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Abstract How macrophages in the tissue environment integrate multiple stimuli depends on the genetic background of the host, but this is still poorly understood. We investigate IL-4 activation of male C57BL/6 and BALB/c strain specific in vivo tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) from the peritoneal cavity. C57BL/6 TRMs are more transcriptionally responsive to IL-4 stimulation, with induced genes associated with more super enhancers, induced enhancers, and topologically associating domains (TAD) boundaries. IL-4-directed epigenomic remodeling reveals C57BL/6 specific enrichment of NF-κB, IRF, and STAT motifs. Additionally, IL-4-activated C57BL/6 TRMs demonstrate an augmented synergistic response upon in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, despite naïve BALB/c TRMs displaying a more robust transcriptional response to LPS. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of mixed bone marrow chimeras indicates that transcriptional differences and synergy are cell intrinsic within the same tissue environment. Hence, genetic variation alters IL-4-induced cell intrinsic epigenetic reprogramming resulting in strain specific synergistic responses to LPS exposure.

Introdução: O Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) infecta os linfócitos T que expressam o receptor CD4 em sua superfície, comprometendo o sistema imunológico do indivíduo, predispondo-o a outras infecções¹. Uma delas é causada pelo citomegalovírus (CMV), que pode afetar órgãos como os olhos, provocando retinite², complicação caracterizada por lesões na retina3. Os antivirais ganciclovir e valganciclovir são utilizados para o tratamento da retinite por CMV em pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids (PVHA). O ganciclovir é administrado pela via intravenosa, necessitando de ambiente ambulatorial ou hospitalar. O valganciclovir, pró-fármaco com biodisponibilidade equivalente ao ganciclovir, está disponível na forma de comprimido revestido e pode ser administrado pelo próprio indivíduo. Muitos custos diferentes incidem sobre os dois tratamentos e, na perspectiva da Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, a fim de comparar os dois tratamentos, é necessária uma avaliação econômica para apontar qual seria a opção mais vantajosa na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivo: Realizar uma avaliação econômica comparando ganciclovir e valganciclovir para o tratamento da retinite por CMV em PVHA. Material e Método: Para a construção do modelo econômico, foram considerados os custos médicos diretos para o tratamento de retinite por CMV com os medicamentos ganciclovir 1mg/mL bolsa com 250mL e valganciclovir 450mg comprimido revestido. Os esquemas posológicos consideraram um indivíduo com 70kg e as médias de duração de tratamento descritas em literatura. As evidências de eficácia e segurança foram buscadas nas bases de dados LILACS (via Pubmed), EMBASE e Cochrane. A busca por preços foi realizada no Banco de Preços em Saúde (BPS) e Sistema de Gerenciamento da Tabela de Procedimentos, Medicamentos e Órteses, Próteses e Materiais Especiais do SUS (SIGTAP). Resultados: A busca por evidências concluiu que os dois medicamentos apresentam eficácia e segurança equivalentes4, por isso foi realizada uma avaliação de custo-minimização (ACM). Quanto à duração do tratamento, foram considerados 21 dias de terapia de indução para ambos os antivirais, 112 dias de terapia de manutenção para o ganciclovir e 150 dias de terapia de manutenção para o Valganciclovir5. O custo do tratamento com o ganciclovir, por paciente ao ano, foi estimado em R$29.861,19. O custo com o valganciclovir foi estimado em R$38.741,76. A ACM revelou que o tratamento com valganciclovir custa R$8.880,57 a mais que o tratamento com ganciclovir. Conclusões: A ACM não considerou aspectos importantes, como liberação de leitos ambulatoriais e hospitalares, além de questões como qualidade de vida e acessibilidade geográfica. Embora o uso de ganciclovir tenha apresentado um menor custo em relação ao valganciclovir, esse resultado pode estar superestimado devido à ausência de desfechos relacionados às preferências dos pacientes e ao custo de oportunidade associado à ocupação de leitos hospitalares.

ABSTRACT: To evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters after testing in a new environment, and the zootechnical performance of Oreochromis niloticus classified as proactive or reactive. In experiment 1, male Nile tilapia with an average weight of 128.33 ± 34.17 g were kept in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Immediately after classification, blood samples were collected from 20 reactive and 20 proactive animals. In experiment 2, 60 proactive and 60 reactive males were classified, with an average weight of 88.23 ± 21.59 g, which were divided into the following treatments: PT (40 proactive animals), RT (40 reactive) MT (20 proactive + 20 reactive ). Animals were fed twice daily for 90 days. In experiment 1, reactive animals had higher amounts of hemoglobin and cortisol and lower amounts of leukocytes detected. In experiment 2, weight gain was greater in proactive animals (PT) and reactive animals (RT); however, the best feed conversion was obtained in reactive animals. The survival rate was lower in the MT treatment group of animals. Hemoglobin and glucose had lower values for proactive animals and for those that were mixed, in the MT group. Cholesterol was higher in animals PT. It is concluded that variables such as hemoglobin, cortisol, leukocytes and cholesterol are more likely to undergo changes between personality traits. Furthermore, it can be concluded that reactive and proactive O. niloticus, grown in separate environments, have the same potential for weight gain; however, the food conversion of reactive ones is better.

Abstract Identifying marker combinations for robust prognostic validation in primary tumour compartments remains challenging. We aimed to assess the prognostic significance of CSC markers (ALDH1, CD44, p75NTR, BMI-1) and E-cadherin biomarkers in OSCC. We analysed 94 primary OSCC and 67 metastatic lymph node samples, including central and invasive tumour fronts (ITF), along with clinicopathological data. We observed an increase in ALDH1+/CD44+/BMI-1- tumour cells in metastatic lesions compared to primary tumours. Multivariate analysis highlighted that elevated p75NTR levels (at ITF) and reduced E-cadherin expression (at the tumour centre) independently predicted metastasis, whilst ALDH1high exhibited independent predictive lower survival at the ITF, surpassing the efficacy of traditional tumour staging. Then, specifically at the ITF, profiles characterized by CSChighE-cadherinlow (ALDH1highp75NTRhighE-cadherinlow) and CSCintermediateE-cadherinlow (ALDH1 or p75NTRhighE-cadherinlow) were significantly associated with worsened overall survival and increased likelihood of metastasis in OSCC patients. In summary, our study revealed diverse tumour cell profiles in OSCC tissues, with varying CSC and E-cadherin marker patterns across primary tumours and metastatic sites. Given the pivotal role of reduced survival rates as an indicator of unfavourable prognosis, the immunohistochemistry profile identified as CSChighE-cadherinlow at the ITF of primary tumours, emerges as a preferred prognostic marker closely linked to adverse outcomes in OSCC.

Dental socket repair theoretically involves a constructive inflammatory immune response, which evolves from an initial M1 prevalence to a subsequent M2 dominance. In this scenario, the MEK1/2 signaling pathway is allegedly involved in M2 polarization. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of MEK1/2 pharmacological inhibition in the local host response and repair outcome. C57Bl/6-WT 8-week-old male mice were submitted to the extraction of the right upper incisor and treated (or not, control group) with MEK1/2 inhibitor PD0325901 (10 mg/kg/24 h/IP, MEK1/2i group) and analyzed at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days using microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, birefringence, immunohistochemistry, and PCR array analysis. The results demonstrate that MEK1/2 inhibition limits the development of M2 response over time, being associated with lower expression of M2, MSCs, and bone markers, lower levels of growth and osteogenic factors, along with a higher expression of iNOS, IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well inflammatory chemokines, indicating a predominantly M1 pro-inflammatory environment. This modulation of local inflammatory immune response is associated with impaired bone formation as demonstrated by microtomographic and histomorphometric data. The results show that MEK1/2 inhibition delays bone repair after tooth extraction, supporting the concept that M2 macrophages are essential elements for host response regulation and proper repair.

A focus on water quality has intensified globally, considering its critical role in sustaining life and ecosystems. Wastewater, reflecting societal development, profoundly impacts public health. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a surveillance tool for detecting outbreaks early, monitoring infectious disease trends, and providing real-time insights, particularly in vulnerable communities. WBE aids in tracking pathogens, including viruses, in sewage, offering a comprehensive understanding of community health and lifestyle habits. With the rise in global COVID-19 cases, WBE has gained prominence, aiding in monitoring SARS-CoV-2 levels worldwide. Despite advancements in water treatment, poorly treated wastewater discharge remains a threat, amplifying the spread of water-, sanitation-, and hygiene (WaSH)-related diseases. WBE, serving as complementary surveillance, is pivotal for monitoring community-level viral infections. However, there is untapped potential for WBE to expand its role in public health surveillance. This review emphasizes the importance of WBE in understanding the link between viral surveillance in wastewater and public health, highlighting the need for its further integration into public health management.

A pesquisa realiza uma análise dos diferentes pensadores que influenciaram o desenvolvimento teórico de Gilberto Freyre e questiona a visão idealizada de Brasil apresentada pelo autor e sua concepção de equilíbrio social. Verifica como a teoria de integração social e a noção de “democracia racial” são incorporadas teoricamente por Freyre. A partir deste debate, analisa as contradições da formação colonial brasileira, compreendendo o desenvolvimento do racismo e a escravização e perseguição aos africanos e afrodescendentes.

Backgrounds: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides have been shown several anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties among studies with different tumor models and its use with advanced and conventional combination therapies is a world trend. The administration of 5-Fluorouracil is already used as chemotherapy for many tumors and works on tumor remission; however, its adverse effects are still severe, impoverishing treatment and quality of life for patients. Cancer stem cells represent a subpopulation of cells with defense mechanisms against chemotherapy agents and are the main cause of relapses and metastases in cancer treatments. Also, the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition program increases properties related to tumor malignancy and mortality. In this scenario, the aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in combination with 5-Fluorouracil on the subpopulation of cancer stem cells present in the human oral squamous carcinoma cell line SCC-9. Methods: SCC-9 cells were treated in vitro for 72 h with different 5-Fluorouracil low doses, associated or not with Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Cells maintained with culture media or cisplatin were used as control. All the cells were evaluated for cytotoxicity, cancer stem cells, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition properties. Results: The associated treatment avoided proliferation, delayed migration, slightly modified morphology of cells, increased apoptosis, decreased colony and blocked spheres formation, and downregulated cancer stem cells, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and ABC drug transporters expression. In addition, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides + 5-Fluorouracil changed the treated cells into a non-cancer stem cell phenotype, a characteristically not resistant and less proliferative population. The 5-Fluorouracil treatment alone showed remarkable modification in cellular morphology, apoptosis, and absence of holoclones; however, it upregulated the molecular expression of cancer stem cells' hallmarks. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that combining Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides with a low dose of 5-Fluorouracil is effective against oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro by enhancing the cells' sensitivity to drugs and reducing the characteristics associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). This suggests the possibility of reducing conventional chemotherapy doses and improving oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment. It also highlights the potential for this combination to be used as an adjunct in Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM).

Abstract Lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) accounts for 12% of all head and neck cancers. It is caused by chronic exposure to ultraviolet light solar radiation and related to previous actinic cheilitis (AC). This study aimed to investigate the immunostaining of the putative cancer stem cells (CSC) markers ALDH1 and CD44 in AC (n=30) and LSCC (n=20). ALDH1 positivity was found to be statistically higher in LSCC than in AC lesions (p=0.0045), whilst CD44 expression was statistically higher in AC than in LSCC lesions (p=0.0155). ALDH1+ cells in AC lesions were associated with specific clinical features: a younger age (

ABSTRACT Background: training in critical surgical situations is crucial for a safe outcome. The use of simulators is well established, although many are quite expensive, requiring the search for financially viable solutions for training centers. Methods: we built a low-cost simulator for intra-abdominal bleeding with inexpensive materials, such as a manikin chest, latex tubes, silicone rubber, and waterproof fabric, seeking to mimic the abdominal viscera and vessels and their anatomical correlations. An IV infusion set allowed simulated blood to flow under pressure, and the blood flowed freely during simulation. After obtaining a functional model, we selected general surgeons to validate the simulator and its use in teaching surgery. We used the content validity index (CVI), with a cutoff of 0.9. Results: the cost of building the prototype was US$71,00 in 2021, accounting for the purchase of the various necessary materials. Twelve raters participated in the validation tests. The results obtained from the feedback survey showed a good evaluation of all items, especially the recognition of the injured vessel, access to the vascular injury, hemostasis by manual compression, and hemostatic suturing. Conclusion: the proposed simulator obtained good results in scenarios of intra-abdominal bleeding from large vessels, as well as for hemostasis by manual compression and suturing. It proved to be a useful tool for training in critical intra- abdominal bleeding situations, while maintaining a low cost of building.

Pharmacovigilance plays a central role in safeguarding public health by continuously monitoring the safety of vaccines, being critical in a climate of vaccine hesitancy, where public trust is paramount. Pharmacovigilance strategies employed to gather information on adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) include pre-registration data, media reports, clinical trials, and societal reporting. Early detection of AEFIs during clinical trials is crucial for thorough safety analysis and preventing serious reactions once vaccines are deployed. This review highlights the importance of societal reporting, encompassing contributions from community members, healthcare workers, and pharmaceutical companies. Technological advancements such as quick response (QR) codes can facilitate prompt AEFI reporting. While vaccines are demonstrably safe, the possibility of adverse events necessitates continuous post-marketing surveillance. However, underreporting remains a challenge, underscoring the critical role of public engagement in pharmacovigilance. This narrative review comprehensively examines and synthesizes key aspects of virus vaccine pharmacovigilance, with special considerations for specific population groups. We explore applicable legislation, the spectrum of AEFIs associated with major vaccines, and the unique challenges and perspectives surrounding pharmacovigilance in this domain.

Objective:The aim of the stusy is to identify climacteric symptoms and self-care attitudes and their relationship with the quality of life reported by women during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Method:This is a cross-sectional study, carried out between May 2020 and September 2020. The Women's Health Questionnaire, the Menopause Rating Scale instruments, the translated and validated versions for Brazilian Portuguese, and a semi-structured interview script for sociodemographic information were used. To answer the survey, the Google Forms link was made available through digital platforms. The sample consisted of 280 women.Results:As for Women's Health Questionnaire, it was observed that women showed impairment, mainly in relation to the domains of somatic symptoms, sexual behavior, vasomotor symptoms, memor y/con centr ation , and psychological symptoms. The correlation between the results of the Menopause Rating Scale and the Women's Health Questionnaire identified that the overall severity of symptoms measured by the Menopause Rating Scale was associated with a reduction in the Women's Health Questionnaire in all domains, except in the attractiveness domain. The main self-care actions indicated were taking shower, using teas, relaxing, using lubricants, and using medications.Conclusion:The climacteric symptoms that impacted the quality of life of women were related to the domains of somatic symptoms, sexual behavior, vasomotor, and memor y/con centr ation . There was also a decline in the quality of life with impairment of the psychological domain. Self-care actions such as taking showers, using teas, medications, and lubricants were the most used.

Abstract Obesity is a disease characterized by the exacerbated increase of adipose tissue. A possible way to decrease the harmful effects of excessive adipose tissue is to increase the thermogenesis process, to the greater energy expenditure generated by the increase in heat in the body. In adipose tissue, the thermogenesis process is the result of an increase in mitochondrial work, having as substrate H+ ions, and which is related to the increased activity of UCP1. Evidence shows that stress is responsible for increasing the greater induction of UCP1 expression via β-adrenergic receptors. It is known that physical exercise is an important implement for sympathetic stimulation promoting communication between norepinephrine/epinephrine with membrane receptors. Thus, the present study investigates the influence of short-term strength training (STST) on fatty acid composition, lipolysis, lipogenesis, and browning processes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) of obese mice. For this, Swiss mice were divided into three groups: lean control, obesity sedentary, and obese strength training (OBexT). Obese animals were fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks. Trained obese animals were submitted to 7 days of strength exercise. It was demonstrated that STST sessions were able to reduce fasting glycemia. In the sWAT, the STST was able to decrease the levels of the long-chain fatty acids profile, saturated fatty acid, and palmitic fatty acid (C16:0). Moreover, it was showed that STST did not increase protein levels responsible for lipolysis, the ATGL, ABHD5, pPLIN1, and pHSL. On the other hand, the exercise protocol decreased the expression of the lipogenic enzyme SCD1. Finally, our study demonstrated that the STST increased browning process-related genes such as PGC-1α, PRDM16, and UCP1 in the sWAT. Interestingly, all these biomolecular mechanisms have been observed independently of changes in body weight. Therefore, it is concluded that short-term strength exercise can be an effective strategy to initiate morphological changes in sWAT.

High-risk newborns are exposed to neonatal conditions such as prematurity, very low birth weight, and congenital malformations that can affect development and behavior. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restraint and control measures have been identified as important stressor events and cumulative risk factors for behavioral changes in these children. This study examined social isolation-related factors that contribute to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children already at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. This cross-sectional, multicenter study included 113 children (18 months to 9 years) who were followed in reference services for neonatal follow-up in tertiary units of the public health system in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Behavior was assessed using the child behavior checklist, and a structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic aspects. In the bivariate analysis, prematurity was associated with externalizing problems and change in eating habits with internalizing problems. The logistic model indicated that both parents having completed high school and both sharing care of the child were protective factors for behavioral problems; however, reports of sleep problems and living with another child were risk factors. In conclusion, the study identified internalizing and externalizing behavior problems related to prematurity and aspects of family structure and routine in children at risk. The findings confirm the importance of family functioning for child health and family-centered interventions.

RESUMO: Este artigo teve como objetivo principal examinar as funções cognitivas associadas às dificuldades em aritmética, focando com foco em: a) analisar a relação entre o desempenho neuropsicológico e o desempenho em aritmética da amostra total de cada ano escolar; e b) investigar o desempenho dos alunos nas funções neuropsicológicas, divididos de acordo com o desempenho em aritmética, para cada ano escolar. Participaram do estudo 167 alunos do 4.º e do 6.º anos do Ensino Fundamental, com idades entre 9 e 12 anos. As principais análises realizadas envolveram os escores do Subteste de Aritmética do Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE) e da bateria de avaliação neuropsicológica NEUPSILIN-Inf. Foram feitas correlações de Pearson entre a amostra total de cada ano escolar e o Teste t para averiguar diferenças entre os grupos, de cada ano escolar, formados com base no desempenho do TDE. Os resultados sugerem que, quanto melhor o desempenho aritmético no TDE, mais altos os escores em memória, cálculos e fluência verbal no NEUPSILIN-Inf. Os alunos do grupo com dificuldades aritméticas apresentaram escores inferiores nos testes que avaliaram, especialmente, funções executivas e memória. Sugere-se um investimento em práticas educacionais que estimulem o desenvolvimento de tais funções cognitivas com o intuito de prevenir as dificuldades aritméticas.

A entrevista a seguir é a primeira concedida pelo tradutor José Antônio Arantes, oferecendo em caráter inédito a oportunidade de nos acercarmos de sua trajetória multifacetada, em grande medida responsável por provê-lo com ferramentas valiosas no ofício de tradução. Arantes também discorre sobre particularidades dos muitos autores que passaram por suas mãos, apresentando sua metodologia, critérios, procedimentos e estratégias, além de uma breve reflexão sobre a questão do papel do tradutor. Por fim, Arantes elucida questões específicas referentes ao processo de tradução da idiossincrática e heterogênea obra de Blake, autor a que Arantes tem se dedicado com especial interesse nos últimos anos.

In this manuscript, we prepared gold nanorods (Au-NRs) through “silver-assisted seeded methodology” and studied their outermost layer using XPS spectroscopy and ab initio calculations to compare the chemical states of the constituents of the metallic core. Supporting first-principles calculations employing a relativistic, full-potential and all-electron method, with augmented plane waves plus local orbitals as a basis set, ensure proper treatment of the core electron states. Three significant findings can be reported. First, we found that besides Au (0), there are two chemical states for silver, namely Ag (0) and Ag(I), on the Au surface. Our results corroborate with recent results reported in the literature, indicating that Ag monolayer can be oxidized to Ag(I) during the steps of centrifugation and washing with diluted CTAB solution. Second, ab initio simulations showed that Ag atoms have different binding energies, depending on their configuration in Au-NRs (whether silver atoms are found on the surface or if they are spread in bulk as interstitial or substitutional defects). Third, theoretical studies showed that silver atoms located at interstitial sites could distort the crystalline structure, and, therefore, we do not expect interstitial Ag to occur in Au-NRs.

RESUMO Tem como objetivo investigar o contexto histórico do desenvolvimento das ideias que culminaram com o surgimento dos agentes de mineração. Pressupõe, hoje, que cerca de metade da informação processada na Internet é feita por agentes o que estimula uma discussão sobre o papel dos bots na contemporaneidade, bem como da relação destes com pessoas e seus dados. A justificativa deste trabalho se dá pela observação do cenário atual em que tais agentes já interagem com as pessoas e pelo distanciamento presumido, do objeto de estudo que resulta na escassez de publicações a partir da CI. Apresenta como as necessidades informacionais que impulsionaram o surgimento da Ciência da Informação também inspiraram a criação dos agentes de mineração. O Procedimento metodológico utilizado foi uma revisão bibliográfica que parte do desejo de Leibniz em criar o Calculus Ratiocinator e segue até a contemporânea teoria das Máquinas Sociais. Sugere como conclusão, por um lado, que a CI já desenvolveu o seu olhar sobre a evolução dos Agentes de Mineração, que a princípio era atribuída, apenas, à lógica e matemática, e por outro lado articular estas desconexas e esparsas visões dos contextos próprios dos agentes de mineração.

Different mechanisms are involved in immune escape surveillance driven by Oral and Head and Neck Cancer Stem Cells (HNCSCs). The purpose of this review is to show the most current knowledge regarding the main impact of HNCSCs on tumor evasion through immunosuppression, CSCs phenotypes and environmental signals, highlighting strategies to overcome immune evasion. The main results drive the participation of cell surface receptors and secreted products and ligands, the crosstalk between cells, and genetic regulation. The reduction in CD8+ T cell recruitment and decreased effector of anti-PD-1 therapy by cells expressing BMI1 is a key event; Natural Killer cell ligands and cytokines needed for its activation and expansion are crucial to control tumor growth and to target CSCs by immunotherapy; CSCs expressing ALDH1 are related to increased expression of PD-L1, with a positive link between DNMT3b expression; CD276 expression in CSCs can act as a checkpoint inhibitor and together with Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) activation, they create continuous positive feedback that enables immune evasion by suppressing CD8+ T cells and prevent immune cell infiltration in head and neck cancer. These data demonstrate the relevance of the better understanding of the interaction between HNCSCs and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. The ultimate clinical implication is to ground the choice of optimized targets and improve immune recognition for ongoing treatments as well as the response to approved immunotherapies.

Introduction: One of the main implications of hearing impairment is the difficulty in perceiving speech sounds, especially in noisy environments. Thus, the frequency-modulated system is considered an important educational tool for children with hearing impairment because it improves speech perception in acoustically-unfavorable environments, such as in the classroom. The assessment of speech perception in noise is included in the verification protocol of this device. Objectives: To verify the effectiveness of the phrases in noise test Brazil in children with hearing impairment using an frequency-modulated system. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study. The sample included 40 children, aged 4 years to 11 years and 11 months old, divided into 4 groups: (1) 10 normal hearing children; (2) 13 children with hearing aids and frequency-modulated system; (3) 12 children using cochlear implant and fitted with the frequency-modulated system; and (4) 5 children diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, fitted with hearing aids and/or cochlear implant and with the frequency-modulated system. The phrases in noise test Brazil was used to evaluate speech perception in noise under the conditions with and without the frequency-modulated system. For the statistical analysis of the data, a significance level of 5% (p

Abstract Since the first reported case of the new coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China, researchers and governments have witnessed an unseen rise in the number of cases. Thanks to the rapid work of Chinese scientists, the pathogen now called SARS-CoV-2 has been identified and its whole genome was deposited in public databases by early January 2020. The availability of the genome has allowed researchers to develop Reverse Transcription—Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assays, which are now the gold-standard for molecular diagnosis of the respiratory syndrome COVID19. Because of the rising number of cases and rapid spreading, the world has been facing a shortage of RT-PCR supplies, especially the ones involved in RNA extraction. This has been a major bottleneck to increase testing capacity in many countries that do not significantly manufacture these supplies, such as Brazil. Additionally, RT-qPCR scalability is highly dependent on equipment that usually performs testing of 96 samples at a time. In this work, we describe a cost-effective molecular NGS-based test for diagnosis of COVID19, which uses a single-step RNA extraction and presents high scalability and accuracy when compared to the gold-standard RT-qPCR. A single run of the NGS-based test using the Illumina NextSeq 550 mid-end sequencing equipment is able to multiplex 1,536 patient’s samples, providing individual semi-qualitative results (detected, not detected). Detected results are provided with fragments per million (FPM) values, which was demonstrated to correlate with RT-qPCR Cycle Threshold (CT) values. Besides, usage of the high-end Illumina Novaseq platform may yield diagnostic for up to 6144 samples in a single run. Performance results when compared with RT-qPCR show general accuracy of 96%, and 98% when only samples with CT values (gene N) lower than 30 are considered. We have also developed an online platform, termed VarsVID, to help test executors to easily scale testing numbers. Sample registering, wet-lab worksheets generation, sample sheet for sequencing and results’ display are all features provided by VarsVID. Altogether, these results will contribute to control COVID19 pandemics.

Objective: This study was done to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the essential oil (OE-CL) and nanoemulsion (N-CL) of Cymbopogon flexuosus against Trichomonas gallinae. Materials and Methods: In vitro assays were done with 106 parasites and OE-CL and N-CL in the concentrations: 110, 220, 330, 440, 550, 660, 770 and 880 µg/ml and four controls: CN (culture medium and trophozoites), MTZ (trophozoites plus 800 µg/ml of metronidazole), TW (trophozoites plus vehicles used for solubilization of derivatives (0.01% Tween) and NB (blank nanoemulsion 880 µg/ml). The in vivo assay was done in 35 quails (Coturnix coturnix) infected experimentally 4x104 mg/kg, were divided in seven groups (n=5): A (control–healthy), B (control infected), C (control TW 0.01%), D (NB 0.88 mg/kg), E (drug MTZ 25 mg/kg, F (OE-CL at 0.55 mg/kg ) and G (N-CL at 0.44 mg/kg), during 7 consecutive days. Results: The in vitro test showed that the OE-CL (550 μg/ml) and N-CL (440 μg/ml) concentrations reduced the trophozoites viability in 100%. In the in vivo test, the treatment with OE-CL was efficient on the 4th treatment day and the N-CL after the 3rd day, and the MTZ in the therapeutic concentration was efficient on the 7th day. Conclusion: It can be observed in this study that the lemon grass has natural potential antitrichomonal activity against T. gallinae in vitro and in vivo.

Objetivo: Conhecer os aspectos gerais da vida de imigrantes venezuelanos em abrigos, com enfoque na alimentação, acesso aos serviços de saúde e principais fatores que motivaram a imigração para o Brasil. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo-exploratório, realizado no segundo semestre de 2019, mediante aplicação de 22 entrevistas semiestruturadas, com a participação de imigrantes abrigados em Boa Vista, Roraima, Brasil. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo para análise dos dados, emergindo quatro categorias temáticas: Viver no abrigo; Alimentação no abrigo; Saúde no abrigo e Escolha do Brasil como destino. Resultados: Não obstante os impasses, há sentimentos de gratidão por viver no Brasil. Viver no abrigo é ruim e difícil, pois o ambiente das barracas é quente, pequeno e com pouca privacidade, porém ressaltam que é melhor que viver nas ruas. Quanto à alimentação no abrigo, o suporte nutricional é satisfatório, com o fornecimento de três refeições balanceadas diariamente, embora às vezes insuficiente. Os participantes estão satisfeitos com os cuidados interdisciplinares em saúde e a distribuição de medicamentos, no entanto reclamam que o acesso aos serviços de saúde é limitado. A escolha do Brasil para imigrar deu-se pela sua posição econômica na América do Sul e, portanto, achavam que teriam mais chance de empregabilidade, bem como acesso à educação, à saúde e, pela proximidade geográfica a seu país. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu conhecer as principais razões que levaram os participantes a escolherem o Brasil como destino, além dos aspectos gerais da vida nos abrigos, com foco em saúde e alimentação.

Motivação é fundamental para o aprendizado, pois este só ocorre se o discente estiver predisposto a isso. Portanto, é importante implementar aulas dinâmicas, que o envolva e o estimule a uma participação ativa nas aulas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos com a aplicação de um jogo sobre Termoquímica no Ensino Médio, cujos dados foram coletados através de questionários. As respostas, que foram analisadas quantitativamente, nos mostraram que, além de despertar a motivação dos discentes para a aula, o jogo também os estimulou a aprender o conteúdo químico abordado.

Helminth infection currently affect over 2 billion people worldwide, with those with the most pathologies and morbidities, living in regions with unequal and disproportionate access to effective healthcare solutions. Host genetics and environmental factors play critical roles in modulating and regulating immune responses following exposure to various pathogens and insults. However, the interplay of environment and genetic factors in influencing who gets infected and the establishment, persistence, and clearance of helminth parasites remains unclear. Inbred strains of mice have long been used to investigate the role of host genetic factors on pathogenesis and resistance to helminth infection in a laboratory setting. This review will discuss the use of ecological and environmental mouse models to study helminth infections and how this could be used in combination with host genetic variation to explore the relative contribution of these factors in influencing immune response to helminth infections. Improved understanding of interactions between genetics and the environment to helminth immune responses would be important for efforts to identify and develop new prophylactic and therapeutic options for the management of helminth infections and their pathogenesis.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a capacidade da Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) em predizer a mortalidade em até 90 dias e outros desfechos desfavoráveis em idosos admitidos em um Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência (SHE). Método Estudo de coorte prospectivo que incluiu idosos admitidos e que permaneceram por pelo menos uma noite no SHE de um hospital público terciário. O grau de fragilidade basal foi avaliado através da CFS e sua pontuação, o preditor estudado, por meio da curva Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC). Analisou-se como desfecho primário a mortalidade em 90 dias. Considerou-se como desfechos secundários: mortalidade em 180 dias, declínio funcional, readmissão no SHE, reinternação e necessidade de atenção domiciliar. Resultados 206 participantes foram incluídos. Dos 127 idosos frágeis, 40 (31,5%) faleceram até o 90º dia comparado a 5 (6,3%) do grupo não frágil (p

Abernethy malformation is a rare congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt with variable clinical manifestations, mainly associated with the portosystemic shunt. Hepatic encephalopathy can be the first manifestation. We present the case of a 50-year-old woman with hepatic encephalopathy without liver dysfunction. Further evaluation with contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography was performed, showing a large-calibre portocaval shunt from the left portal branch, suggestive of type 2 Abernethy malformation. The patient improved with lactulose and rifaximin but maintained rare encephalopathy episodes. She is therefore currently awaiting surgical treatment. Despite being a rare cause of hepatic encephalopathy, Abernethy malformation should be considered in patients with unexplained hyperammonaemia. Since it is potentially reversible, and early diagnosis and treatment may improve outcome, raising awareness of this malformation is essential.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the scientific production on the decision making of health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Integrative review in the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, WoS, and BVS. Inclusion criteria: original articles available in full, in any language, related to the object investigated. Results: During this pandemic, health workers have been making decisions based on ethical/bioethical principles (utility, beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, proportionality, flexibility, clinical prognosis, duration of the need, and fair health attention), values (solidarity, equality, equity, utilitarianism, relational autonomy, reliability, reciprocity, maximization of the benefits and resources, and prioritization of those in worse conditions), beliefs and personal motivation, protocols, directives, tools, algorithms, recommendations, and criteria. Final considerations: Decision making has never been so necessary as in this pandemic. This article is not a recipe for the professionals, since decision making is based on numerous factors. However, it provides them with a foundation that can be helpful in this difficult process.

Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic can be considered a severely stressful event and trigger negative repercussions on the mental health of medical students, such as psychological distress and the development or worsening of mental disorders, harming the academic, social and professional life of these students. As a result of the interruption of classes and the social distancing measures advocated by health agencies during the pandemic, the mental health care sector for medical students at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) needed to cancel the face-to-face care at the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital in early March 2020 and think of other forms of mental health care for these students. Experience report: This is an experience report about the implementation of telemental health care for medical students at UFRJ during the pandemic, for the continuity of mental health care program using remote assistance, started in late March 2020. The service is being offered by a team of five psychiatrists, a psychologist and a social worker, all university employees. Discussion: The teleservice has served as an important space for listening and embracement in face of these students’ psychosocial demands, whose challenge consists in overcoming some barriers that hinder the availability of and access to mental health services on the university campus, including the preservation of the doctor-patient relationship, the guarantee of confidentiality and quality, and the offer of a space for mental health care when the physical presence is not possible. Conclusion: Despite the difficulties inherent in the rapid process of implementing this service, the potential of technology to help the population at this critical moment is perceived, especially regarding the attention to the mental health of specific groups, such as medical students. The telehealth represents a potential for learning and change in the ways how the access to care is offered, with the perspective of bringing benefits to the students’ mental health, even after the current period of the pandemic, with the goal of expanding these services to other courses of the UFRJ.

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This protozoan developed several mechanisms to infect, propagate, and survive in different hosts. The specific expression of proteins is responsible for morphological and metabolic changes in different parasite stages along the parasite life cycle. The virulence strategies at the cellular and molecular levels consist of molecules responsible for mediating resistance mechanisms to oxidative damage, cellular invasion, and immune evasion, performed mainly by surface proteins. Since parasite surface coat remodeling is crucial to invasion and infectivity, surface proteins are essential virulence elements. Understanding the factors involved in these processes improves the knowledge of parasite pathogenesis. Genome sequencing has opened the door to high-throughput technologies, allowing us to obtain a deeper understanding of gene reprogramming along the parasite life cycle and identify critical molecules for survival. This review therefore focuses on proteins regulated during differentiation into infective forms considered virulence factors and addresses the current known mechanisms acting in the modulation of gene expression, emphasizing mRNA signals, regulatory factors, and protein complexes.

The peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a major pest of stone fruits including the peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. The entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, was previously shown to be an effective tool for controlling S. exitiosa. In orchards where irrigation is not available, a sprayable gel (Barricade®) can be used to maintain soil moisture which can facilitate nematode efficacy. However, rates of nematode and Barricade® application had not been optimized for their maximum economic and biocontrol efficiency. Therefore, our objective was to compare rates of S. carpocapsae and Barricade® in field trials. Nematodes were tested at per-tree application rates of 1.5 million, 1 million and 0.5 million infective juveniles. The sprayable gel was used at two rates, 4% and 2%. A reduction in the used nematodes from 1.5 million to 0.5 million per tree showed no difference in efficacy. Similarly, using the gel at half rate also did not impact the efficacy, and treatments containing nematodes controlled the S. exitiosa better than the chlorpyrifos control in several of the tests (p < 0.05). As an added benefit, the nematode treatments were also able to reduce the prevalence of weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations as secondary pests of the peach trees. The lower rates of grower inputs will reduce costs, making the nematode biocontrol of the peachtree borer more likely to be adopted by commercial growers of peach.

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente para o português brasileiro os questionários Self-Advocacy Checklist “I can”, Audiology Self-Advocacy Checklist - ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (ASAC-ES), Audiology Self-Advocacy Checklist - MIDDLE SCHOOL (ASAC-MS) e Audiology Self-Advocacy Checklist - HIGH SCHOOL (ASAC-HS), para avaliar os habilidades de autoadvocacia de usuários de dispositivos eletrônicos auditivos. Método A tradução foi realizada por meio de uma adaptação das diretrizes de Beaton et al. (2000). A versão pré-teste foi aplicada em dois grupos. O Grupo 1 (G1) foi composto por 14 professores de adolescentes com deficiência auditiva. O Grupo 2 (G2) foi composto por 15 pacientes adolescentes com deficiência auditiva, usuários de dispositivos eletrônicos auditivos, que fazem uso da linguagem oral como forma primária de comunicação. Resultados Os instrumentos foram traduzidos como Checklist de autoadvocacia “Eu consigo” e Checklists de Autoadvocacia em Audiologia - Ensino Fundamental I, Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino Médio. Para o G1, não houve relato de dificuldade em relação aos termos utilizados nos protocolos, porém, relataram dificuldades em relação ao preenchimento do progresso do estudante. Para o G2, as fonoaudiólogas que aplicaram os instrumentos em forma de entrevista não relataram dificuldade quanto ao uso do instrumento e sua aplicação. Após a aplicação da versão pré-teste, não houve necessidade de fazer alterações nos instrumentos, os quais foram apresentados como versão final. Conclusão As Checklist de autoadvocacia foram traduzidas e adaptadas culturalmente para o português brasileiro e são instrumentos válidos para a mensuração das habilidades de autoadvocacia de estudantes com deficiência auditiva em contexto clínico.

Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), often termed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are the most common target of therapeutic drugs used today. Many studies suggest that distinct members of the GPCR superfamily represent potential targets for the treatment of various metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). GPCRs typically activate different classes of heterotrimeric G proteins, which can be subgrouped into four major functional types: Gαs, Gαi, Gαq/11, and G12/13, in response to agonist binding. Accumulating evidence suggests that GPCRs can also initiate β-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent signaling. Thus, the physiological outcome of activating a certain GPCR in a particular tissue may also be modulated by β-arrestin-dependent, but G protein-independent signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the role of G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways in the development of obesity and T2D-related metabolic disorders.

The respiratory tract is considered the main port of entry of Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy. However, the great majority of individuals exposed to the leprosy bacillus will never manifest the disease due to their capacity to develop protective immunity. Besides acting as a physical barrier, airway epithelium cells are recognized as key players by initiating a local innate immune response that orchestrates subsequent adaptive immunity to control airborne infections. However, to date, studies exploring the interaction of M. leprae with the respiratory epithelium have been scarce. In this work, the capacity of M. leprae to immune activate human alveolar epithelial cells was investigated, demonstrating that M. leprae-infected A549 cells secrete significantly increased IL-8 that is dependent on NF-κB activation. M. leprae was also able to induce IL-8 production in human primary nasal epithelial cells. M. leprae-treated A549 cells also showed higher expression levels of human β-defensin-2 (hβD-2), MCP-1, MHC-II and the co-stimulatory molecule CD80. Furthermore, the TLR-9 antagonist inhibited both the secretion of IL-8 and NF-κB activation in response to M. leprae, indicating that bacterial DNA sensing by this Toll-like receptor constitutes an important innate immune pathway activated by the pathogen. Finally, evidence is presented suggesting that extracellular DNA molecules anchored to Hlp, a histone-like protein present on the M. leprae surface, constitute major TLR-9 ligands triggering this pathway. The ability of M. leprae to immune activate respiratory epithelial cells herein demonstrated may represent a very early event during infection that could possibly be essential to the generation of a protective response.

Objective: to build and validate an instrument for structural assessment of wards for the preservation of urinary continence in hospitalized older adults. Method: this is a methodological study divided into two stages. The first corresponded to an integrative literature review that guided the construction of the instrument. The second consisted of the content validation stage of the instrument, by means of expert consensus, using the Delphi technique. The selected experts were recognized in the field and authors of the articles included in the integrative review. Results: six experts participated in the content validation, which resulted in the “Instrument for Structural Assessment of Wards for the Preservation of Urinary Continence in Older Adults”, composed of 27 items, distributed in three dimensions: “physical structure”, “human resources”, and “material resources”. Two Delphi rounds were carried out for validation, resulting in a final version with 83% agreement among the experts. Conclusion: the instrument reached content validity, requiring application for clinical validation. However, it can be used by researchers and health staff in hospital settings, in order to identify structural weaknesses and guide the priority of interventions for the quality and safety of this care.

Copper is an essential micronutrient for the performance of important biochemical processes such as respiration detoxification, and uptake of metals like iron. Studies have shown that copper deprivation is a strategy used by the host against pathogenic fungi such as Cryptoccocus neoformans and Candida albicans during growth and development of infections in the lungs and kidneys. Although there are some studies, little is known about the impact of copper deprivation in members of the Paracoccidioides genus. Therefore, using isobaric tag labeling (iTRAQ)-Based proteomic approach and LC-MS/MS, we analyzed the impact of in vitro copper deprivation in the metabolism of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. One hundred and sixty-four (164) differentially abundant proteins were identified when yeast cells were deprived of copper, which affected cellular respiration and detoxification processes. Changes in cellular metabolism such as increased beta oxidation and cell wall remodeling were described.

Infection by Schistosoma parasites culminates in a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by intense tissue fibrosis. Along the course of schistosomiasis, diverse leukocytes are recruited for inflammatory foci. Innate immune cell accumulation in Th2-driven granulomas around Schistosoma eggs is associated with increased collagen deposition, while monocytes and macrophages exert critical roles during this process. Monocytes are recruited to damaged tissues from blood, produce TGF-β and differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which become alternatively activated by IL-4/IL-13 signaling via IL-4Rα (AAMs). AAMs are key players of tissue repair and wound healing in response to Schistosoma infection. Alternative activation of macrophages is characterized by the activation of STAT6 that coordinates the transcription of Arg1, Chi3l3, Relma, and Mrc1. In addition to these markers, monocyte-derived AAMs also express Raldh2 and Pdl2. AAMs produce high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β that minimizes tissue damage caused by Schistosoma egg accumulation in tissues. In this review, we provide support to previous findings about the host response to Schistosoma infection reusing public transcriptome data. Importantly, we discuss the role of monocytes and macrophages with emphasis on the mechanisms of alternative macrophage activation during schistosomiasis.

Introdução: O badminton possui grande predominância de saltos representando uma parte importante dos gestos esportivos e repetidos movimentos curtos com mudanças de direção em alta intensidade. Os saltos verticais, contramovimento (SCM) e salto agachado (SA), são amplamente utilizados para estimar a potência de membros inferiores e a diferença entre esses saltos significam um armazenamento e utilização de energia potencial elástica. Objetivo: A pesquisa busca verificar o desempenho no salto vertical e utilização da energia potencial elástica em jogadores de badminton. Materiais e Métodos: Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas (peso e estatura) e em seguida os saltos verticais: Agachado e Contramovimento em 12 jogadores brasileiros de badminton (7 homens e 5 mulheres). Resultados: As características destes jogadores foram respectivamente: idade 15,58 ± 2,39 anos, massa corporal 58,21 ± 11,99 e estatura 166,67 ± 10,63. Constatou-se uma diferença de desempenho entre homens (29,38 ± 6,42) e mulheres (16,96 ± 4,65) no SA, assim como no SCM (homens 27,06 ± 5,94 e Mulheres 17,77 ± 5,22). Quanto ao IE as mulheres obtiveram 4,49% ± 0,05 e os homens 7,17% ± 4,07. Discussão: O IE encontrado neste estudo é considerado baixo de acordo com a literatura, havendo uma necessidade de treinamentos que melhorem esta variável. Porém eles podem não refletir um baixo nível de desempenho destes atletas, devido as divergências de valores encontrados e modalidade esportiva dos avaliados. Conclusão: A potência de membros inferiores e IE constatados nestes jogadores não foram satisfatórios de acordo com a literatura. Devido a sua importância é essencial a adequação dos treinos para a melhora desta variável.

The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional value, fermentation losses, and aerobic stability of elephant grass silage (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates (experimental silos) and five levels of fibrolytic enzymes (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0%). For this, the elephant grass was ensiled at 70 days of age in plastic buckets with 20L capacity. Silos were opened 60 days after sealing. Analyses were made for chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), effluent losses (EL), gas losses (GL) and dry matter recovery (DMR), as well as the aerobic stability of the silage. Data were analyzed with PROC REG of SAS® University, at 5% probability. There was an increase in IVDMD content (p < 0.0001) and reduction in NDF and ADF contents (p < 0.0001) according to enzyme levels. These results were related to the increase in the degradation of fiber fractions. There were higher EL (p = 0.0062) as a function of enzyme levels and aerobic deterioration after silo opening, at all levels tested. Thus, it can be concluded that the exogenous fibrolytic enzymes change the chemical composition of elephant grass silage, and increase its digestibility and nutritional value. Moreover, when used alone as an additive, fibrolytic enzymes are not able to recover all dry matter of this silage (with effluent and gas losses), and are not able to maintain aerobic stability in the first hours after opening the silos.

O objetivo do estudo foi categorizar os programas de capacitação – enquanto práticas sustentáveis de gestão do capital humano. Oportunamente, identificou-se os atributos organizacionais (institucionais e humanos) correlacionados ao relato de tais práticas nos relatórios de sustentabilidade, padrão GRI. Foram identificados 2.255 programas de capacitação, a partir da análise de conteúdo dos 104 relatórios de sustentabilidade, no biênio 2015-2016, de 61 companhias diferentes, listadas entre as maiores companhias abertas, segundo a revista Exame Melhores & Maiores (2017). Os resultados da análise de conteúdo apontam a concentração de programas de capacitação à categoria Responsabilidade socioambiental (40%). As análises de correlação indicaram, contra expectativas, ser incipiente a correlação entre o relato de programas de capacitação pelas empresas e os atributos organizacionais analisados, sendo mais evidente quando tratados por categoria. A principal contribuição deste estudo residiu na categorização dos programas de capacitação relatados pelas maiores empresas de capital aberto no Brasil.

Este estudo avaliou as variações mensais proteicas e bioquímicas no plasma seminal de bodes da raça Alpina criados em clima tropical. A avaliação da motilidade progressiva de espermatozóides foi realizada no sêmen fresco e descongelado, e a avaliação da funcionalidade da membrana após a descongelação. Após 12 meses, o plasma seminal foi submetido a eletroforese em gel de SDS-poliacrilamida a 10 e 14%, em paralelo com as análises dos seus parâmetros bioquímicos. No gel de poliacrilamida a 10% foram identificadas 22 bandas proteicas (25-181 kDa), enquanto que no gel de 14%, foram identificadas 16 bandas proteicas (5,7-165 kDa). As frações de proteínas de 5,7 e 34,3-34,5 kDa mostraram um perfil que variou de acordo com a sazonalidade reprodutiva dos bodes, com o aumento da produção ocorrendo durante a estação reprodutiva. Na análise dos parâmetros bioquímicos, as concentrações de cálcio, fósforo, e colesterol também mostraram variação sazonal. No entanto, a análise da motilidade progressiva, bem como a funcionalidade de membrana não alteraram. Estes resultados indicam que alterações nos perfis proteico e bioquímico do plasma seminal durante o ano, não alterou a qualidade do sêmen fresco e descongelado de bodes Alpinos em clima tropical.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-containing nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are currently being investigated for nerve repair as an alternative to autograft, which leads to permanent functional impairment in the territory innervated by the removed nerve. Combination of polymers modifies the physical properties of the conduits, altering their nerve-guidance properties. Conduits made from PLA-only or combined with other polymers have been used successfully for nerve repair, but their efficiency has not been compared. We compared the morphological and functional outcomes of peripheral nerve repair by using NGCs made of poly(lactic acid) and combined or not with polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PLA/PVP). To assess the functional recovery, we employed a mechanical hyperalgesia analysis, sciatic functional index (SFI), and electroneuromyography. The mechanical hyperalgesia analysis showed that the PLA group improved more rapidly than the PLA/PVP and PLA/PCL groups; similarly, in the electroneuromyography assay, the PLA group exhibited higher amplitude than the PLA/PCL and PLA/PVP groups. However, the SFI improvement rates did not differ among the groups. Morphologically, the PLA group showed more vascularization, while the nerve fiber regeneration did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, the PLA-only conduits were superior to the other NGCs tested for nerve repair.

O termo empoderamento pode ser compreendido como um processo de emancipação dos sujeitos, norteado por características essenciais de autonomia, protagonismo e responsabilização, despertado quando determinado evento possa representar algum risco, como situações opressoras e discriminatórias para com os sujeitos individuais ou coletivos, que induza a busca por redução das iniquidades socais. O estudo objetiva dialogar o plano municipal de saúde com o relatório final de uma conferência municipal de saúde, enquanto documentos norteadores das estratégias de empoderamento. Estudo qualitativo, com dados secundários, explorados pela análise documental. As estratégias contidas no plano buscam fortalecer a Construção de Políticas Públicas Saudáveis e Reorganizar os Serviços de Saúde. As estratégias contidas no relatório da conferência creditam melhor potencial empoderador devido a interação entre os sujeitos, a intersubjetividade e por exigir a transformar nas relações de poder. Apontamos à paridade, como a principal característica que pode justificar a divergência no diálogo entre os documentos.

Abstract Ingested fluoride (F) is absorbed mainly in the small intestine, which is controlled by the Enteric Nervous System (ENS). Although important intestinal symptomatology has been described after excessive F exposure, there have been no studies reporting the effects of F on the ENS. In this study, the effects of chronic F exposure were evaluated on the duodenums of rats through proteomic and morphological analyses. Concentrations of 0, 10, or 50 ppm of F were applied to the drinking water for 30 days. Immunofluorescence techniques were performed in the myenteric plexus of the duodenum to detect HuC/D, neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP). The 50 ppm F group presented a significant decrease in the density of nNOS-IR neurons. Significant morphological alterations were also observed in HUC/D-IR and nNOS-IR neurons; VIP-IR, CGRP-IR, and SP-IR varicosities for both groups (10 and 50 ppm F). Proteomic analysis of the duodenum demonstrated alterations in the expression of several proteins, especially those related to important biological processes, such as protein polymerization, which helps to explain the downregulation of many proteins upon exposure to 50 ppm of F.

Lymphangiomas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic vessels. They are rare in the oral cavity and when present in this area they may cause functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system. The objective is to report a case of cavernous lymphangioma of the dorsum of the tongue, reviewing the clinical and treatment features of the disease, with emphasis on the oral cavity location, mainly the tongue. A 17-year-old male patient presented with a lesion on dorsum of his tongue of approximately 10 years of evolution. The lesion had a pebbly appearance and a sessile base, and measured about 3 cm. The patient was submitted to surgical excision of the lesion, without any intercurrences. Currently, the patient is under clinical follow-up, without any clinical sign of tumor recurrence after 2 years of treatment. Surgical excision of the lesion seems to be the most adequate treatment for tongue lymphangiomas, with low rates of recurrence.

Obesity leads to an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, especially in increased sympathetic modulation and decreased vagal tone, and some anthropometric, metabolic, and lifestyle variables may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Objective. To analyze the association between cardiovascular autonomic modulation and biochemical and anthropometric markers, food intake, and physical activity level in severely obese individuals. Methodology. The present study is a cutout of a randomized clinical trial “Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severe obesity” (DieTBra Trial), where the baseline data were analyzed. Anthropometric data, biochemical exams, heart rate variability (HRV), accelerometry, and 24 h recall (R24H) of obese patients (body mass index BMI ≥35 kg/m2) were collected. Results. 64 obese patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 39.10 ± 7.74 years (27 to 58 years). By HRV analysis, in the frequency domain, the obese had a higher predominance of sympathetic autonomic modulation (low frequency (LF) 56.44 ± 20.31 nu) and lower parasympathetic modulation (high frequency (HF) 42.52 ± 19.18 nu). A negative association was observed between the variables Homeostasis Evaluation Model (HOMA-IR) and HF (p=0.049). In the physical activity analysis, there was a negative association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and the sympathetic component (p=0.043), and for sedentary time (ST), there was a negative association with HF (p=0.049) and LF/HF (p=0.036) and a positive association with LF (p=0.014). For multiple linear regression, waist circumference (WC) and HOMA-IR values were negatively associated with HF (β = −0.685, p=0.010; β = −14.989, p=0.010; respectively). HOMA-IR (β = 0.141, p=0.003) and the percentage of lipids ingested (β = −0.030, p=0.043) were negatively associated with LF/HF. Conclusion. Among the cardiovascular risk variables studied, insulin resistance and central adiposity showed the greatest influence on cardiac autonomic modulation of obese, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate different concentrations of growth and differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) on the development and maintenance of equine preantral follicle morphology during short-term in vitro culture. Ovaries (n=5) from five mares were collected from a local slaughterhouse and transported to the laboratory, where nine fragments (5x5x1mm) were procured from each ovary. One fragment from each was immediately fixed and submitted for histological analysis (control group; D0). The other eight fragments were cultured in situ for two (D2) or six (D6) days in MEM+ or MEM+ supplemented with GDF-9 at different concentrations (i.e., 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL the GDF-9). After culturing with different concentrations of GDF-9 for 2 or 6 days, the fragments were processed for histological analysis. After two days of cultivation, we observed an increase in the percentage of developing follicles for 0 (MEM+), 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL GDF-9 compared to control (D0; P

Up to 50% of patients with the multibacillary form of leprosy are expected to develop acute systemic inflammatory episodes known as type 2 reactions (T2R), thus aggravating their clinical status. Thalidomide rapidly improves T2R symptoms. But, due to its restricted use worldwide, novel alternative therapies are urgently needed. The T2R triggering mechanisms and immune-inflammatory pathways involved in its pathology remain ill defined. In a recent report, we defined the recognition of nucleic acids by TLR9 as a major innate immunity pathway that is activated during T2R. DNA recognition has been described as a major inflammatory pathway in several autoimmune diseases, and neutrophil DNA extracellular traps (NETs) have been shown to be a prime source of endogenous DNA. Considering that neutrophil abundance is a marked characteristic of T2R lesions, the objective of this study was to investigate NETs production in T2R patients based on the hypothesis that the excessive NETs formation would play a major role in T2R pathogenesis. Abundant NETs were found in T2R skin lesions, and increased spontaneous NETs formation was observed in T2R peripheral neutrophils. Both the M. leprae whole-cell sonicate and the CpG-Hlp complex, mimicking a mycobacterial TLR9 ligand, were able to induce NETs production in vitro. Moreover, TLR9 expression was shown to be higher in T2R neutrophils, suggesting that DNA recognition via TLR9 may be one of the pathways triggering this process during T2R. Finally, treatment of T2R patients with thalidomide for 7 consecutive days resulted in a decrease in all of the evaluated in vivo and ex vivo NETosis parameters. Altogether, our findings shed light on the pathogenesis of T2R, which, it is hoped, will contribute to the emergence of novel alternative therapies and the identification of prognostic reactional markers in the near future.