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Abstract: A rock face affected by small rockfalls has been monitored using a ground-based remote sensing apparatus: Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). The pilot study area corresponds to the main scarp of the 1881 Puigcercós landslide (Pallars Jussà, Catalonia, Spain). Four datasets of the slope were acquired from September 2007 to July 2008 in an ongoing project. The geomorphological evolution of the rock face in terms of volume and frequency of rockfall was studied by the comparison of sequential datasets. In addition to the detection of past events, this study deals with the spatial prediction of rockfalls through the detection of pre-failure deformation as a precursory indicator. The high resolution and accuracy and the maximum range of the TLS offer interesting prospects for both spatial location and prediction of rockfall. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Torrential floods are hazardous hydrological phenomena that produce significant economic damage worldwide. Flood reconstruction is still problematic in ungauged mountainous areas due to the lack of systematic data, so indirect techniques are required. This paper presents an integrated palaeoflood study of a Pyrenean stream that combines fluvio-torrential geomorphology, dendrogeomorphology, palaeoflood discharge estimation and flow hydraulics. The use of a total station and airborne LiDAR data allows detailed topography for geomorphological mapping and running a one-dimensional hydraulic model. Based on the height of scars on several damaged trees, we obtained palaeodischarges of 316 m 3 s − 1 and 314 m 3 s − 1 for the 2008 and 2010 floods. The hydraulic parameters were related to the geomorphic position of trees, showing a positive relation between most energetic geomorphic elements and both flow depth and velocity values. The most affected trees are located in intermediate energy geomorphic positions. Analysing variation in scar height and flow stage differences, we suggest that most reliable trees for peak discharge estimation correspond to those in areas related with fluvio-torrential processes of intermediate energy. This multidisciplinary palaeohydrological study relates flood hydrodynamics with the damage to trees and their geomorphological characteristics, focusing on the hydraulic parameters of the peak flow (depth, velocity and unit stream power), which has never been performed before. The proposed approach shows strong potential for palaeoflood analysis in ungauged mountain catchments with scarce non-systematic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]