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The integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) can be of great utility in monitoring and evaluating the elderly's health condition and its behavior in performing Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in the perspective to avoid, as long as possible, the delays of recourse to health care institutions (e.g., nursing homes and hospitals). In this research, we propose a predictive model for detecting behavioral and health-related changes in a patient who is monitored continuously in an assisted living environment. We focus on keeping track of the dependency level evolution and detecting the loss of autonomy for an elderly person using a Hidden Markov Model based approach. In this predictive process, we were interested in including the correlation between cardiovascular history and hypertension as it is considered the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, kidney failure and many other diseases. Our simulation was applied to an empirical dataset that concerned 3046 elderly persons monitored over 9 years. The results show that our model accurately evaluates person's dependency, follows his autonomy evolution over time and thus predicts moments of important changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has brought about a paradigm shift in cancer treatment as the use of these drugs has become more frequent and for a longer duration. As a result of T-cell-mediated inflammation at the programmed cell death-1, programmed death-ligand-1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 pathways, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur in various organs and can cause a rare but potentially induced cardiotoxicity. Although irAEs are associated with the efficacy of ICI therapy and better prognosis, there is limited information about the correlation between irAEs and cardiotoxicity and whether the benefits of irAEs apply to patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the association of irAEs and treatment efficacy in patients undergoing ICI therapy with and without a cardiovascular history. Methods We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 409 consecutive patients who received ICI therapy from September 2014 to October 2019. Results Median patient age was 69 years (29.6% were female). The median follow-up period was 278 days. In total, 69 (16.9%) patients had a history of any cardiovascular disease and 14 (3.4%) patients experienced cardiovascular irAEs after ICI administration. The rate of cardiovascular irAEs was higher in patients with prior non-cardiovascular irAEs than without. The prognosis of patients with irAEs ( +) was significantly better than that of the patients without irAEs (P