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In the current educational context, physical education and student sports development face challenges marked by continuous technological evolution. This study proposes a predictive model supported by machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), establishing a connection between cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2max) and student anthropometric data. With a sample of 179 students aged 13 to 18, the model-building process included preparing and partitioning a dataset, training, and evaluation under the CRISP-DM methodology. A multiple linear regression model was applied, incorporating weight, age, height, sex, and body mass index (BMI) to analyze their relationship with the dependent variable (VO2max). Performance metrics revealed a significant correlation between anthropometric measurements and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), with a 24% improvement in training, although test accuracy was -0.8%. Including additional variables, such as sex and age, they have improved the predictive equations. However, the ability of the model to predict VO2max was limited, suggesting the complexity of the relationship between these factors. In a comprehensive evaluation, five linear regression models achieved a correlation accuracy of 22% with the complete data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality, with statins widely used to reduce its risk. Despite extensive research, the nuanced impact of statin therapy on cardiorespiratory fitness, particularly the reduction in peak oxygen consumption (VO2), is still an open question. This study aims to contribute fresh insights to the ongoing discussion, highlighting the unresolved nature of this clinical matter. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in male and female participants over 18 years of age who were under statins treatment. They were categorized as physically active or inactive according to self-report of physical activity. From 33,804 CPET, 4,941 participants (76 % men, age 42 ± 13 years; and 24 % women, age 41 ± 13 years) were included in the study. Results: The multivariate linear regression model showed that statins were associated with a significant reduction in VO2 peak (−4.2 [-4.8, −3.5] mL/kg/min, p 600 min/week: 6.9 [5.4; 8.4] mL/kg/min, all p 150 min/week). Future research should explore the mechanisms behind this interaction and identify optimal exercise regimens for individuals on statin therapy.

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Abstract Background The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. Obesity affects the lungs and airways, limits peak oxygen uptake, and hampers physical performance; however, objective data are scarce. Does lifestyle modification for weight loss (LM) have an impact on cardiorespiratory capacity (CRC) in patients with class II and class III obesity? Method This was a single‐center prospective 2‐year follow‐up pilot study. Four separated stays in the inpatient specialized medical center Muritunet with an integrated approach to LM, including an individual plan on diet and physical activity (PA) goals. Furthermore, it included lectures and counseling on human anatomy and physiology, nutrition, physical exercise, and motivation, as well as daily PA. Cardiopulmonary and blood chemistry tests were conducted. Results Seventy‐seven participants were included; however, 47% (n = 36) dropped out during follow‐up. Forty‐one participants completed the study. At baseline (BL), the mean age was 45.4 (SD 10.2, range 23–62) years, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 41.3 (SD 5.4) kg/m2, and 85% (n = 35) had one or more comorbidities, such as obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 15, 37%), obstructive sleep apnea (n = 19, 46%), type 2 diabetes (n = 20, 49%), and hypertension (n = 17, 41%). The mean functional residual capacity increased, significantly the second year (p = 0,037). CRC increased significantly the first year (p = 0.032). Weight and BMI declined, reaching statistical significance at 2 years for both males and females (p = 0.033 and p = 0.003, respectively). At BL, the participants reported lower health‐related quality of life compared to the general Norwegian population. Across time the physical component summary score (quality of life) for both males and females (p = 0.011 and p = 0.049, respectively) increased significantly. Conclusion Lifestyle modification for weight loss improves CRC in patients with class II and class III obesity.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actividad Fisica & Deporte is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas & Ambientales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adequate aerobic capacity is crucial to maintaining firefighter safety. The purpose of this study was to compare predicted VO2max scores from a submaximal and maximal step test. Eighteen career male firefighters from a medium sized urban municipality completed both a submaximal Forestry step test and a maximal laboratory WFI step test. A lack of association (p = .017) and low level of agreement (p = .015) was determined between step test protocols producing a mean bias of ± 5.61 mL.kg-1/min-1 with most scores being overestimated. Use of the Forestry step test to predict true VO2max in firefighters should be used with caution when classifying firefighter fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. Obesity affects the lungs and airways, limits peak oxygen uptake, and hampers physical performance; however, objective data are scarce. Does lifestyle modification for weight loss (LM) have an impact on cardiorespiratory capacity (CRC) in patients with class II and class III obesity? Method: This was a single‐center prospective 2‐year follow‐up pilot study. Four separated stays in the inpatient specialized medical center Muritunet with an integrated approach to LM, including an individual plan on diet and physical activity (PA) goals. Furthermore, it included lectures and counseling on human anatomy and physiology, nutrition, physical exercise, and motivation, as well as daily PA. Cardiopulmonary and blood chemistry tests were conducted. Results: Seventy‐seven participants were included; however, 47% (n = 36) dropped out during follow‐up. Forty‐one participants completed the study. At baseline (BL), the mean age was 45.4 (SD 10.2, range 23–62) years, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 41.3 (SD 5.4) kg/m2, and 85% (n = 35) had one or more comorbidities, such as obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 15, 37%), obstructive sleep apnea (n = 19, 46%), type 2 diabetes (n = 20, 49%), and hypertension (n = 17, 41%). The mean functional residual capacity increased, significantly the second year (p = 0,037). CRC increased significantly the first year (p = 0.032). Weight and BMI declined, reaching statistical significance at 2 years for both males and females (p = 0.033 and p = 0.003, respectively). At BL, the participants reported lower health‐related quality of life compared to the general Norwegian population. Across time the physical component summary score (quality of life) for both males and females (p = 0.011 and p = 0.049, respectively) increased significantly. Conclusion: Lifestyle modification for weight loss improves CRC in patients with class II and class III obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bokun Kim,1 Seungyeol Kim2 1Faculty of Sports Health Care, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea; 2College of Arts and Sports, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Seungyeol KimCollege of Arts and Sports, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil Saha-Gu, Busan 604-714, Republic of KoreaTel +82 10 8890 0643Email srkimjp@hanmail.netPurpose: The purpose of this study was to comparatively investigate changes in physiological and physical fitness in previously inactive men with obesity in response to aerobic exercise (AE) or resistance exercise (RE).Methods: A total of 27 inactive men with obesity, aged 34– 60 years, attended a 90-min AE or RE program 3 days/week for 12 weeks. The subjects underwent assessments of energy intake (by a 3-day weighted dietary record), body weight (by a digital scale), body composition (by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), VO2max (by a cycling ergometer), muscle strength (by a Biodex System 3 dynamometer) and blood analysis.Results: There were no significant interactions (P = 0.100∼ 0.730) among energy intake variables. RE led to decreased fat mass (− 4.39%, P < 0.05) and improved cardiorespiratory capacity (+11.66%, P < 0.05), as well as increases in lean mass (+2.12%, P < 0.01) and muscle strength variables (+8.41∼+11.00%, P < 0.01 for all), without significant weight change. Although AE induced decreases in fat mass (− 5.91%, P < 0.05) and weight (− 2.28%, P < 0.05) and improved cardiorespiratory capacity (+19.07%, P < 0.01), lean mass and muscle strength variables remained unchanged. RE showed a stronger positive influence than AE on lean mass (P = 0.003) and muscle strength variables (P = 0.001∼ 0.015), and RE and AE had similar influences on weight, fat mass, cardiorespiratory capacity and blood markers.Conclusion: It may be an efficient exercise regimen to perform RE first and then utilize AE to maintain the changes that occur in response to RE.Keywords: aerobic exercise, body composition, blood marker, cardiorespiratory capacity, obesity, muscle strength, resistance exercise, weight

Background and Aims: Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality, with statins widely used to reduce its risk. Despite extensive research, the nuanced impact of statin therapy on cardiorespiratory fitness, particularly the reduction in peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), is still an open question. This study aims to contribute fresh insights to the ongoing discussion, highlighting the unresolved nature of this clinical matter., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in male and female participants over 18 years of age who were under statins treatment. They were categorized as physically active or inactive according to self-report of physical activity. From 33,804 CPET, 4,941 participants (76 % men, age 42 ± 13 years; and 24 % women, age 41 ± 13 years) were included in the study., Results: The multivariate linear regression model showed that statins were associated with a significant reduction in VO 2 peak (-4.2 [-4.8, -3.5] mL/kg/min, p < 0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, use of beta-blockers, antiarrhythmics, presence of diabetes, and weekly level of physical activity. This reduction in VO 2 peak was attenuated in participants with higher weekly physical activity volume (150 to 300 min/week: 3.2 [2.7; 3.7] mL/kg/min; 301 to 600 min/week: 4.5 [3.7; 5.3] mL/kg/min; and > 600 min/week: 6.9 [5.4; 8.4] mL/kg/min, all p < 0.01)., Conclusions: Statin use is associated with a lower VO 2 peak in adults. However, this adverse effect appears to be mitigated by engaging in regular physical activity (>150 min/week). Future research should explore the mechanisms behind this interaction and identify optimal exercise regimens for individuals on statin therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: [Carlos Eduardo Negrao reports financial support and administrative support were provided by University of Sao Paulo Heart Institute. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.]., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: Physical activity (PA) is one of the most important determinants for physical fitness (PF) in adolescence and young age. The previous study showed that most medical students as part of young population were found to be physically inactive. Our study aims to evaluate the correlation between PA and PF status among medical students. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty five medical students of UNISSULA were enrolled in this study. PA level was measured using international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)-short form. PF status was evaluated by cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2max score), handgrip muscle strength (HGS), and body composition (fat persentage and BMI). The data were analyzed using pearson correlation analysis. Results and discussion: The majority of PA level among participants were low. There was a correlation between PA level and sex (p= 0.001, r = 0.272), PA level and BMI (p = 0.001, r = 0.264), PA level and HGS score (p=0.000, r = 0.345). However, there was no correlation between PA level and VO2max or fat percentage. Conclusion: The PA level and PF status among participants were considered to be low and fair, respectively. Only one component of PF status (HGS) was correlated with PA level. Further investigations on the correlation between PA level and PF status using more objective methods are needed especially when involving medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective is to determine the effect of aerobic endurance training and resistance on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. In a follow-up study with a duration of 36 weeks, between March and May 2018, 30 mismatched patients with a mean age of 49 ± 9.7 years followed after medical management at the Kinesiology Department's medical fitness laboratory and functional exercises of University Clinics of Kinshasa, were subject to an aerobic endurance and resistance training program of 3 days per week, for one hour 30 minutes per day, three sets of 20 minutes of work and 10 minutes of rest, of moderate intensity including: treadmill walking, ergo-cycle exercises with progressive loading and respiratory gymnastics. The paired Student T test was used to compare the continuous variables before and after the program. A significant decrease in most of the parameters studied respectively: (- 23 bpm) p

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Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento: RBCM is the property of Revista Brasileira de Ciencia e Movimento and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of prediction equations for estimating maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) based on the PACER test and different adiposity indicators in Mexican youth. A convenience sample of youth aged 9–18 years from schools in Mexico City was recruited. VO2peak was evaluated with a laboratory exercise test on a treadmill and using a gas analyser and with the 20-m PACER test guidelines. The sample was randomly divided to develop new equations (n = 220) and to evaluate their validity (n = 106). Prediction equations of VO2peak were developed using multiple linear regression models. The adiposity indicators were BMI, waist circumference and body fat. The validity of the new and previously published equations was evaluated based on linear regression models, intra-class coefficient, Akaike's information criterion, mean absolute percentage error and Bland-Altman graphs. Equations with waist circumference and body fat performed better than those with BMI and without any anthropometric indicator. The accuracy of the developed equations (R2 = 57.0%–59.50%) was higher than that of previously published equations (R2 = 24.1%–56.0%). The new equations had lower bias in estimating VO2peak. In Mexican youth, the estimation of VO2peak from the 20-m PACER test is more accurate after including waist circumference or body fat than with BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Background: obesity and lower physical fitness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. Objective: to determine the relationship between health-related physical fitness and physical activity levels, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters for different weight statuses of Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: the participants were 272 girls and 333 boys having a mean age of 12.00 ± 1.23 years. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), standing long jump test (SLJ), handgrip strength, physical activity (PA) levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat (BF) were measured. To establish the relationship between the variables, partial correlations adjusted by sex were carried out and the Chi-square test was applied to compare the proportions between groups. Results: VO2max (p < 0.001) was higher in schoolchildren of normal weight. SBP and DBP were higher in obese schoolchildren (p < 0.001). Physical fitness was inversely related to SBP: VO2max (r = -0.26, p < 0.001), SLJ (r = -0.11, p = 0.007) and handgrip strength (r = -0.10, p = 0.021), and had a positive relationship with PA: VO2max (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), SLJ (r = 0.18, p < 0.001), and handgrip strength (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Moreover, VO2max and SLJ were inversely related to BMI and WC (p < 0.05). The group of obese schoolchildren contained the highest percentage of individuals with hypertension (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the results obtained in this study show that physical fi tness has an inverse relationship with SBP and a positive relationship with PA levels. Besides, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and SLJ are inversely associated with the predictors of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Finally, obese children presented lower physical fitness and included a higher proportion of individuals with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated how aerobic capacity is related to performance in other aspects of health-related physical fitness among schoolchildren. The study involved >15,200 schoolchildren of both genders aged 11–18 years, who were tested with a reliable tests from Eurofit battery for most important aspects of exercise capacity and anthropometrics from 1992 to 2012. The analysis showed that aerobic capacity was weakly but significantly positively related to all other aspects of exercise abilities tested in all age groups for both genders. Variance of performance in agility shuttle run and standing broad jump were each explained by aerobic capacity the strongest (>10%), followed by weaker but still significant positive relation of aerobic capacity with the abilities in bent arm hang and abdominal curl tests (aerobic capacity explaining ∼6.5% of the variance of the performance in these tests), as well as in balance and flexibility tasks (aerobic capacity significantly explaining ∼3% of the variance). Thus, while aerobic capacity in schoolchildren of all ages and both genders can explain the performance in other aspects of physical fitness and especially leg muscle power, the percent of explained variance in the results of any these tests was not high and therefore aerobic capacity should be tested as a separate important fitness parameter which cannot be substituted by other tests from the Eurofit battery.

This study evaluated how aerobic capacity is related to performance in other aspects of health-related physical fitness among schoolchildren. The study involved >15,200 schoolchildren of both genders aged 11–18 years, who were tested with a reliable tests from Eurofit battery for most important aspects of exercise capacity and anthropometrics from 1992 to 2012. The analysis showed that aerobic capacity was weakly but significantly positively related to all other aspects of exercise abilities tested in all age groups for both genders. Variance of performance in agility shuttle run and standing broad jump were each explained by aerobic capacity the strongest (>10%), followed by weaker but still significant positive relation of aerobic capacity with the abilities in bent arm hang and abdominal curl tests (aerobic capacity explaining ∼6.5% of the variance of the performance in these tests), as well as in balance and flexibility tasks (aerobic capacity significantly explaining ∼3% of the variance). Thus, while aerobic capacity in schoolchildren of all ages and both genders can explain the performance in other aspects of physical fitness and especially leg muscle power, the percent of explained variance in the results of any these tests was not high and therefore aerobic capacity should be tested as a separate important fitness parameter which cannot be substituted by other tests from the Eurofit battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Epidemiological studies have described the association between physical fitness and health. Few have reported the impact of seasonal variation on fitness determinants, in elderly. We investigated the effects of summer and winter environmental conditions on physical fitness, in both exercise and non-exercise elders. 371 non-institutionalized older adults (74.1% female; 78.4 ± 5.3 years) randomly recruited from a total sample of 1338 subjects from north of Portugal, were prospectively followed during 1 year and 3 assessments were performed – April (baseline), October (summer season) and April (winter season). Four groups were defined, according to reported habits of exercising: Exercise (EG); Winter Exercise (WG); and Summer Exercise (SG); non-Exercise (nEG). Muscle strength was assessed with handgrip and isometric knee extension test, and aerobic capacity with the 6 min walking test. Repeated measures ANOVA with two between-subjects factors were run for independent variables, considering a three Time points. Significance set at p < .05. Findings show that: (1) men were fitter than women; (2) EG showed better results than nEG (p = .000), but not different than WG or SG, (3) nEG physical fitness was not significantly different from WG and SG; (4) SG and WG showed similar results; (5) there was significant group-by-time interaction for all variables in study. Among elderly, the regular physical exercise determined better cardiorespiratory fitness and levels of strength compared to individuals that were not exercising, however, no season impact was observed. Independently of exercising mode, regular, seasonal or not exercising, the pattern of changes in physical fitness throughout the year was similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): We examined the effects of endurance exercise in the presence of Bunium persicum extract administration on lipid profile and cardiorespiratory capacity in hypercholesterolemic male mice. Materials and Methods: Forty male hypercholesterolemic mice were divided into four groups: Vehicle, Endurance exercise (EE), Bunium persicum extract (BPE), and EE + BPE. The exercise protocol was performed at a speed of 18 m/min, 40 min/day, and 5 days/week for 6 weeks. The BPE was administered orally by a dose of 20 mg/Kg/day. Results: The results indicated that the 6-week endurance training accompanied by Bunium Persicum extract administration increased cardiorespiratory capacity significantly (601±39 vs. 293±20 meters, p

The authors used a conditional accuracy function (CAF) method to compute the mean accuracy of multiple reaction time ranges, to investigate the association between aerobic fitness and the utilization of cognitive control strategy during preadolescence. Thirty-eight higher- and lower-fit children were grouped according to their cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2max) and completed a modified flanker task. Seventeen young adults were recruited as a reference group of maturation. The results showed that higher-fit children exhibited an adult-like performance pattern, and demonstrated increased overall response accuracy compared to lower-fit children, with a disproportionally larger increase in individual responses when the time allowed for discriminative processing was constrained. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness is associated with enhanced cognitive control and development of a more proactive control strategy during flanker task in preadolescent children. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The optimal package of components for a prehabilitation intervention remains unclear. The aim was to determine the efficacy of supervised exercise prehabilitation programs to enhance patient fitness and improve surgical outcomes. The protocol was preregistered (PROSPERO: CRD42020180693). PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, CENTRAL, PeDro, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of supervised prehabilitation programs before major abdominal surgery were included. Physical function, cardiorespiratory capacity and surgical outcomes were the primary outcomes measures. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias 1.0 tool for RCTs. Data are summarized narratively, and where possible, quantitavely. Meta-analyses results are reported as risk ratios (RR), mean difference of changes between baseline and follow-up time points or mean difference between groups and 95% confidence interval (CI). Twenty RCTs were included in the analysis with a total of 1258 patients. The average 6-min walking distance change was +33 m in the prehabilitation group compared to the usual care (UC) group after prehabilitation (95% CI: [13, 53], P < 0.01). Only in studies with more than one supervised session per week changes in 6-min-walk distance were significantly higher in the prehabilitation group compared to the UC group after prehabiliatation (Mean difference: 47 m, 95% [CI]: [20–75], P < 0.01). The change in peak volume of oxygen uptake during a maximum cardiopulmonary test was +1.47 mL·kg−1·min−1 in the prehabilitation group compared to the UC group (95% CI: [0.68, 2.25], P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the change in oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold between groups (Mean differences: 0.47, 95% CI: [−0.16, 1.10], P:0.14). Post-operative complications incidence was similar between groups (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: [0.61, 1.05], P:0.11), irrespective of the frequency of supervised session per week (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: [0.43, 1.03], P:0.07). In conclusion, prehabilitation programmes with more than one supervised session per week improved physical function but did not enhance surgical outcomes. • >1 supervised session during prehabilitation programs are needed to enhance 6MWD, before surgery. • Supervised exercise prehabilitation programs improve the recovery of 6MWD within the first 4 weeks after surgery. • Supervised exercise prehabilitation programs improve TUG and VO 2 peak before surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• Aerobic exercise improved glucose metabolism in obese men with prediabetes. • Aerobic exercise decreased body mass, ROCK2 activity, and hs-CRP serum levels. • Aerobic exercise was effective/safe way to prevent type 2 diabetes. : Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that is related to prediabetes, increased Rhoassociated kinase 2 (ROCK2) activity and concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate the effects of 12-week moderate aerobic exercise on ROCK2 activity, hs-CRP, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and glycemic index in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. : In a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test, 42 obese men with prediabetes [mean±SD, age: 44.73 ± 3.30 years, body mass index (BMI): 33.22 ± 2.05 kg/m2, HbA1c: 6.29% ± 0.75] were allocated into two randomized homogeneous groups: Aerobic training group (AT, n = 22) or control group (C, n = 20). Exercise group performed a moderate aerobic exercise program three sessions per week, 60 min per session for 12 weeks. Body mass, BMI, maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max), serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B); HbA1c, hs-CRP, or ROCK2 activity were measured before and after the study period. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA 2 × 2 and paired sample t-test at a significant level of p < 0.05. : AT caused a significant reduction in body mass (p ≤ 0.001), BMI (p = 0.04), HOMA-B (p = 0.003), serum levels of FBG (p = 0.002), HbA1c (p = 0.039), hs-CRP (p ≤ 0.0001), and ROCK2 activity (p = 0.001). In contrast, in the same group, a significant increase was observed in VO 2 max (p = 0.04). : The results of this study showed that moderate aerobic exercise was an effective and safe method to prevent type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in obese men with prediabetes by improving glucose metabolism, reduction of body mass, ROCK2 activity and serum levels of hs-CRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The present study aimed to characterize the functional capacity, disease status, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life of a sample of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). The associations between these measures were also investigated.Methods. Fourteen individuals with SCA were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing; functionality with the Berg Balance Scale and the Dynamic Gait Index; severity of ataxia with the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia Score and the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale; and health-related quality of life measures with the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.Results. The severity of SCA was associated with poor physical conditioning, overall functionality and quality of life.Conclusion. The knowledge produced by this study is important to motivate health professionals to promote exercise prescription to SCA patients. This study may point the way to the development of evidence-based protocols to recover and/or maintain functional and exercise capacity as well as to provide knowledge for the prevention of functional losses related not only to the disease but also to inactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background and aims Whether low-volume, high-intensity, interval training (HIIT) is an adequate exercise method for improving metabolic risk factors is controversial. Moreover, it is not known if performing a short-term, low-calorie diet intervention (LCDi) after a HIIT program affects risk factors. This study investigated how an 8-week, 3 times/week exercise intervention (EXi) incorporating either HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) followed by a 4-week LCDi affects risk factors. Methods and results Twenty-six male workers with metabolic risk factors (47.4 ± 7.1 years; cardiorespiratory capacity ( V ˙ O 2 peak ) of 28.5 ± 3.9 ml/kg/min) were randomly assigned to either the HIIT (3 sets of 3-min cycling with a 2-min active rest between sets, 180 kcal) or MICT (45 min, 360 kcal) group. After the EXi, all subjects participated in a 4-week LCDi (4 counseling sessions). During the EXi, V ˙ O 2 peak improved more ( P < 0.05) through HIIT (25.4 ± 14.6%) than through MICT (14.9 ± 12.8%), whereas improvements in body fat and HDL cholesterol were similar. During the LCDi, some risk factors improved further ( P < 0.05) without any group differences, while V ˙ O 2 peak in the HIIT group decreased ( P < 0.05) to the same level as in the MICT group. Conclusion V ˙ O 2 peak increased more with HIIT than with MICT during the EXi despite HIIT having a lower exercise volume than MICT, but this advantage of HIIT promptly disappeared through detraining. An intervention strategy consisting of 8 weeks of either HIIT or MICT followed by a 4-week LCDi has a positive effect on metabolic risk factors. Clinical Trial Registration: UMIN11352 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which aims to investigate the effects and integration of intrasession exercise in the water-based concurrent training of young women. Among the key factors assessed to determine the effects of intrasession exercise include the rate of force development (RFD), the peak oxygen uptale, and the neuromuscular economy. Results show that there was no significant changes in the performance of young women who participated in an intrasession exercise training.

Exercise is being increasingly established as a key adjuvant therapy in clinical oncology. As research has demonstrated the beneficial effect of exercise for cancer management, a growing number of patients with cancer are undertaking structured exercise programs. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the safety and feasibility of formal exercise testing in clinical settings as it is becoming increasingly used as a screening tool and for exercise prescription purposes. Methods: One hundred and twelve patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) took part in a physician-supervised multistage maximal stress test (Bruce protocol). Sixty patients had been on ADT for <3 months (acute), whereas 52 had been on ADT for >3 months (chronic). Results: Of these men, 85% were able to meet the criteria for the attainment of VO2max, whereas three positive tests (3.2%) were observed. The three participants who recorded a positive stress test underwent further medical examination and were subsequently cleared of clinically significant cardiovascular disease. Apart from the relatively low VO2max (24.7 ± 6.0 mL•kg-1 •min-1, 10th—15th percentile), compared with normative data in healthy age-matched controls, the cardiovascular response to exercise was similar in this cancer population. Moreover, treatment duration did not seem to influence cardiovascular responses to exercise. This early evidence suggests that risk of adverse events during maximal exercise testing is relatively low in this population and certainly no higher than that in ages-matched, apparently healthy individuals. Conclusions: Maximal exercise testing was demonstrated to be feasible and safe, providing a direct assessment of VO2max. The relatively low number of positive tests in this study suggests that the risk of adverse events is relatively low in this population and certainly no higher than that in age-matched, apparently healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested the potential risk-reduction benefits of Mediterranean Diet (MD) and regular exercise training on microvascular activity and cardiorespiratory capacity in postmenopausal women. Fifteen sedentary postmenopausal participants (age = 54.6 ± 3.6) were randomised into either exercise training or exercise combined with following MD for eight-weeks, and were assessed for their cardiorespiratory capacity, and upper- and lower-limb endothelial cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) test using Laser Doppler Fluximetry (LDF), coupled with measuring endothelium-dependent Acetylcholine Chloride (Ach) and -dependent Sodium Nitropurruside (SNP) vasodilators. Exercise training improved cardiorespiratory capacity as indicated by ventilatory threshold (11.5 ± 2.1 vs. 14.0 ± 3.0 ml·kg-1·min-1, p < 0.05) and improved the microcirculatory perfusion results of CVC for both vasodilators Ach (p < 0.001, d = 0.65) and SNP (p = 0.003, d = 0.53) in the lower-limb and ACh (p = 0.01, d = 0.41) and SNP (p = 0.03, d = 0.48) in the upper-limb, all (p < 0.05). However, combining exercise with MD showed a stronger improvement in Ach (p = 0.02, d = 0.36) of the lower limb, than in exercise alone group. The results suggest that regular moderate exercise improves microcirculatory vascular function and increases exercise tolerance, both are responsible for reducing cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. However, combining MD with exercise suggests additional microvascular vasodialiatory improvement, suggesting an effective strategy for further cardiovascular risk-reduction in this high-risk group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fatigue is a common and debilitating phenomenon experienced by individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can negatively influence rate and extent of functional recovery by reducing participation in brain injury rehabilitation services and increasing maladaptive lifestyle practices. The underlying mechanisms of TBI-related fatigue are not entirely understood and focused research on symptom reduction or prevention is limited. Review: The current review of the literature suggests that the aetiology of TBI-related fatigue can be viewed as a multifactorial and complex model impacting physiological systems (i.e. endocrine, skeletal muscle and cardiorespiratory) that can be directly or indirectly influenced by neuropsychological correlates including cognitive and psychological impairment. Distinguishing central from peripheral fatigue is helpful in this regard. Potential therapeutic strategies and pharmacological agents to help alleviate fatigue in this patient population are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): We examined the effects of endurance exercise in the presence of Bunium persicum extract administration on lipid profile and cardiorespiratory capacity in hypercholesterolemic male mice. Materials and Methods: Forty male hypercholesterolemic mice were divided into four groups: Vehicle, Endurance exercise (EE), Bunium persicum extract (BPE), and EE + BPE. The exercise protocol was performed at a speed of 18 m/min, 40 min/day, and 5 days/week for 6 weeks. The BPE was administered orally by a dose of 20 mg/Kg/day. Results: The results indicated that the 6-week endurance training accompanied by Bunium Persicum extract administration increased cardiorespiratory capacity significantly (601±39 vs. 293±20 meters, p<0.001). Total cholesterol level was significantly reduced in EE + BPE compared with Vehicle and EE groups (p<0.05). LDL-c was lower in EE + BPE compared with the Vehicle (p<0.01). HDL-c in BPE and EE + BPE groups was significantly higher than Vehicle (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). Serum triglyceride level was significantly (p<0.05) lower in BPE than the other three groups. Body weight changes were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: The results suggested that Bunium persicum extract is very useful in improvement of lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic animals. Supplementation of the extract to exercise significantly increased the cardiorespiratory capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background. Paediatric patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) often report their own physical fitness to be hampered. Their physical endurance capacity is known to be significantly lower than that of healthy controls. However, physical endurance was up to now only examined on non-HD days. We were interested in the effect of HD on the cardiorespiratory capacity of children and adolescents on maintenance HD.Methods. We therefore examined the endurance capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle ergospirometer, before and after HD in 14 patients (9 male, 5 female; mean age: 15.1 ± 3.0 years; mean period on HD: 16.3 ± 11.5 months).Results. The feasible time spent on the cycle ergospirometer was significantly reduced after dialysis (8.6 ± 3.2 versus 6.4 ± 2.5 min, P < 0.001), also the maximal workload was decreased (95 ± 36 W to 74 ± 29 W, P < 0.003). The starting and recovery heart rates were higher after than before dialysis. The peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak, VO2 peak/kg) was reduced from 1.644 ± 600 to 1.422 ± 450 mL/min (P < 0.02) and from 35 ± 7 to 31 ± 5 mL/min/kg (P < 0.03), respectively. The respiratory exchange ratio as well as the lactate values showed significant differences in varied workload levels (P < 0.05).Conclusions. Paediatric patients on maintenance HD in general have a significantly lower exercise capacity compared to a healthy age-matched population, which is expressed much more after dialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the cardiovascular responses to passive postural maneuvers (tilt test) and the cardiorespiratory capacity in middle-aged men and women, before and after aerobic physical training. Methods: Seven men (44.6±2.1 years old) and seven women (51.7±4.8 years old) participated in aerobic physical training for 12 weeks. The tilt test protocol (five minutes supine, ten minutes tilted at 70° and five minutes supine) was followed, with arterial blood pressure and heart rate monitoring. A cycle ergometer protocol was used to measure cardiorespiratory capacity. Results: In the sedentary condition, men showed greater parasympathetic influence in heart rate control, as demonstrated by their higher RR interval (iRR) during the tilt test. After training, the iRR values became more similar in the two groups, although the women had higher iRR in the supine position and the men continued to present higher iRR under tilted conditions. The women's blood pressures continued to be higher after training, but heart rate tended to become similar in the two groups. The cardiorespiratory capacity patterns in the two groups were similar after training. Except for absolute heart rate values, for which there were no differences between the groups, the men's values were higher than those of the women for all other variables. It was also observed that, after the training, the women's blood pressures were significantly lower, even though their pressures remained higher than the men's. Conclusions: The training seemed to reduce the women's arterial blood pressure levels and improve both groups' cardiorespiratory capacity, but the men continued to present better performance than the women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: We aimed to determine whether diminished cardiorespiratory capacity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is accompanied by impaired skeletal muscle function as measured by isokinetic dynamometry. We also evaluated the correlation between isokinetic strength and aerobic capacity in these patients. Materials and methods: Fifteen CAD patients and 15 age-matched healthy subjects (mean age 60±6 vs. 57±3.5 years) underwent maximal laboratory exercise testing, a 6-min walking test and an assessment of peripheral skeletal muscle function by use of an isokinetic apparatus. Quadricep and hamstring function was tested at two angular velocities, 150 and 180°s−1 with simultaneous electrocardiography monitoring. The cardiorespiratory and mechanical parameters (VO2, ventilatory threshold [VT], heart rate [HR], and power) were measured at VT and at maximal effort. Results: Quadricep and hamstring peak torque was impaired in CAD patients, with quadriceps peak torque at 180° being 71.13 ± 14 vs. 91.13 ± 23 Nm (P <0.01) and hamstring peak torque 46.50±10 vs. 59.86±12 Nm (P <0.01). CAD subjects presented a deficient aerobic capacity as compared with the healthy subjects at maximal effort. At VT, the VO2, ventilation, and HR were significantly lower in CAD patients, at 13.77±2.33 vs. 17.08±3.59 ml min−1 kg−1 (P <0.05), 29.64 ± 664 vs. 37.76 ± 7.2 ml min−1 (P <0.05), and 86±14 vs. 111±15 beats min−1 (P =0.001), respectively. The 6-min walking distance was significantly shorter for CAD patients than healthy subjects (425.93±52.77 vs. 551.46 ± 57.94 m; P <0.01). In CAD patients quadriceps and hamstring strength was not correlated with VO2 at maximal effort and at VT. Total distance walked during the 6-min walk and VO2max were correlated (r =0.869; P <0.001) but not at VT. Conclusion: CAD patients showed impaired cardiorespiratory capacity accompanied by increased muscle fatigability as compared with healthy subjects. An isokinetic muscle assessment in these patients must be achieved systematically and seems to have value in cardiovascular rehabilitation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Adequate aerobic capacity is crucial to maintaining firefighter safety. The purpose of this study was to compare predicted VO 2max scores from a submaximal and maximal step test. Eighteen career male firefighters from a medium sized urban municipality completed both a submaximal Forestry step test and a maximal laboratory WFI step test. A lack of association ( p = .017) and low level of agreement ( p = .015) was determined between step test protocols producing a mean bias of ± 5.61 mL.kg-1/min-1 with most scores being overestimated. Use of the Forestry step test to predict true VO 2max in firefighters should be used with caution when classifying firefighter fitness.

Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. Obesity affects the lungs and airways, limits peak oxygen uptake, and hampers physical performance; however, objective data are scarce. Does lifestyle modification for weight loss (LM) have an impact on cardiorespiratory capacity (CRC) in patients with class II and class III obesity?, Method: This was a single-center prospective 2-year follow-up pilot study. Four separated stays in the inpatient specialized medical center Muritunet with an integrated approach to LM, including an individual plan on diet and physical activity (PA) goals. Furthermore, it included lectures and counseling on human anatomy and physiology, nutrition, physical exercise, and motivation, as well as daily PA. Cardiopulmonary and blood chemistry tests were conducted., Results: Seventy-seven participants were included; however, 47% ( n  = 36) dropped out during follow-up. Forty-one participants completed the study. At baseline (BL), the mean age was 45.4 (SD 10.2, range 23-62) years, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 41.3 (SD 5.4) kg/m 2 , and 85% ( n  = 35) had one or more comorbidities, such as obstructive pulmonary disease ( n  = 15, 37%), obstructive sleep apnea ( n  = 19, 46%), type 2 diabetes ( n  = 20, 49%), and hypertension ( n  = 17, 41%). The mean functional residual capacity increased, significantly the second year ( p  = 0,037). CRC increased significantly the first year ( p  = 0.032). Weight and BMI declined, reaching statistical significance at 2 years for both males and females ( p  = 0.033 and p  = 0.003, respectively). At BL, the participants reported lower health-related quality of life compared to the general Norwegian population. Across time the physical component summary score (quality of life) for both males and females ( p  = 0.011 and p  = 0.049, respectively) increased significantly., Conclusion: Lifestyle modification for weight loss improves CRC in patients with class II and class III obesity., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by World Obesity and The Obesity Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been widely used to fight cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and adults, but no data are available on its applicability in children., Objectives: To assess the effects of HIIT on different anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of overweight and obese children aged 7-9 years., Material and Methods: Four groups were formed: 1) an overweight control group (OWCG, n=30, BMI=21.60±3.72kg/m 2 ); 2) an obesity control group (OCG, n=34, BMI=23.92±3.11kg/m 2 ); 3) an overweight intervention group (OWIG, n=69, BMI=20.01±1.88kg/m 2 ), and 4) an obesity intervention group (OIG, n=141, BMI=24.12±2.66kg/m 2 ). BMI, body fat (BF), waist circumference, height-waist ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed before and after intervention., Results: There were significant differences in BMI (P<.001), BF (P<.001), and CRF (P<.001) between the groups (control vs. intervention) before and after intervention (OWCG vs. OWIG and OCG vs. OIG). BMI decreased in the OWIG (BMI, 20.01±1.88 at baseline vs. 19.00±2.02 after HIIT, P<.001) and OIG (BMI, 24.12±2.66 at baseline vs. 23.23±3.23 after HIIT, P<.001) groups. Similarly, BF decreased in the OWIG (BF, 21.84±4.97 at baseline vs. 19.55±4.81% after HIIT, P<.001) and OIG (BF, 30.26±11.49 at baseline vs. 26.81±6.80% after HIIT, P<.001) groups. CRF improved in both intervention groups (P<.001). There was a significant decrease in the prevalence rate of schoolchildren with obesity (from 66.4% to 49.6%) (P<.001)., Conclusion: The intervention conducted in the school setting improved the anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of schoolchildren, and also allowed for reducing the proportion of schoolchildren with obesity., (Copyright © 2019 SEEN y SED. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)