models, and compare their performance with DLM. Chrompredict 1.0 excels in retention behavior prediction for compounds with known structures, and it accurately predicts chromatographic retention and thermal characteristics for different temperatures in HPLC and GC. The model has been successfully tested with METLIN database of 1,023 small molecules of diverse structures and polarities (R² > 0.75, error range ±7.8 s). Overall, the CESP, combined with Chrompredict 1.0, offers a robust tool for intelligent chromatographic analysis, encompassing chemo-informatics, statistical analysis, and graphical capabilities across a broad range of compounds and stationary phases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

CHASERR encodes a human long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) adjacent to CHD2 , a coding gene in which de novo loss-of-function variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Here, we report our findings in three unrelated children with a syndromic, early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, each of whom had a de novo deletion in the CHASERR locus. The children had severe encephalopathy, shared facial dysmorphisms, cortical atrophy, and cerebral hypomyelination - a phenotype that is distinct from the phenotypes of patients with CHD2 haploinsufficiency. We found that the CHASERR deletion results in increased CHD2 protein abundance in patient-derived cell lines and increased expression of the CHD2 transcript in cis . These findings indicate that CHD2 has bidirectional dosage sensitivity in human disease, and we recommend that other lncRNA-encoding genes be evaluated, particularly those upstream of genes associated with mendelian disorders. (Funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute and others.)., (Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.)

This study introduces an integrated computational environment that leverages Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology to enhance information access for individuals with severe disabilities. Traditional assistive technologies often rely on physical interactions, which can be challenging for this demographic. Our innovation focuses on creating new assistive technologies that use novel Human-Computer interfaces to provide a more intuitive and accessible experience. The proposed system offers four key applications to users controlled by four thoughts: an email client, a web browser, an e-learning tool, and both command-line and graphical user interfaces for managing computer resources. The BCI framework translates ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) signals into commands or events using advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques. These identified commands are then processed by an integrative strategy that triggers the appropriate actions and provides real-time feedback on the screen. Our study shows that our framework achieved an 82% average classification accuracy using four distinct thoughts of 62 subjects and a 95% recognition rate for P300 signals from two users, highlighting its effectiveness in translating brain signals into actionable commands. Unlike most existing prototypes that rely on visual stimulation, our system is controlled by thought, inducing brain activity to manage the system's Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). It switches to P300 mode for a virtual keyboard and text input. The proposed BCI system significantly improves the ability of individuals with severe disabilities to interact with various applications and manage computer resources. Our approach demonstrates superior performance in terms of classification accuracy and signal recognition compared to existing methods.

Stroke is a significant cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, with variable recovery trajectories posing substantial challenges in anticipating post-event care and rehabilitation planning. The NeuralCup 2023 consortium was established to address these challenges by comparing the predictability of stroke outcome models through a collaborative, data-driven approach. This study presents the consortium's findings, which involved 15 participating teams worldwide. Using a comprehensive dataset, which included clinical and imaging data, we conducted an open competition to identify and compare predictors of motor, cognitive, and neuropsychological (emotional) outcomes one-year post-stroke. Analyses incorporated both traditional and novel methods, including machine learning algorithms. These efforts culminated in the search for 'optimal recipes' for predicting each domain through an exhaustive exploration of the features of all the approaches. Key predictors included lesion characteristics, T1-weighted MRI sequences, and demographic factors. Notably, integrating FLAIR imaging and white matter tract analysis emerged as crucial to improving the accuracy of cognitive and motor outcome predictions, respectively. These findings advocate for a tailored, multifaceted approach to stroke outcome prediction, underscoring the potential of collaborative data science in addressing complex neurological prognostication challenges. This study also sets a new benchmark methodology in stroke research, offering a foundational step toward personalized care strategies that could significantly impact recovery planning and quality of life for stroke survivors., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Currently, routine diagnostics for spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) look for polyQ repeat expansions and conventional variations affecting the proteins encoded by known SCA genes. However, ~40% of the patients still remain without a genetic diagnosis after routine tests. Increasing evidence suggests that variations in the enhancer regions of genes involved in neurodegenerative disorders can also cause disease. Since the enhancers of SCA genes are not yet known, it remains to be determined whether variations in these regions are a cause of SCA. In this pilot project, we aimed to identify the enhancers of the SCA genes ATXN1 , ATXN3 , TBP and ITPR1 in the human cerebellum using 4C-seq, publicly available datasets, reciprocal 4C-seq, and luciferase assays. We then screened these enhancers for copy number variants (CNVs) in a cohort of genetically undiagnosed SCA patients. We identified two active enhancers for each of the four SCA genes. CNV analysis did not reveal any CNVs in the enhancers of the four SCA genes in the genetically undiagnosed SCA patients. However, in one patient, we noted a CNV deletion with an unknown clinical significance near one of the ITPR1 enhancers. These results not only reveal elements involved in SCA gene regulation but can also lead to the discovery of novel SCA-causing genetic variants. As enhancer variations are being increasingly recognized as a cause of brain disorders, screening the enhancers of ATXN1 , ATXN3 , TBP and ITPR1 for variations other than CNVs and identifying and screening enhancers of other SCA genes might elucidate the genetic cause in undiagnosed patients.

Background/objectives: The "One Health" approach underscores the connection between human, animal, and environmental health, promoting solutions to global challenges like climate change and biodiversity loss. The Planetary Health Diet (PHD) promotes a plant-based diet with organically grown plants to reduce the environmental impact of meat production and decrease the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The BIOQUALIM project will evaluate the PHD's effectiveness in preventing NCDs like periodontal diseases and cancers through four inter-related studies., Methods: The clinical study will involve volunteers reducing their meat consumption and incorporating einkorn into their diet, allow for analysis of their interdental microbiota, oral health, general health, and quality of life. The chemical analysis will study nutrients and anti-cancer compounds in einkorn and common wheat varieties. The behavioral study will explore PHD knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to PHD. The psycho-social study will evaluate the impact of peer-support workshops on plant-based dietary cooking among post-therapy cancer patients., Results: The results are expected to demonstrate that einkorn varieties possess nutritional properties that, when incorporated into the PHD enriched with einkorn, can enhance health markers. This study will identify barriers to and facilitators of PHD adoption and highlight how peer-support workshops can improve dietary adherence., Conclusions: BIOQUALIM's transdisciplinary approach will demonstrate the PHD's role in preventing NCDs.

Small ribonucleic acids (RNAs) have been shown to play important roles in cross-kingdom communication, notably in plant-pathogen relationships. Plant micro RNAs (miRNAs)-one class of small RNAs-were even shown to regulate gene expression in the gut microbiota. Plant miRNAs could also affect the rhizosphere microbiota. Here we looked for plant miRNAs in the rhizosphere of model plants, and if these miRNAs could affect the rhizosphere microbiota. We first show that plant miRNAs were present in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon . These plant miRNAs were also found in or on bacteria extracted from the rhizosphere. We then looked at the effect these plants miRNAs could have on two typical rhizosphere bacteria, Variovorax paradoxus and Bacillus mycoides . The two bacteria took up a fluorescent synthetic miRNA but only V. paradoxus shifted its transcriptome when confronted to a mixture of six plant miRNAs. V. paradoxus also changed its transcriptome when it was grown in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis that overexpressed a miRNA in its roots. As there were differences in the response of the two isolates used, we looked for shifts in the larger microbial community. We observed shifts in the rhizosphere bacterial communities of Arabidopsis mutants that were impaired in their small RNA pathways, or overexpressed specific miRNAs. We also found differences in the growth and community composition of a simplified soil microbial community when exposed in vitro to a mixture of plant miRNAs. Our results support the addition of miRNAs to the plant tools shaping rhizosphere microbial assembly., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Microbial Ecology.)