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Manuel Torres-Gutiérrez,1 Viviana Burgos-Camacho,1 Jessica Paola Caamaño-Jaraba,1 Nicolás Lozano-Suárez,2 Andrea García-López,2 Fernando Girón-Luque2,3 1Department of Mental Health, Colombiana de Trasplantes, Bogotá, Colombia; 2Department of Transplant Research, Colombiana de Trasplantes, Bogotá, Colombia; 3Department of Transplant Surgery, Colombiana de Trasplantes, Bogotá, ColombiaCorrespondence: Andrea García-López, Transplant Research, Colombiana de Trasplantes, Av Carrera, 30 No. 47 A-74, Bogota, 111311, Colombia, Email aegarcia@colombianadetrasplantes.comIntroduction: In renal transplant recipients, compliance with medical therapy is vital. Non-adherence is considered a risk factor for worst outcomes in kidney recipients, with attributed outcomes of 64% for graft loss and 80% for late acute rejection. Most literature defines adherence as self-based immunosuppression compliance but does not consider other relevant factors such as consult and procedure compliance. Therefore, this study aims to describe adherence prevalence in kidney transplant recipients and the factors related to non-adherence.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1030 renal transplant patients followed by Colombiana de Trasplantes between January 2019 and July 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were obtained based on clinical records. The mental-health group diagnosed holistic adherence in a semi-structured interview. The diagnosis considered medication intake failure, frequency and number of failures to medical controls or other procedures, suspicious non-adherence behaviors, and serum levels of immunosuppressants. A bivariate followed a descriptive analysis, and a forward logistic regression was performed for non-adherence.Results: Patients had a median of 47 years, and 58.1% were male. Non-adherence was presented in 30.7% of patients. The non-adherence patients were younger, with a higher prevalence of males, single, divided transplant care, had a longer time after transplantation, psychopathological diagnosis, and more reinforcement education by only nursing. Older age and multidisciplinary reinforcement education were protective factors. On the other hand, poor social support, psychopathology diagnosis, and longer time after transplant presented as non-adherence risk factors.Conclusion: Holistic non-adherence was diagnosed in approximately one-third of renal transplant recipients. Its definition included more than just medication non-compliance and could identify more non-adherent patients. Notably, there is a need to consider the related factors in the health follow-up and encourage future research in modifiable factor interventions aiming to increase adherence and achieve better outcomes for renal transplant patients.Keywords: treatment adherence and compliance, kidney transplantation, patient compliance, social support, patient education, mental health, psychopathology

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the influence of gravity segregation effects on inflow performance relationship (IPR) curves, with both totally and partially penetrated vertical wells. Using synthetic responses from a finite difference simulator, the effects of different parameters, such as vertical to radial permeability ratio, production mode, position of productive interval oil rate, and mechanical skin, on the shape of IPR curves are documented. It is shown that greater flow potentials are obtained when the ratio of gravity to viscous forces increases. It is shown that for the case of partially penetrated wells, the IPR curve generated at constant bottomhole pressure does not coincide with the IPR generated at constant oil rate. Also, the presence of gravity segregation affects the values of absolute open flow potential obtaining big differences with the corresponding values when gravitational effects are ignored. The values of the exponent n of Fetkovich IPR and the coefficients of the quadratic equation proposed by Jones et al. are functions not only of time but also of production rate, position of productive interval and other parameters. The consequence of the above results is that the interpretation of IPR curves is affected by the presence of gravitational effects and therefore the use of traditional methods, such as those of Vogel, Fetkovich, or Jones et al., is restricted to the specific conditions considered by these authors. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3185355] Keywords: solution gas drive, inflow performance, gravity segregation

Las encefalitis autoinmunes son procesos inflamatorios cerebrales que se clasifican en dos grandes grupos según el mecanismo patogénico subyacente: las mediadas por anticuerpos vs. antígenos intracelulares (paraneoplásicas) y las mediadas por anticuerpos frente a los antígenos extracelulares o de superficie neuronal. Las manifestaciones clínicas son muy variadas y poco específicas. Las pruebas complementarias incluidas en el diagnóstico clínico de la encefalitis autoinmune incluyen, entre otras, la determinación de anticuerpos en suero o en líquido cefalorraquídeo y la resonancia magnética (RM). La RM puede presentar patrones característicos como la afectación mesial del temporal, aunque en determinados casos puede ser normal. La imagen de tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET/TC) con 18F-Fluorodeoxiglucosa (18F-FDG PET/TC) puede ser de gran utilidad en los casos de encefalitis autoinmunes paraneoplásicas para encontrar el tumor primario. En los casos de encefalitis autoinmunes mediadas por anticuerpos frente a los antígenos extracelulares, la 18F-FDG PET/TC presenta unos patrones que pueden ayudar al diagnóstico clínico. Esta colaboración especial pretende presentar de forma clara y de fácil comprensión las características clínicas de la encefalitis autoinmune, las dificultades en el diagnóstico clínico y los patrones observados en la RM y en la 18F-FDG PET/TC. Autoimmune encephalitis are brain inflammatory processes that are classified into two main groups according to the underlying pathogenic mechanism: antibodies to intracellular antigens (paraneoplastic) and antibodies to extracellular or neuronal surface antigens. The clinical manifestations of autoimmune encephalitis are very varied and non-specific. Complementary tests included in its clinical diagnosis include determination of antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI may show characteristic patterns such as mesial temporal involvement, although in some cases it may be normal or non-specific. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging may be helpful in cases of paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis to find the primary tumor. In autoimmune encephalitis mediated by antibodies to extracellular antigens, 18F-FDG PET/CT shows distinctive patterns that can aid clinical diagnosis. This special collaboration aims to present in a clear and easy-to-understand way, the clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis, the difficulties in clinical diagnosis and the patterns seen on MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Laguna Hule, localizada en la Vertiente Caribe, Costa Rica a 750m sobre el nivel del mar, forma parte del complejo de lagunas volcánicas llamado “Bosque Alegre”. El área de la laguna es de 60.3 ha y su profundidad máxima de 22.5m. La investigación se realizó de abril a setiembre de 1989 determinándose, en cada muestreo la temperatura, el óxido disuelto, el ácido sulfhídrico (H2S), el pH, la alcalinidad y la concentración de iones calcio, magnesio, hierro y manganeso. La laguna presenta un perfil clinógrado de oxígeno; el 60% del volumen total es anóxico con presencia de H2S a partir de los 8m de profundidad. Los valores de pH y alcalinidad indican que las aguas son bicarbonatadas, caracterizándose por un alto contenido de hierro. La curva de temperatura señala una diferencia de hasta 4.3 °C entre la superifcie y el fondo, permitiendo a la laguna permanecer estratificada (hay un epilimnion y un hipolimnion bien definido).

Se estudió el ciclo anual del fitoplancton y los nutrientes (orto fosfatos y nitratos) en el Lago de Río Cuarto, Costa Rica, durante el período de 1984-85. Las muestras se obtuvieron con botellas Ruttner y Varn Dorm, en el centro del lago y en las estaciones litorales. El fitoplancton se concentró por sedimentación, utilizándose solución de Lugol como preservante. El conteo de las algas se hizo con una celda de Palmer-Maloney. Durante el período de estudio se identificaron 14 especies de algas siendo las algas verdes (Chlorophyta) el grupo dominante. Entre éstas la especie Mougeattia genuflexa mostró las densidades más altas. Se definió un ciclo anual en la densidad y composición del fitoplancton en relación con los cambios climáticos. Los períodos de máxima densidad poblacional coinciden con un aumento en la concentración de los nutrientes. Este aumento de nutrientes se produce como resultado del periodo de mezcla anual del lago al inicio de la época seca y también en relación con el incremento de la precipitación pluvial de la región. El índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weaver, mostró los valores más bajos durante la ocurrencia de los máximos poblacionales, como resultado del aumento de unas pocas especies altamente competitivas.

Resumen Objetivo conocer la situación de los estudios de neuroimagen de Medicina Nuclear que se realizaron en España en el año 2013 y primer trimestre del 2014, con el fin de definir las actividades del grupo de trabajo de Neuroimagen de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular (SEMNIM). Material y métodos Se diseñó un cuestionario de 14 preguntas dividido en 3 partes: características de los servicios (equipamiento y profesionales involucrados), tipo de exploraciones e indicaciones clínicas y métodos de evaluación. El cuestionario se remitió a los 166 servicios de Medicina Nuclear que figuraban en la secretaría de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular. Resultados Respondieron a la encuesta un total de 54 centros distribuidos entre todas las comunidades autónomas. La mayoría de los centros realizaron entre 300 y 800 exploraciones de neuroimagen al año, representando más de 25 exploraciones al mes. La media de equipos por servicio era de 3, teniendo la mitad de ellos equipos PET/TC y SPECT/TC. Las exploraciones realizadas con más frecuencia son la SPECT cerebral con 123 I-FP-CIT, seguida de la SPECT cerebral de perfusión y de la PET con 18 F-FDG, siendo las indicaciones clínicas más frecuentes los estudios de deterioro cognitivo seguidos por los de trastornos del movimiento. Para la evaluación de las pruebas la mayoría de los centros utilizaron únicamente la valoración visual, en la valoración cuantitativa la cuantificación por regiones de interés fue la más utilizada. Conclusiones Los resultados reflejan cuál fue la actividad clínica del año 2013 y primer trimestre del 2014, siendo las indicaciones principales los estudios de deterioro cognitivo y trastorno del movimiento. La variabilidad en la evaluación de los estudios PET y la colaboración con los especialistas clínicos que demandan las exploraciones de neuroimagen de Medicina Nuclear son algunos de los retos que debemos afrontar en los próximos años. Objective To determine the status of neuroimaging studies of Nuclear Medicine in Spain during 2013 and first quarter of 2014, in order to define the activities of the neuroimaging group of the Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SEMNIM). Material and methods A questionnaire of 14 questions was designed, divided into 3 parts: characteristics of the departments (equipment and professionals involved); type of scans and clinical indications; and evaluation methods. The questionnaire was sent to 166 Nuclear Medicine departments. Results A total of 54 departments distributed among all regions completed the questionnaire. Most departments performed between 300 and 800 neuroimaging examinations per year, representing more than 25 scans per month. The average pieces of equipment were three; half of the departments had a PET/CT scanner and SPECT/CT equipment. Scans performed more frequently were brain SPECT with 123 I-FP-CIT, followed by brain perfusion SPECT and PET with 18 F-FDG. The most frequent clinical indications were cognitive impairment followed by movement disorders. For evaluation of the images most sites used only visual assessment, and for the quantitative assessment the most used was quantification by region of interest. Conclusions These results reflect the clinical activity of 2013 and first quarter of 2014. The main indications of the studies were cognitive impairment and movement disorders. Variability in the evaluation of the studies is among the challenges that will be faced in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen Objetivo Estudiar el impacto clínico en el manejo de los pacientes de la 18 F-fluorocolina ( 18 F-COL) en la recurrencia de neoplasias cerebrales primarias. Material y métodos Se estudió prospectivamente a 21 pacientes con sospecha de recidiva de neoplasia cerebral primaria mediante PET/TC cerebral con 18 F-COL en uso compasivo. La distribución por patología de los pacientes estudiados fue: 3 astrocitomas grado ii , 3 astrocitomas grado iii , un oligodendroglioma grado ii , 3 oligodendrogliomas grado iii , un oligoastrocitoma grado iii , 4 glioblastomas multiformes, una gliomatosis cerebri y 5 meningiomas. Se consideraron positivos los estudios en los que había una captación visualmente significativa respecto al fondo del parénquima cerebral. Resultados Diecisiete de los pacientes fueron positivos, comprobándose dicho resultado por histología (10 de ellos) o seguimiento clínico y por neuroimagen, sin hallarse falsos positivos o negativos. El índice target to backgroud ratio medio para los positivos fue de 8,02 y para los negativos de 0,94, lo que representa una diferencia significativa (p = 0,003). Conclusión La PET/TC con 18 F-COL presenta resultados alentadores en la valoración de pacientes con sospecha de recidiva. Aim To study the usefulness of 18 F-fluorocholine (FCH) in detecting the recurrence of primary brain tumours. Material and methods A prospective study was conducted on brain PET/CT with FCH for compassionate use in 21 patients with suspected recurrence of a primary brain tumour. The distribution by pathology was: three grade ii astrocytomas, three grade iii astrocytomas, one grade ii oligodendroglioma, three grade iii oligodendrogliomas, one grade iii oligoastrocytoma, four glioblastoma multiform, one gliomatosis cerebri, and five meningiomas. Studies in which there was a visually significant uptake in the brain parenchyma were classified as positive. Results A total of 17 patients were classified as positive, with the results being confirmed by histology (10 cases) or clinical follow-up and imaging, with no false positives or negatives. The mean SUVmax for positive patients was 8.02 and 0.94 for the negative ones, which was significantly different ( P =.003) Conclusion PET/CT with FCH shows encouraging results in the evaluation of patients with suspected recurrence of primary brain neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest version of the Philippine National Standards for Drinking-Water (PNSDW) was issued in 2007 by the Department of Health (DOH). Due to several issues and concerns, the DOH decided to make an update which is relevant and necessary to meet the needs of the stakeholders. As an output, the water quality parameters are now categorized into mandatory, primary, and secondary. The ten mandatory parameters are core parameters which all water service providers nationwide are obligated to test. These include thermotolerant coliforms or Escherichia coli, arsenic, cadmium, lead, nitrate, color, turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids, and disinfectant residual. The 55 primary parameters are site-specific and can be adopted as enforceable parameters when developing new water sources or when the existing source is at high risk of contamination. The 11 secondary parameters include operational parameters and those that affect the esthetic quality of drinkingwater. In addition, the updated PNSDW include new sections: (1) reporting and interpretation of results and corrective actions; (2) emergency drinking-water parameters; (3) proposed Sustainable Development Goal parameters; and (4) standards for other drinking-water sources. The lessons learned and insights gained from the updating of standards are likewise incorporated in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The understanding of runoff generation mechanisms is crucial for the sustainable management of river basins such as the allocation of water resources or the prediction of floods and droughts. However, identifying the mechanisms of runoff generation has been a challenging task, even more so in arid and semi-arid areas where high rainfall and streamflow variability, high evaporation rates, and deep groundwater reservoirs increase the complexity of hydrological process dynamics. Isotope and hydrochemical tracers have proven to be useful in identifying runoff components and their characteristics. Moreover, although widely used in humid-temperate regions, isotope hydrograph separations have not been studied in detail in arid and semi-arid areas. Thus the purpose of this study is to determine if isotope hydrograph separations are suitable for the quantification and characterization of runoff components in a semi-arid catchment considering the hydrological complexities of these regions. Through a hydrochemical characterization of the surface water and groundwater sources of the catchment and two and three component hydrograph separations, runoff components of the Kaap Catchment in South Africa were quantified using both, isotope and hydrochemical tracers. No major disadvantages while using isotope tracers over hydrochemical tracers were found. Hydrograph separation results showed that runoff in the Kaap catchment is mainly generated by groundwater sources. Two-component hydrograph separations revealed groundwater contributions between 64 and 98% of total runoff. By means of three-component hydrograph separations, runoff components were further separated into direct runoff, shallow and deep groundwater components. Direct runoff, defined as the direct precipitation on the stream channel and overland flow, contributed up to 41 % of total runoff during wet catchment conditions. Shallow groundwater defined as the soil water and near-surface water component, contributed up to 45 % of total runoff, and deep groundwater contributed up to 84% of total runoff. A strong correlation for the four studied events was found between the antecedent precipitation conditions and direct runoff. These findings suggest that direct runoff is enhanced by wetter conditions in the catchment which trigger saturation excess overland flow as observed in the hydrograph separations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the influence of gravity segregation effects on inflow performance relationship (IPR) curves, with both totally and partially penetrated vertical wells. Using synthetic responses from a finite difference simulator the effects of different parameters, such as vertical to radial permeability ratio, production mode, position of productive interval, oil rate, and mechanical skin, on the shape of IPR curves are documented. It is shown that greater flow potentials are obtained when the ratio of gravity to viscous forces increases. It is shown that for the case of partially penetrated wells, the IPR curve generated at constant bottomhole pressure does not coincide with the IPR generated at constant oil rate. Also, the presence of gravity segregation affects the values of absolute open flow potential, obtaining big differences with the corresponding values when gravitational effects are ignored. The values of the exponent n of Fetkovich IPR and the coefficients of the quadratic equation proposed by Jones et al. are functions not only of time but also of production rate, position of productive interval, and other parameters. The consequence of the above results is that the interpretation of IPR curves is affected by the presence of gravitational effects and therefore the use of traditional methods, such as those of Vogel , Fetkovich, or Jones et al., is restricted to the specific conditions considered by these authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that significant abdominal trauma in children remains uncommon and doesn't need surgery. Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) has good sensitivity and specificity for hemoperitoneum and intra-abdominal injuries. The Blunt Abdominal Trauma in Children (BATiC) score use Doppler ultrasound, abdominal signs, hemodynamic stability and blood analysis to find the risk of intra-abdominal injury.