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To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with radioiodinated human/murine chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (I-rituximab) for treating Korean patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). All patients received unlabeled rituximab 70 mg immediately prior to the administration of a therapeutic dose (median dose: 7.3 GBq) of I-rituximab. The tumor response was evaluated 1 month later by contrast enhanced F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Between May 2004 and October 2006, 24 patients received single treatment with I-rituximab. The overall response rate (ORR) was 29%; 46% (three complete responses, two partial responses (PR) for patients with low grade B-cell NHL (LGL) and 9% (one PR) for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). After a median follow-up of 55 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) for all the patients was 2.2 months. The median overall survival (OS) was 11.3 months. There were statistically significant differences between the LGL and the DLBCL for the median PFS (4.5 months vs 1.3 months, respectively, P = 0.0007) and the median OS (30.3 months vs 6.5 months, respectively, P = 0.0295). Grades 3-4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia occurred in 33% (8/24) and 21% (5/24) of the patients, respectively. RIT with I-rituximab seems to be effective and tolerable for patients with refractory LGL, although this treatment had modest activity in patients with refractory DLBCL. Further studies are warranted to determine the efficacy of I-rituximab for treating the patients with DLBCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artificial nanostructures such as nanoparticles and natural nanostructures such as secreted nanosized extracellular vesicles known as exosomes are promising tools for the realization of personalized medicine. Radionanomedicine is a recently coined term for the simultaneous application of either radiation technology or nuclear medicine with nanomedicine. In addition, radioexosomics is our suggested term for the study of exosomes functions, cytotoxicity, cancerogenicity, and biodistribution using radiation technology and nuclear medicine tracing technology. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and a big majority of patients with PC progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) mostly. The mechanisms leading to development of CRPC remain poorly understood and there is still a need to improve the therapeutic options available for PCa. In this review, a wide variety of nanostructure-based prostate cancer research using radiation technology and nuclear medicine is discussed. In addition, we will present what is currently known about the function of exosomes in PCa. The review concludes by summarizing the current status and future perspectives of radionanomedicine and radioexosomics for understanding PCa biology, as well as PCa enhancement of targeting strategies, drug delivery, molecular imaging and therapy., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.)